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Atom Indonesia Journal

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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 452 Documents

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The Role of BNCT in Breast Cancer Treatment B. Poedjomartono; Y. Sardjono; E. Meiyanto; H. Winarno
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2019.936

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising future technique of breast cancer therapy. BNCT is a cell-targetting therapy. In BNCT, the use of boron-10 combined with curcumin analog will provide selective radiation therapy only to breast cancer cells, whereas healthy cells will not be affected. This is because the alpha radiation from the boron-10 nuclei that fission due to thermal neutron irradiation only has a short range of between 4 and 9 μm, whereas the cell diameter is between 10and 20 μm, so the reaction is limited only to the cancer cells. If the development of BNCT succeeds, then in the future the malignancy of the breast cancer will be effectively treated by cancer-cell targeted therapy, thereby avoiding the side effects of conventional therapy.

The Effect of Gamma Radiation on Microbial Content and Curcuminoids of Curcuma amada Roxb. Rhizomes D.P. Rahayu; F.C. Saputri; D. Darwis
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 2 (2016): August 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The microbial contamination in the rhizomes of medicinal plants including Curcuma amada rhizomes is generally high. This due to the fact that rhizomes are the bottom parts that grow in the soil. Based on the Regulation of Head of the Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number HK.00.06.1.52.4011, the limits of microbial contamination in herbal/medicinal plants are 106 cfu/g for the total microbial and 2×104 cfu/g for the total yeast and mold. Gamma irradiation is one of the methods to reduce microbial contamination in medicinal plants. In this research, the effectiveness of gamma irradiation in microbial reduction and its effects to curcuminoid contents was determined by irradiating Curcuma amada rhizomes at doses of 5 and 10 kGy. The initial contamination in this rhizome was 8.78×107 cfu/g and 5×101 cfu/g for the total microbial and for the total yeast and mould, respectively. The result indicates that at 5 kGy, the microbial contamination and the mould and yeast contamination were reduced from 8.78×107 cfu/g and 5×101 cfu/g to 1.39×104 cfu/g and under 1×101 cfu/g, respectively. Meanwhile the comparison of curcuminoids between the irradiated and non irradiated samples was performed by HPLC method and was found to actually increase from 0.26% to 0.36% after the 5-kGy irradiation. It can be concluded that an irradiation dose of 5 kGy is effective to reduce the content of microorganisms without lowering curcuminoids. Gamma radiation could be used as decontamination method in medicinal plants.Received: 03 July 2015 ; Revised: 29 December 2015; Accepted: 19 Februari 2016

Effect of Ion Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of High and Low Copper H.M. Qadr
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

An investigation into the effects of proton beam exposure on high- and low-copper structural materials for nuclear reactors has been carried out. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of proton energy irradiation on the damage of the materials. The damage parameter used in the evaluation was displacement per atom (dpa) in material as a function of proton energy. In addition, a TRIM code was used to identify the penetration depth in response to changes in proton energy. The effect of proton beam exposure on the irradiation induced hardening of the different copper levels was investigated by Vickers Hardness tests for microstructural changes examination. The proton beam incident energy was 3 MeV and the temperature was kept at approximately 30 ᴼC. A 25 μm flat damage profile was achieved at 0.367 and 0.373 dpa for low and high copper samples, respectively. The hardness variation with depth and yield strength variation with dose (dpa) were also investigated. Based on the results, the study found that the hardness test for the high copper was higher than the low copper.

Optimization of Electrodeposition Parameters to Increase 99mTc Radioactive Concentration M.B. Febrian; Y. Setiadi; T.H.A. Wibawa
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The use of low activity concentration 99mTc would result in low-quality labeled compound for diagnostic purpose. The low activity concentration of labeled compound will alter biodistribution and lead to false imaging in diagnostic applications. Electrodeposition could be an alternative method for increasing the activity concentration of 99mTc solution. The influence of electrodeposition parameters such as electrolytes, concentration of electrolyte, and voltage and time of deposition were examined to find the optimum condition for electrodeposition. Electrolytes to be evaluated were NaNO2, Na-oxalate, NaOH, and NaCl. Concentration factor is defined by ratio of final against initial concentration of 99mTc. The quality assessment of 99mTc after electrodeposition was conducted by labeling test of methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and 1,4,8,11-tetraaza cyclotetradecyl-1,4,8,11-tetramethylene phosphonic acid (CTMP). The results showed that the addition of NaNO2 electrolyte gave the highest electrodeposition yield in comparison with Na-oxalate, NaOH, and NaCl, while the optimum concentration of electrolytes was 0.67 M. The optimum depostion voltage and duration were 7 V and 90 minutes, respectively. The electrodeposition yield was 96 % under optimized condition with a concentration factor of up to 7.96. In the quality assessment, MDP and CTMP were successfully labeled by concentrated 99mTc to give 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-CTMP labeled compounds with radiochemical purities of more than 95 %.Received: 2 November 2015; Revised: 14 July 2016; Accepted: 3 October 2016

Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 43 No 2 ack ack
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Simulation of Modified TRIGA-2000 with Plate-Type Fuel under LOFA Using EUREKA2/RR-Code S. Dibyo; K.S. Sudjatmi; S Sihana; Ign.D. Irianto
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The TRIGA-2000 research reactor in Bandung, Indonesia, has operated for over 50 years. Recently, the problem of fuel availability arises, since its fuel is no longer produced. A modification of reactor core with new plate-type fuel has been suggested. The study of the neutronic assessment of plate-type fuel elements reactor core had been done. The next assessment that needed to be done was thermal-hydraulic analysis. The purpose of this study is to simulate the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of major parameters, such as reactor power, fuel cladding temperature, and departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) due to LOFA transient, using EUREKA2/RR code. During steady-state condition, downward flow forced convection mode for core coolant system is operated. The upward flow occurs when the natural circulation mode takes place. Hottest core channels temperature during LOFA conditions was considered. The reactor core was modeled as three channels, i.e., the hottest channel, the average channel, and the channel for control assemblies, respectively. The simulation was based on the steady-state condition of 2 MWt reactor power, cooling mass flow rate of 63.5 kg/s,and inlet coolant temperature to the core of35.5°C. The result shows that the hottest fuel cladding temperature does not cause a nucleate boiling. During LOFA, the residual heat was removed by natural circulation flow that occurred slowly. In order to have larger inertia force, provision of the flywheel in the shaft of primary coolant pump is suggested.

Measurements of Residual Stresses in Cold-Rolled 304 Stainless Steel Plates Using X-Ray Diffraction with Rietveld Refinement Method P Parikin; P. Killen; A. Rafterry
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.45

The determination of the residual stresses using X-ray powder diffraction in a series of cold-rolled 304 stainless steel plates, deforming 0, 34, 84, 152, 158, 175 and 196 % reduction in thickness has been carried out. The diffraction data were analyzed using the Rietveld structure refinement method. The analysis shows that for all specimens, the martensite particles are closely in compression and the austenite matrix is in tension. Both the martensite and austenite, for a sample reducing 34% in thickness (containing of about 1% martensite phase) the average lattice strains are anisotropic and decrease approximately exponential with an increase in the corresponding percent reduction (essentially phase content). It is shown that this feature can be qualitatively understood by taking into consideration the thermal expansion mismatch between the martensite and austenite grains. Also, for all cold-rolled stainless steel specimens, the diffraction peaks are broader than the unrolled one (instrumental resolution), indicating that the strains in these specimens are inhomogeneous. From an analysis of the refined peak shape parameters, the average root-mean square strain, which describes the distribution of the inhomogeneous strain field, was predicted. The average residual stresses in cold-rolled 304 stainless steel plates showed a combination effect of hydrostatic stresses of the martensite particles and the austenite matrix.Received: 14 March 2008; Revised: 13 October 2008; Accepted: 6 November 2008

Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 2 cover cover
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Occupational and Patient Doses in Interventional Cardiology in Indonesia: A Preliminary Result E. Hiswara; K.H. Ng; H. Sofyan; D. Kartikasari; N. Nuraeni
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2019.862

Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that manages the catheter based treatment of structural heart illnesses. These minimally invasive procedures involve inserting catheters and other devices through superficial arterial and venous access sites. Due to increased reliability and advancing technology, the number and complexity of interventional cardiology procedures haves increased in recent years. The increasing complexity of the procedures, however, require longer fluoroscopic duration, leading to increased exposure time to ionizing radiation for the patient and also for the medical staff since they need to remain close to the patient throughout the procedure. This study attempts to investigate the occupational and patient doses during the course of several interventional cardiology procedures in Indonesia, i.e. CA, PCI, cathscan, PA, PTCA, TACE, PAC and peripheral vascular. Occupational doses were measured by using individually packed three chips of TLD-100 placed in over- and under-thyroid shield used by medical staff, over- and under-apron in waist position, inside a special ‘eye-D’ holder, and inside a ring holder, while patient doses were estimated by using individually packed three TLD-100 chips attached in the x-ray tube. All TLDs were calibrated in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) Jakarta. The study was performed in three big hospitals in the cities of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Semarang. The results show that PCI procedure was the most performed one during the course of this study and gave the highest radiation doses to the staff for all type of doses calculated and measured. The maximum effective doses, eye lens doses, extremity doses, thyroid doses and gonad/ovary doses were 0.098 mSv, 0.1967 mSv, 0.7604 mSv, 0.1760 mSv and 0.0990 mSv, respectively. In the case of patient doses, the mean value of DAP for PTCA procedure of 776.76 Gy cm2 was the highest compared with those for other procedures. The results of measurement for occupational doses were in general similar to those reported by other authors, but not for patient doses that was found to be 4-5 times higher. Due to the involving of various parameters during the course of interventional cardiology procedures, it was difficult to establish a correlation between the doses received by medical staff and by the patients.

Distribution of 137Cs Radionuclide in Industrial Wastes Effluents of Gresik, East Java, Indonesia Muslim Muslim; H. Suseno; F. Rafsani
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides 137Cs was measured from industrial waste effluent of Gresik to Gresik Sea in east Java, Indonesia. The activity of 37Cs detected at all stations was much lower than in northeast Japan both before and after NPP Fukushima accident. This indicated that in Gresik industrials waste did not consist of 137Cs. The lowest activity 137Cs occurred at the station nearest to the industrial waste effluent that contained some particle ions that were able to scavenge 137Cs and then precipate this radionuclide. Furthermore, the greatest 137Cs occured at the station that has high current speeds that stirred up sediment to release 137Cs in seawater as a secondary source. The lowest salinity did not effect on the activity of 137Cs even though the lowest salinity and activity 137Cs occured at the same station.Received: 04 October 2014; Revised: 09 March 2015; Accepted 23 March 2015

Page 14 of 46 | Total Record : 452

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