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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 452 Documents

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Investigation on the Performance of a Wickless-Heat Pipe Using Graphene Nanofluid for Passive Cooling System M.H. Kusuma; N. Putra; A. Rosidi; S. Ismarwanti; A.R. Antariksawan; T. Ardiyati; M. Juarsa; T.M.I. Mahlia
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

To enhance the thermal safety in case of station blackout, a wickless-heat pipe is proposed as an alternative passive cooling system technology to remove decay heat generation in the nuclear spent fuel storage pool. The objectives of this research are to investigate the heat transfer phenomena in vertical straight wickless-heat pipe using Graphene nanofluid working fluid and to study the effect of Graphene nanofluid on the vertical straight wickless-heat pipe thermal performance. The investigation was conducted in 6 meters height and 0.1016 m inside diameter of vertical straight wickless-heat pipe. In this research, the Graphene nanofluid with 1 % of weight concentration was used as working fluid. The effect of working fluid filling ratio, evaporator heat load, and coolant volumetric flow rate on the water jacket were studied. The results showed that the heat transfer phenomena, which were indicated by an overshoot, zigzag, and stable state, were observed. Based on thermal resistance obtained, it was shown that the vertical straight wickless-heat pipe charged with the Graphene nanofluid has a lower thermal resistance compared to one with demineralized water. The thermal resistance of vertical straight wickless-heat pipe using Graphene nanofluid and demineralized water were 0.015 °C/W and 0.016 °C/W, respectively. While the best thermal performance was achieved at a filing ratio of 80 %, higher heat load, and higher coolant volumetric flow rate. It can be concluded that Graphene nanofluid could enhance the thermal performance of vertical straight wickless-heat pipe.

First Magnon of BATAN’s Neutron Triple-Axis Spectrometer I. Sumirat
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 2 (2016): August 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) has one dedicated spectrometer for inelastic neutron scattering experiments. The instrument is a thermal neutron triple-axis spectrometer known as SN1. SN1 was installed in 1992 in the experimental hall of G. A. Siwabessy Research Reactor, Serpong, Banten. Malfunctions of the hardware and software have prevented the instrument from performing inelastic scattering measurements since 1996. The 2011-2015 five years project has been initiated to revitalize and optimize the SN1. The project serves as a preparation for the utilization of SN1 for the investigation of lattice dynamics, spin wave and magnetic excitations in condensed matters that will be started in 2016. In 2013, SN1 has successfully been repaired and was able to measure phonon dispersion relation of available single crystals, i.e., Cu, pyrolytic graphite (PG), Ge, and Al. In 2015, the first experiment on magnetic excitation to investigate magnon dispersion relation of a known Fe single crystal has been carried out. Standard methods of inelastic scattering measurements, i.e., a constant-energy transfer hω with either fixed final neutron energy Ef = 14.7 meV or fixed incoming neutron energy Ei = 30.59 meV, and a constant momentum transfer Q with fixed incoming neutron energy Ei = 30.59 meV, were applied to measure the low-energy magnetic excitations. For fixed Ef measurement, a 5-cm thick PG filter was set between the sample and the analyzer to eliminate λ/n harmonics. To limit the energy and momentum spreads of the beam, collimations of 40 minutes were applied before and after the sample. The spin waves were measured along the three principal symmetry directions of [00ζ], [ζζ0], and [ζζζ]. The measured magnons were compared to values in reference and were found to be in a good agreement with them. With such accomplishments, we are convinced that SN1 is now ready for its inelastic scattering application and will become one of BATAN’s neutron instrument which is routinely utilized for materials characterization on lattice dynamics and magnetic excitations by local and foreign scientists. Besides reporting the SN1 first measured magnon, the current status of SN1 instrument development will also be presented briefly.Received: 31 October 2015; Revised:27 April 2016; Accepted: 30 April 2016

Uptake and Cytotoxicity Characterization of Radioiodine in MCF-7 and SKBR3 Breast Cancer Cell Lines A. Elliyanti; V.Y. Susilo; S. Setiyowati; M. Ramli; J.S. Masjhur; T.H. Achmad
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Radioiodine is an effective and low-risk therapy modality in well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients post near-total thyroidectomy. Extra thyroidal tumors such as breast cancer are known to be able to uptake radioiodine. The aim of this study was to analyze the uptake, efflux and cytotoxicity of radioiodine for two molecular types of breast cancer cell lines. Two types of breast cancer cell lines were used in this study, MCF-7 (luminal A type) and SKBR3 (HER2 type). The HaCaT cell line was used as normal cells. Iodine-125 (I-125)was used to measured radioiodine uptake and efflux. Clonogenic assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of iodine-131 (I-131) based on the tested cell reproductive ability. The radioiodine uptake in SKBR3cells was found to be higher than that of MCF-7 and HaCaT cells atp<0.05. The reproductive ability of MCF-7 cells are lower than SKBR3 cells at p<0.05. Both breast cancer cells have lessreproduction ability than HaCaT cells at p<0.05. Both types of breast cancer cells present the ability to uptake radioiodine and show a high sensitivity to radioiodine exposure. Normal cells also demonstrate an ability to uptake radioiodine. However, they have a better tolerance to the amount of I-131 exposure. These findings could potentially lead to the use if I-131 for ablative therapy in breast cancer, similiar to its use in the treatment of thyroid cancer.Received: 4 October 2015; Revised: 14 August 2016; Accepted: 2 September 2016

Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 43 No 1 cover cover
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

In Vitro Infectivity Study of Cryopreserved Irradiated Intraerythrocytic Form of Plasmodium falciparum S. Nurhayati; T. Rahardjo; D Darlina; D. Tetriana; T. Kisnanto; M. Syaifudin; D. Ramadhani
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

In control human malaria infection studies using irradiated Plasmodium falciparum, the cell bank of irradiated P. falciparum infected erythrocytes is needed. The cell banking methods represent an obvious way to obtain suitable material for blood stage Plasmodium. In a cell bank development of irradiated Plasmodium infected erythrocytes, the ability to cryopreserve procedure of Plasmodium is important to recover the infectivity of irradiated Plasmodium. This study aims at evaluating the in vitro infectivity of cryopreserved irradiated intra-erythrocytic form P. falciparum. A protein profile investigation using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of cryopreserved P. falciparum also conducted in this study to know the cryopreserved effect on the protein of irradiated P. falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum of 3D7 strain in human erythrocytes was maintained in invitro continuous culture. When the percentage of parasites was 10-20%, the culture was harvested and irradiated with gamma rays at a dose of 175 Gy. Irradiated P. falciparum then was mixed with cryopreserved solution and stored in -80 °C for one hour before transferred into liquid nitrogen for 20, 40 and 60 days. After being stored the irradiated P. falciparum was thawed and cultured for 20 days. The percentage of parasitaemia was enumerated by examining Giemsa stained thin blood films prepared for 20 days after initiation of culture. Results showed that storage time significantly (p<0.05) influence the percentage of parasitaemia. The cooling procedure and cryopreservation media may affect this study results. It also showed that there was insignificant difference of P. falciparum protein profile in all storage times. Overall it can be assumed that the irradiated P. falciparum still kept their infectivity after stored in liquid nitrogen for 60 days. Further study using different cooling procedure and different formula of cryopreservation media with a longer storage time should be conduct to validate this study results.

Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Properties of La0.5Ba0.5CoO2.75+x Z. Tan; P. Miao; Y. Ishikawa; M. Hagihala; S. Lee; S. Torii; M. Yonemura; T. Kamiyama
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Hole doping to the Co3+ ion in cobaltite perovskites can significantly modify the electromagnetic properties. We prepared the hole-doped cobaltite perovskites La0.5Ba0.5CoO2.75+x (x = 0.06 and x = 0.15). Neutron powder diffraction and dc-magnetization experiments were performed to investigate the crystal structure and magnetic properties. We found that both of the samples have the cubic crystal structure with space group Pmm in all the measured temperatures. Ferromagnetic transition occurs at 160K in x = 0.15 sample. For x = 0.06, we found the short-range ordered ferromagnetic state and a long-range ordered antiferromagnetic state coexist in low temperature.

Shielding Design for the PGNAA Experimental Facility at Kartini Reactor T. Sutondo; S Syarip
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Two steps of preliminary study had been conducted in conjunction with the design of a PGNAA experimental facility at Kartini reactor, i.e. beam characterization of the existing beam ports to select one going to be used and the collimator design at the selected beam port. This paper presents the results of the following study concerning with the radiation shielding design at the outer area, in front of the beam port exit, where the experiments will be conducted. MCNPX was used for the purpose of simulations, which included the design of neutron beam catcher and the outer shield. Based on the assumed source terms, the materials being used, and the geometrical arrangements, it is concluded that by using paraffin of 60 cm thickness for the beam catcher and 50 cm for the concrete of the outer shield would be sufficient to reduce the radiation dose below the maximum recommended limit.

