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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 452 Documents

10 11 12 13 14

Voice Classification Based on Fast Independent Component Analysis to Support Nuclear Power Plant Security R.F.S. Budi; S Suparman
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

National vital objects have important role in national development,so they require special protection. Nuclear power plant (NPP) is one of them. Access restriction is required to prevent the NPP from potential hazards. The restriction can be improved by using face, fingerprints, retina, iris, and voice password. The improvement will enhance the security of the NPP. This research has implemented pattern recognition and classification of voice passwords. The passwords were a, i, u, e, and o. The features vector was searched by using Fast ICA method while the pattern classification was performed by minimum Euclidean method. The purpose of this research is to recognize and classify those letter password, so people who have access to the nuclear area can be distinguished. The methodology of this research consists of input data, pre-processing data, feature extraction, and classification. Pre-processing was done by normalization, denoising, centering, and whitening. Feature extraction was performed by Fast ICA method, and classification was done by minimum Euclidean distance. The results show that Fast ICA and minimum Euclidean methods can 100 % distinguish between the employees who have access permit and those who have no access permit. When an employee with access permit says "aiueo”, it will be recognized as password, whereas when an employee with no access permit says the password, it will be recognized not as the password.

Neutronic and Thermal-Hydraulic Safety Analysis for the Optimization of the Uranium Foil Target in the RSG-GAS Reactor S. Pinem; T.M. Sembiring; P.H. Liem
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The G. A. Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor (Reaktor Serba Guna G.A. Siwabessy, RSG-GAS) has an average thermal neutron flux of 2×1014 neutron/(cm2 sec) at the nominal power of 30 MW. With such a high thermal neutron flux, the reactor is suitable for the production of Mo-99 which is widely used as a medical diagnostic radioisotope. This paper describes a safety analysis to determine the optimum LEU foil target by using a coupled neutronic and thermal-hydraulic code, MTR-DYN. The code has been developed based on the three-dimensional multigroup neutron diffusion theory. The best estimated results can be achieved by using a coupled neutronic and thermal-hydraulic code. The calculation results show that the optimum LEU foil target is 54 g corresponding to the reactivity change of less than the limit value of 500 pcm. From the safety analysis for the case when the primary flow rate decreased by 15% from its nominal value, it was found that the peak temperatures of the coolant and cladding are 69.5°C and 127.9°C, respectively. It can be concluded that the optimum LEU foil target can be irradiated safely without exceeding the limit value.Received: 10 December 2015; Revised: 2 August 2016; Accepted: 4 August 2016

Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 42 No 3 preface preface
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Biological Dosimetry Using Micronucleus Assay in Simulated Partial-Body Exposure to Ionizing Radiation S. Purnami; S. Nurhayati; M. Syaifudin; D. Ramadhani
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

In radiation accidents, it is common that only several parts of the body are exposed to radiation. As a consequence there is a mixture of exposed and unexposed lymphocytes in peripheral blood cells of the samples. This phenomenon will cause the dose value estimated using the exposed lymphocytes to be lower than the actual dose. In this study, an assessment of partial body exposures using micronucleus assay by estimating the partial body dose and fraction of irradiated blood was conducted. An optimal D0 value also has been determined in this study to estimate the fraction of irradiated cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from three healthy donors were irradiated in vitro with 2 Gy of X-rays. Partial radiation exposure was simulated by mixing the irradiated and non-irradiated blood in different proportions. The proportions of mixtures of blood samples irradiated in vitro were 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 %. Blood samples were then cultured and harvested based on micronuclei assay protocol. At least 2000 binucleated cells with well-preserved cytoplasm were scored for the MN frequency. Dose Estimate 5.1 software was used to calculate the dispersion index (σ2/y) and normalized unit of this index (U) in each proportion of bloods. The fractions of irradiated cells were calculated with CABAS (Chromosomal Aberration Calculation Software) for several different D0 values (2.7; 3.8; 5.4). The results showed that D0 value at 5.4 gave the closest results to the actual proportion of irradiated bloods, while for the dose estimation the estimated doses value from all proportions in all donors were higher than the actual dose. The factor that may cause this phenomenon was that the dose response calibration curve used to predict the radiation dose was not constructed in the laboratory used. Overall it can be concluded that a biodosimetry using MN assay can be used to estimate the radiation dose in partial body exposure. In order to establish a biodosimetry using MN analysis the dose-response calibration curve MN analysis should be constructed first in the laboratory used.

Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 43 No 3 cover cover
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Amino Acids Metabolism in the Muscle of Sheep fed with Mitchell Grass Hay Supplemented with Gliricidia sepium Y. Widiawati; M. Winugroho; E. Teleni
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Leaf of Gliricidia sepiumcontains high amino acid that required for protein synthesis in the muscle. Supplementation of the legume leaves to low quality basal diet would improves amino acids amount to obtain an optimum growth of animal. The aim of experiment was to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium leaves supplementation to low quality basal diet on protein synthesis in muscle of animal. Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups based on live weight (27.6 ± 1.72, 27.1 ± 2.26 and 27.5 ± 1.56 kg) of feed treatment, namely Mitchell grass hay (MG), Gliricidia (GS),and haycombined with Gliricidia (MGGS). All the dietwas offered with the amount was determined to meet the maintenance metabolizable energy (ME) requirement of the animals. Feed utilization and amino acid metabolism in muscle of sheep was measured with radioactively labeled leucine, water and sodium bicarbonate. Results indicated that sheepin MG group had a negative energy balance, whereas sheep in MGGS group had the highest amount of ME available for growth. The rate of protein synthesis was higher in the MGGS group and tended to take up these amino acids in their hind-limb muscles, while animalsin MG and GS groups tended to have net outputs of amino acids from their hind-limb muscles. Animals in the MGGS group synthesised more protein in their muscle than those in the GS and MG groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of Gliricidia at a ratio of 40:60improved feed utilization of low quality basal diet. The improvement would be manifested in better digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) with subsequent better utilization of amino acids.

Phosphate Solubilizing Study on the Determination of Inoculant Dose and Composition for Biofossi Fertilizer A. Citraresmini; E.T. Sofyan
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Phosphorus availability becomes a major problem on the productivity of soil and rice in Indonesia. Utilization of P source which has a slow release property is one of the solutions to these problems. Biofossi fertilizer is a natural phosphate organic fertilizer which is enriched with phosphate solubilizer bacteria (PSB), to improve the solubility of P and absorption by the plant so that P fertilization becomes more efficient. Experiment conducted on January 2015 at the experimental station of Agriculture Faculty-Padjadjaran University, Bandung, located in Ciparay, West Java. The aim of the experiment was to determine the PSB composition and its inoculation dose toward natural phosphate. Inoculum used was of Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp, which was injected to a carrier material. Through previous test results, the carrier used had a composition of 50 % peat + 28 % compost + 5 % humic acid + 2 % nutrition + 15 % rice husk. To test the dose of PSB inoculation, experimental design of factorial randomized complete block was applied. As the first factor was P2O5 content in the phosphate source, consisting of four levels as follows: (1) p0 = without P2O5 (as control); (2) p1 = 22 % P2O5 (163 kg ha-1 natural phosphate from Blora); (3) p2 = 26 % P2O5 (138 kg ha-1 natural phosphate from Morocco); (4) p3 = 36 % P2O5 (100 kg ha-1 SP-36 fertilizer). Second factor was the combination of dose and type of PSB inoculant, consisting of seven levels as follows: (1) b0 = without inoculation of PSB (as control); (2)b1 = Bacillus sp inoculant in the dose of 1 kg ha-1; (3)b2 = Bacillus sp inoculant in the dose of 2 kg ha-1; (4) b3 = Pseudomonas sp inoculant in the dose of 1 kg ha-1; (5)b4 = Pseudomonas sp inoculant in the dose of 2 kg ha-1; (6)b5 = Bacillus sp + Pseudomonas sp consortium in the dose of 1 kg ha-1; (7) b6 = Bacillus sp + Pseudomonas sp consortium in the dose of 2 kg ha-1. By using the 32P radioisotope techniques it was known that a consortium of bacteria Bacillus sp + Pseudomonas sp was capable of dissolving P on the treatment p0, as well as in the treatments p1, p2 and p3. In this treatment, some of the highest response was obtained, i.e. the grain dry weight, P uptake and P fertilizer efficiency.

