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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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Preparation and Characterization of γ-AgI in Superionic Composite Glasses (AgI)x(AgPO3)1-x S. Suminta; E. Kartini; T. Sakuma
Atom Indonesia Vol 33, No 2 (2007): July 2007
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2007.110

Abstract

The γ-AgI phase was stabilized at room temperature in the composites glasses (AgI)x(AgPO3)1-x with x = 0.6 and 0.7 via rapid quenching of their molten mixture. The measurement of the crystal structure has been carried out using an X-ray Difractometer at the Physics Departement of Ibaraki University, Japan. The micro strain and crystal size are derived from Hall’s equation. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows some Bragg peaks that correspond to the crystalline γ-AgI. By increasing the concentration of AgI, the peak width becomes more narrow and the position shifts to the higher angle. This indicates that the crystalline size and microstrain are increasing. The increase of micro strain (η), and particle size (D) will increase the ionic mobility, thus increasing the ionic conductivity. It is concluded that solidification process on melt AgI into glass matrix AgPO3 not only decreases the micro strain and the particle size, but it also increases the ionic conductivity.
Characterization of The Heat Transfer on Spray Quenching for Different Material Properties S Sabariman; E. Specht
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.947

Abstract

A broad range of water spray applications as a means of two-phase cooling scheme has encouraged researches in the thermal management system to support safety and process efficiency in industries. In the application of above saturation temperature, the cooling process follows the boiling curve where the dissipated heat flux is figured out as a function of the wall temperature. Knowledge on constructing the boiling curve is an essential part in order to define the moving boundary, and boundary value problems occur in metal cooling process analysis involving heat transfer and phase change. The objective of the research was to characterize the boiling parameters on different materials in the regime of film boiling, transition boiling, and nucleate boiling as the basis for its boiling curve construction. To explain the influence of material properties, this work is featuring, firstly, the calculated vapor film thickness in film boiling regime by promoting self-developed analytical model of single droplet and, secondly, the calculated boiling width which indicates a strong combination of surface temperature and heat flux observed as the boiling phenomena. This is obtained by calculating the propagation of wetting front and 100 oC points. This experimental work employed a volumetric spray flux of 4.2, 10 and 13.7 kg/m2s to cool a hot metal samples of aluminum alloy AA6082 and nickel heated up to 560 °C. An infrared camera was used to record the temperature drop over time. Heat flux calculation follows the numerical procedure according to 1D energy balance model. Calculated vapor film thickness explains why the HTC tends to increase with the decrease of the surface temperature. Leidenfrost and Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) temperatures are found to be inversely proportional to the heat penetration coefficient of the metal while maximum heat flux and boiling width increase with it.
The Preliminary Prototype of Medium Dose Rate Brachytherapy Equipment A. Satmoko; T. Harjanto; I.M. Putra; Kristiyanti Kristiyanti
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2013): August 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.234

Abstract

A preliminary prototype of a brachytherapy equipment has been constructed. The work started by developing conceptual design, followed by basic design and detailed design. In the conceptual design, design requirements are stated. In the basic design, technical specifications for main components are determined. In detailed design, general drawings are discussed. The prototype consists of three main systems: a mechanical system, an instrumentation system, and a safety system. The mechanical system assures the movement mechanism of the isotope source position beginning from the standby position until the applicators. It consists of three main modules: a position handling module, a container module, and a channel distribution module. The position handling module serves to move the isotope source position. As shielding, the second module is to store the source when the equipment is in standby position. The prototype provides 12 output channels.  The channel selection is performed by the third module. The instrumentation system controls the movement of source position by handling motor operations. It consists of several modules. A microcontroller module serves as a control center whose task includes both controlling motors and communicating with computer. A motor module serves to handle motors. 10 sensors, including their signal conditionings, are introduced to read the environment conditions of the equipment. LEDs are used to display these conditions. In order to facilitate the operators’ duty, communication via RS232 is provided. The brachytherapy equipment can therefore be operated by using computer. Interface software is developed using C# language. To complete both mechanical and instrumentation systems performance, a safety system is developed to make sure that the safety for operator and patients from receiving excessive radiation. An interlock system is introduced to guard against abnormal conditions. In the worst case, a manual intervention by the operator is provided when all other means are failing to store the isotope source into the safe container. The tests showed good results. The prototype can send the isotope source to applicators. The isotope source can be positioned with an accuracy of  ± 0.5 mm and with a speed of 550 mm/second. These characteristics meet the design criteria.Received: 16 January 2013; Revised: 26 August 2013; Accepted: 29 August 2013
The Mechanism of Mg2Al3 Formation by Mechanical Alloying H. Suwarno; W.A. Adi; A. Insani
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.44