Temperature and Stretching Effects on Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) Conformation and Stability of Nimotuzumab F(ab)-Fragment T.S. Humani; M.A. Martoprawiro; A. Mutalib
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb), a potential anticancer against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)overexpressed by glioma, head and neck, lung, ovarium, and colon cancers. The combination of its use with both external and internal beam radiotherapies showed improvement of the therapeutic effect. However, the high molecular weight slows its uptake on tumor cells. In a recent development, nimotuzumab has been fragmented and then labeled using diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides, such as gallium-68, yttrium-90, lutetium-177, and holmium-166. In that preparation, nimotuzumab is often conditioned in various environments with variations of pH, temperature and the presence of other compounds. In this research, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation have been carried out to study the CDRs conformational change of nimotuzumab due to the effect of temperature, and also steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation to study the stability of nimotuzumab domain as a result of external forces. The simulations were performed using the Not Just Another Molecular Dynamics (NAMD) program package and the analysis was performed with the Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) program package. Based on the stability analysis of each residue on the heavy chain, the active site (CDR3 region) that is at residues numbered 98 (Tryptophan) and 99 (Phenylalanine) has the highest conformational changes. On the light chain, the change occurs at residues numbered 1 (Aspartat), 127 (Serin), and 186 (Tyrosine); and that none of that residues is part of active site or CDRs region of the light chain. The SMD simulation was carried out by fixing the N-terminal end of the heavy chain and applying external forces to the C-terminal end. The pulling was set at a constant velocity of 0.5 Å/ps. The force peak arising at the beginning of the unfolding process is 1226 pN. This force was allegedly caused by the rupture of hydrogen bonds between the heavy chain residue VAL211 (Valine) and the heavy chain residue TYR194 (Tyrosine).Received: 04 October 2014; Revised: 13 March 2015; Accepted 23 March 2015

Assessment of Human Milk Intake by Breastfed Infants Using Deuterium Oxide Dose-to-Mother Technique in “Tumbuh Kembang Anak” Cohort, Indonesia E.K. Winarno; H. Winarno; S Susanto; T. Fajarwati; T. Thomas
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Indonesia government has done the WHO recomendation that the infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimum growth, development and health. Nevertheless, the percentage of exclusive breastfed infants have not achieved the target yet and has not been scientifically quantified. The objective of the study is to measure the intake of human milk of Indonesian infants during first 6 months and to record the breastfeeding practices of mothers. Thirty healthy mother-infant pairs were recruited randomly for the cross-sectional study at “TumbuhKembangAnak” cohort in Bogor. Milk intake to the infant was measured using the deuterium oxide technique over 14 days. The interviews were done by members of team using the questionnaire to get the information on breastfeeding practice of respondents. The results showed that intake of human milk was 784 ± 117g.d-1 (mean ± SD), 787 ± 180 g.d-1 for infants 3 and 6 moths of age. It showed that the milk intake were not different between 3 and 6 months. The body composition of mothers, age, or parityhad no effects on milk intake of infants, education of mothers (3 months aged, P = 0.061, r = -0.097 and 6 months, P = 0.616, r = -0.095), infants of3 months aged, P = 0.200, r = -0.290 and 6 months, P = -0.078, r = 0.684). Body mass index of mother (P < 0.05, r = 0.963) were correlated with the milk intake. About 53 % of the lactating mothers started breastfeeding within less than one hour of delivery. Breast-milk intake of the Indonesian infants were documented using deuterium oxide-to-the-mother technique.In the current study concluded that the exclusive breastfeeding practices with 30 pairs of mother-infant still shows that the conditions of exclusive breastfeeding practices have not been properly adhered to by mothers who deliver babies. It is recommended that "mother and baby health officer" in Indonesia are increasingly promoting in order mothers in urban and rural areas to breastfeed exclusively for up to 6 months

Studies of Modification of Zeolite by Tandem Acid-Base Treatments and its Adsorptions Performance Towards Thorium G. Nurliati; Y.K. Krisnandi; R. Sihombing; Z. Salimin
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 2 (2015): August 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Hierarchical zeolite was prepared from natural zeolite using tandem acid-base treatments and applied as adsorbent for Th(IV) removal. Natural zeolite occurred naturally as microporous material. It was modified using two familiar methods simultaneously, dealumination and desilication techniques, to change its micropore size into hierarchical pores.. Extensive characterization of both natural and modified zeolites were conducted using XRD, BET, SEM-EDS, and AAS. XRD Patterns of raw, pre-treated , and acid-base tandem modified zeolites show that the modification process has not changed the crystal properties of this material. However, the Si/Al ratio is increased from 6.688 to 11.401 for Na-zeolite (NaZ) and modified zeolite, ZA2B respectively. The surface area is increased from 125.4 m2/g (NaZ) to 216.8 m2/g (ZA2B), indicative of the creation of mesopore in addition to naturally micropore structure. The application of these zeolite materials as adsorbent were carried out using solution of 50 ppm Th4+measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The UV-Vis result shows that the modified zeolite (ca. 10 mg) has higher adsorption capacity than natural zeolite. The adsorption process does not fit into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and the adsorption capacity of this material increase from 909 mg/g to 2000 mg/g for NaZ and ZA2B respectively.Received: 26 January 2015; Revised: 20 May 2015: Accepted 21 May 2015

Page 13 of 46 | Total Record : 452

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