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INDONESIA
International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28299655     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/indi
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Indonesia Discourse is a multidisciplinary, semi-annual journal that provides a timely and comprehensive study of Indonesias culture, history, government, economy, society, technology, and health. The journal is dedicated to fostering interdisciplinary research that examines Indonesias evolving role in the global context while offering in-depth analyses on the nation’s contemporary challenges, opportunities, and transformations.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 20 Documents
 1   2 
Gender Equality in Indonesia’s Legal System: Progress or Stagnation? Kumaar, Sahid; Muqorrobin, Ikram; Al-Faroq, Fathan
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January-June, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i1.23033

Abstract

This study examines the progress of gender equality within Indonesia's legal system, focusing on whether recent reforms have achieved meaningful change or if they merely represent stagnation. Despite legal advancements, such as the ratification of international conventions and national laws aimed at promoting gender equality, women in Indonesia continue to face significant challenges, including discrimination, violence, and limited access to opportunities in various sectors. This research investigates the alignment of Indonesia’s legal framework with gender equality principles, analyzing legislative reforms, their implementation, and the societal and institutional barriers that hinder their effectiveness. Key findings highlight a persistent gap between legal reforms and societal practices, often compounded by traditional gender norms and weak enforcement mechanisms. While there have been notable improvements in areas such as women’s political participation and domestic violence protection, other issues, including workplace discrimination and the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions, remain inadequately addressed. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive evaluation of both legal reforms and their real-world impact, presenting a nuanced understanding of gender equality in Indonesia. Given the country’s dynamic social and political landscape, this research is urgent for informing policymakers, activists, and legal practitioners about the gaps that remain and the necessary steps to ensure that gender equality is not just a legal aspiration but a lived reality. This study contributes to the broader discourse on gender justice by offering concrete recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of legal reforms in promoting gender equality in Indonesia.
The Digital Economy Boom: How E-Commerce is Reshaping Indonesia’s Market Jannah, Miftahul; Mahmuda, Zuhairo; Alankrita, Amla
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January-June, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i1.23034

Abstract

This study examines the rapid growth of e-commerce and its transformative effects on Indonesia’s digital economy. As one of Southeast Asia's largest and most dynamic markets, Indonesia is undergoing a digital transformation that significantly alters traditional business models and consumer behavior. The research explores the role of e-commerce platforms in reshaping market structures, influencing business practices, and changing consumer purchasing patterns. Findings indicate that e-commerce is a key driver of economic growth, expanding access to goods and services across both urban and rural regions, and promoting financial inclusion. The study also highlights the crucial role of mobile technology and increased internet penetration in facilitating the widespread adoption of online shopping. However, challenges such as logistical inefficiencies, digital payment security, and regulatory frameworks pose significant barriers to the long-term sustainability of e-commerce in Indonesia. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of the digital economy’s evolution, with a specific focus on e-commerce as a central driver of economic change. Given the growing importance of the digital economy in Indonesia’s development, this research is vital for understanding the future trajectory of the market. The study offers valuable insights for businesses, policymakers, and stakeholders, providing recommendations for fostering a secure, inclusive, and sustainable e-commerce ecosystem in Indonesia.
Indonesia’s Struggle with Education Inequality: Is Reform the Answer? Sidauruk, Johan Manik; Susilowati, Monica; Akbar, Kamal Karimullah
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January-June, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i1.23035

Abstract

This study examines the persistent issue of educational inequality in Indonesia and explores whether educational reforms can effectively address the disparities within the country’s educational system. Despite substantial investments in education and ongoing efforts to enhance access, significant gaps remain in the quality of education between urban and rural areas, as well as among different socio-economic groups. The research analyzes the primary factors contributing to educational inequality, including regional disparities, resource allocation, teacher quality, and the accessibility of educational infrastructure. Findings reveal that while recent reforms, such as the School Operational Assistance (BOS) program and the expansion of vocational education, have made some strides in reducing inequality, significant challenges persist in ensuring equal opportunities for all students. The study highlights that systemic issues, such as the uneven distribution of resources and inadequate teacher training, continue to undermine educational equity. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive examination of both policy interventions and the broader socio-economic factors that perpetuate educational inequality. Given the profound implications of educational inequality on Indonesia’s long-term social and economic development, this research is of particular urgency. The study contributes to the wider discourse on educational reform by offering concrete recommendations for advancing educational equity, including improving resource allocation, strengthening teacher training, and ensuring that reforms are more effectively tailored to the needs of marginalized communities.
Conservation Science in Indonesia: Protecting the Endangered Species of the Archipelago Al-Husna, Shofa; Wiriya, Mongkut; Mongga, Albertus Elinda
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January-June, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i1.23036