Calculated Radioactivity Yields of Cu-64 from Proton-Bombarded Ni-64 Targets Using SRIM Codes I. Kambali
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 3 (2014): December 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The End-Of-Bombardment (EOB) Yields from 64Ni(p,n)64Cu nuclear reaction have been calculated for optimizing irradiation parameters that correspond to future 64Cu radionuclide production using the BATAN’s 26.5-MeV cyclotron in Serpong. Enriched Ni target thickness, proton beam current and irradiation time which play significant role in the success of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radionuclide were also discussed in this paper. For a 26.5-MeV proton beam, the optimum target thickness for 64Cu production was nearly 1.5 mm with yields up to 560 mCi/µA.hr at the end of the irradiation. The comparisons with some selected experimental data indicated that the much-lower-than-expected EOB yields were mainly due to incorrect target thickness prepared for the irradiation. Nevertheless, these calculations were in good agreement with the previous predicted data with a maximum difference of less than 10%. The discrepancies were mostly due to different cross-section data employed in the calculations.Received: 23 October 2014; Revised: 24 December 2014; Accepted: 27 December 2014

Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Effects on the Hematological Parameters of Radiation-Exposed Workers H.N.E. Surniyantoro; T. Rahardjo; Y. Lusiyanti; N. Rahajeng; A.H. Sadewa; P. Hastuti; H. Date
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 2 (2019): August 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation may adversely affect human cells and tissues of hospital radiation workers, especially peripheral blood cell count. Blood cell count analysis is a useful screening test in a routine medical checkup. A high or low blood cells count even in a healthy-looking subject leads to the suspicion of disease and it should prompt further investigations. This study was aimed to assess the effects of ionizing radiation on the hematological parameters of radiation workers at several governmental hospitals in Indonesia and correlation between years of employment and equivalent dose on one hand and the hematological parameters on the other. It included 74 medical radiation workers occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation at the Unit of Radiology and Radiotherapy and 83 controls. Fourteen hematological parameters were measured by ABX Micros 60 Hematology analyzer and the correlation between years of employment and equivalent doseas well as hematological parameters on radiation-exposed workers were tested by linear regression analysis test. Our study reported that red blood cell and monocyte counts were significantly higher in radiation-exposed workers compared to controls, whereas white blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and lymphocytes values were significantly lower in radiation-exposed workers. A significant correlation was observed between equivalent dose and red blood cells (RBCs) parameter (P=0.001) with a decline in RBC level of 0.541×106/µL per 1 mSv increase of radiation dose. The present study recommends that further studies shoulduse a larger sample size and include various independent variables (genetic polymorphism, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency) to study the long-term effects of low-dose radiation exposure on radiation-exposed workers.

Evaluation of Mungbean Mutant Lines to Drought Stress and Their Genetic Relationships Using SSR Markers Y Yuliasti; R Reflinur
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Development of mungbean cultivarstolerant to drought stress through mutation breeding approach would enable us to anticipate the crop yield-reducing effects of climate changes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield performance of mungbean mutant lines that showed tolerance to drought stress, and to analyze their genetic diversity and relationship among mutant lines using SSR markers. The study was conducted during the dry season of 2012 in the Muneng experimental farm, Probolinggo, East Java. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Five mutant lines and two parental lines as control were tested for evaluation of yield and drought tolerance under twoenvironments of two irrigation systems as treatment. The two environmental conditions consisted of optimal irrigation (at least three times: at planting, flowering and during pod filling) and suboptimal irrigation (two times at planting and flowering). To evaluate genetic variation among selected mutant lines and their discrimination from parental lines in molecular level, a cluster analysis was performed using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) in the NTSYS software. The results showed that three mutant lines, including PsJ30, PsJ31, PsJ32 produced the highest grain yields of 1.17, 1.01, and 1.04 ton/ha, respectively, compared to the other mutant lines and the parents Gelatik (0.85 ton/ha) and Perkutut (0.87 ton/ha) as control check. Of those mutant lines, PSJ31 was the most tolerant to drought with sensitivity index value of 0.47. The PSJ31 has now been officially released as a new variety ( 2013), named as Muri which was identified to have high yield and tolerant to drought. Based on 23 SSR markers used for clustering analysis of those 3 selected mutant lines,9SSR markers (MBSS R033; satt137; MBSSR008; MBSSR203; MBSSR013; MBSSR021; MBSSR016; MBSSR136; and DMBSSR013) were successfully identified the three mungbean mutant lines. Taken together, we have succeeded at develop and evaluate three elite mutant breeding lines which are valuable resources for genetic variation in mungbean. The genetic variation information of mungbean at molecular level potentially provides room for recombinants which are essential for the development of a new superior variety in mungbean improvement.Received: 04 October 2014; Revised: 04 June 2015; Accepted: 16 June 2015

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