Abstract

This study explores the field of conservation science in Indonesia, focusing on the protection of endangered species across the nation’s vast archipelago. As one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, Indonesia faces immense challenges in conserving its unique flora and fauna, many of which are threatened by habitat loss, illegal poaching, and the effects of climate change. The research investigates the current conservation strategies employed in Indonesia, including efforts to establish protected areas, engage local communities, and enforce anti-poaching laws. Findings highlight the successes and limitations of these strategies, with some species seeing positive outcomes from concerted conservation efforts, while others continue to decline despite these interventions. Key challenges identified include inadequate funding, insufficient local engagement, and the ongoing conflict between development and conservation priorities. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive evaluation of Indonesia’s conservation landscape, considering both ecological and socio-political factors that influence conservation outcomes. Given Indonesia’s critical role in global biodiversity preservation, this research is timely and vital for informing future conservation policies and strategies. The study contributes to the broader discourse on biodiversity conservation by offering recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of conservation efforts, such as strengthening community-based initiatives, improving law enforcement, and fostering international collaboration to protect endangered species in Indonesia.
Indonesia’s Digital Transformation: How E-Government is Revolutionizing Public Services Abdurrahman, Muhammad; Suherman, Dadang; Bhimasena, Abhiram; Carlos, Frederick Martin
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): January-June, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i1.23037

Abstract

This study investigates Indonesia’s ongoing digital transformation, with a particular focus on the role of e-government in revolutionizing public services. As the country navigates a rapidly evolving digital landscape, e-government initiatives have emerged as crucial tools for enhancing public sector efficiency, improving citizen engagement, and promoting transparency. The research examines the implementation of various e-government programs, such as digitalized administrative services, online public service platforms, and electronic governance systems, assessing their impact on service delivery and the accessibility of government services to the public. This research reveals that while significant progress has been made, including greater convenience for citizens and improved administrative efficiency, challenges persist, including issues related to digital infrastructure, cybersecurity concerns, and disparities in access to technology between urban and rural areas. The novelty of this research lies in its evaluation of both the technological advancements and the socio-political factors that influence the success of e-government initiatives in Indonesia. The urgency of this study is highlighted by the increasing dependence on digital tools in governance, which has been further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research contributes to the broader discussion on e-government by offering recommendations for improving digital infrastructure, addressing the digital divide, and ensuring that e-government reforms are inclusive and sustainable in Indonesia’s diverse socio-economic context.
Omnibus Law and the Paradox of Progress: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Labor Rights and Investment Flexibility in Post-Reform Indonesia Wiraatma, Azzam Haidar; Anggraini, Kaylaresta Ratnadewi
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i2.43035

Abstract

This study examines the legislative discourse surrounding Indonesia’s Job Creation Law (Omnibus Law), focusing on the inherent tension between attracting foreign direct investment and upholding constitutional labor protections. Since the 1998 Reformation, Indonesia has struggled to balance neoliberal economic aspirations with social justice mandates. Utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) on parliamentary debates, policy white papers, and judicial review transcripts, this research identifies a dominant narrative of "emergency economic acceleration" used to justify the erosion of severance pay, job security, and environmental safeguards. The findings suggest that the Omnibus Law represents a significant shift toward a "flexicurity" model that lacks the robust social safety nets found in Western counterparts, effectively creating a paradox where legal progress for capital mobility results in legal regression for labor rights. This paper argues that such legislative strategies may undermine long-term democratic stability by deepening socio-economic inequality. It provides a cautionary case study for other emerging economies attempting to reform complex legal landscapes through high-speed, multi-sectoral legislation.
Beyond 'Kerasukan': Integrating Traditional Beliefs with Modern Psychiatric Frameworks in Indonesia’s Mental Health Discourse Gumilang, Rangga Prawira; Cahyaningrum, Ratnasari; Wiranata, Made Adi
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i2.43036

Abstract

In many Indonesian communities, mental health crises are frequently interpreted through the lens of spiritual possession (kerasukan) or supernatural intervention. This study explores the discursive gap between traditional healing practices and modern psychiatric frameworks. Through a qualitative multi-sited ethnography involving spiritual healers (dukun), psychiatrists, and families of patients in Java and South Sulawesi, the research investigates how pluralistic health-seeking behaviors are negotiated. The results reveal that while clinical psychiatry is increasingly accessible, patients often prefer a hybrid approach that addresses both biological symptoms and spiritual anxieties. The study identifies "cultural translation" as a critical missing link in Indonesia’s public health policy, where psychiatric interventions often fail due to a lack of engagement with local ontological beliefs. By proposing a collaborative model of "culturally-informed psychiatry," this research contributes to the global discourse on decolonizing mental health. It argues that recognizing the validity of cultural idioms of distress is essential for improving treatment adherence and reducing the stigma associated with mental illness in non-Western contexts.
The Algorithmic Precarity of 'Ojol' Drivers: Investigating the Gig Economy and Digital Resistance in Southeast Asia’s Largest Market Wiratama, La Ode; Lamaddukelleng, Sultan Rasyid; Putri, Zahwa Mahira
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i2.43037

Abstract

The rise of ride-hailing platforms like Gojek and Grab has transformed Indonesia into one of the world’s largest laboratories for the gig economy. However, beneath the promise of "flexible work" lies a growing phenomenon of algorithmic precarity. This paper investigates how digital platforms exercise "soft control" over drivers through opaque rating systems, incentive structures, and automated suspensions. Employing a mixed-methods approach—comprising digital ethnography in driver Telegram groups and semi-structured interviews—this study maps the forms of "digital resistance" emerging among ojek (motorcycle taxi) drivers. These include the use of "tutor" apps to bypass GPS restrictions and the formation of informal grassroots unions to demand transparency. The findings indicate that the algorithm functions as a digital panopticon that shifts operational risks from the corporation to the individual worker. This research contributes to global labor sociology by demonstrating that despite the lack of formal employee status, gig workers in the Global South are developing sophisticated counter-narratives and collective strategies to challenge technological hegemony.
Nickel Diplomacy: The Geopolitics of Indonesia’s Downstream Policy and the Global Electric Vehicle Supply Chain Kusuma, Darmawan Putra; Dewi, Komang Purnama; Atmika, Gede Surya
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i2.43038

Abstract

As the world pivots toward renewable energy, Indonesia has positioned itself as a pivotal player in the global Electric Vehicle (EV) supply chain by leveraging its status as the world’s largest nickel producer. This paper analyzes Indonesia’s "downstream" (hilirisasi) policy, which bans raw ore exports to compel domestic processing and battery manufacturing. Drawing on a political ecology framework and geopolitical discourse analysis, the study evaluates the trade-offs between national economic sovereignty and environmental sustainability. While the policy has successfully attracted massive investments from China and the West, it has simultaneously triggered international trade disputes (WTO) and raised concerns regarding the ecological footprint of high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) technology. The research finds that "Nickel Diplomacy" serves as a double-edged sword: it empowers Indonesia in the global North-South negotiation but risks creating "green sacrifice zones" in mining regions like North Maluku. The paper concludes that for Indonesia’s transition to be truly "just," the discourse must move beyond GDP growth to include rigorous environmental accountability and indigenous land rights within the global green energy narrative.
Indo-Slang and Identity Performance: The Sociolinguistics of 'Bahasa Anak Jaksel' as a Marker of Neoliberal Class Distinction Firdhaus, Muhammad; Rajagukguk, Elia Binsar; Gaol, Tiara Boru Lumban
Indonesia Discourse Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): July-December, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/indi.v2i2.43174

Abstract

The linguistic phenomenon popularly known as Bahasa Anak Jaksel (South Jakarta slang)—characterized by frequent code-switching between Indonesian and English—has evolved into a significant cultural signifier in contemporary Indonesia. This paper examines the sociolinguistic functions of this hybrid language through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu’s "cultural capital." By analyzing social media content and conducting focus group discussions among urban youth, the study explores how linguistic hybridization serves as a tool for identity performance and class distinction. The research finds that while the slang is often ridiculed as a sign of superficiality, it functions as a strategic marker of neocolonial cosmopolitanism, signaling the speaker’s access to international education and global neoliberal networks. Furthermore, the discourse surrounding this slang reveals deep-seated anxieties about the "purity" of the national language versus the pragmatism of global fluency. This study contributes to the field of world Englishes by illustrating how language becomes a battlefield for class competition and social mobility in a rapidly globalizing Southeast Asian metropolis.

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