Abstract

Synthetic and characterization of the Mg2Al3 formation by mechanical alloying have been carried out using a high energy ball milling process. Mechanical alloying is a technique of solid state reactions among two or more metals to form a new alloy through the deformation properties of the metals. The Mg2Al3 alloy was formed by milling the individual constituents using a high energy ball milling under the varied milling time of 10, 20 and 30 h. The refinement results on the x-ray diffraction analysis show that the observation and calculation are fit to each other. After milling for 10, 20 and 30 h the mixed Mg and Al metals are converted into Mg2Al3 at the composition of 71.82, 90.73 and 96.19 wt%. It is concluded that the Mg2Al3 alloy can be performed by high energy mechanical alloying after 30 h of milling. The mechanism of the Mg2Al3 formation is discussed. Received: 14 August 2008; Revised:12 November 2008; Accepted: 11 December 2008
Design and Development of Hand and Foot Contamination Monitor F. Akter; F. Hafiz; M.A.S. Haque; M. Hoq; M. Hasan
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 2 (2014): August 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.276

Abstract

A hand and foot contamination monitor is a health physics instrument to provide detection and measurement of beta-gamma contamination on the palm of each hand and on the bottom surface of both feet/shoes. There are four channels of detection for two hands and two feet. Four G-M detectors have been used in a single unit to cover the whole area of hand and feet. A regulated high voltage DC power supply (900 V) has been designed using the PIC12F675 microcontroller to operate the pancake Geiger-Müller detectors. The reading is displayed on a linearly scaled 0-100 Bq/cm2 analog panel meter. The monitor detects beta–gamma radiation emitted by radioactive materials, and if the detected value exceeds a preset level, the monitor sounds an alarm and displays a reading in the respective panel meter. Indicator lamps are used to show the status of contamination. The performance of the system has been tested by using pulse generator and by flat surface radioactive calibration sources. Electronic linearity, detection efficiency, response to the contamination, calibration factor and percentage of error has been measured. Test results were satisfactory and the present system can be used instead of similar imported instruments. Received: 21 May 2014; Revised: 21 August 2014; Accepted: 22 August 2014
Degradation of Standard Dyes and Textile Wastewater as a Pollutant Model Using Gamma Radiation A. Sumartono
Atom Indonesia Vol 34, No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2008.85

Abstract

A degradation and a decoloration of textile wastewater using ionizing radiation are already applied which some factors influence i.e. original wastewater, pH, pollutant concentration, solubility and variation of polutant. A dyes standard had been treated using ionizing radiation and the mechanism degradation will be discussed. The percentage of the dye degradation about 90-99% at doses of 2-10 kGy. The degradation of textile wastewater using gamma radiation is was carried out at doses of 25 kGy. The combination of irradiation and the addition of coagulant caused the decoloration and the degradation of the textile wastewater.
Effect of Heating Treatment on Synthetic Ceric Oxide as Inorganic Resin for Immobilization of Cadmium-(II) S Soenarjo; C Wijaya; R Elzan; Sriyono Sriyono
Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 1 (2005): January 2005
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.124

Abstract

The immobilization of cadmium-(II) following nuclear reaction of 114Cd (n,γ) 115Cd → 115mIn or 112Cd (p,2n) 111In is absolutely needed concerning to the quality of resulting radioisotope products and the efficiency of enriched target utilization. This presented study is based on hypothesis that heating treatment on synthetic ceric oxide resin will increase the binding capacity of Cd(II) over the resin. The aim of the presented study is to gain more experimental data supporting utilization of synthetic ceric oxide resin as separating agent in production of indium radioisotopes using enriched cadmium targets. Experiments in cold system using natural cadmium, instead of high-enriched cadmium, have been carried out, wherein a method of UV-spectrophotometry was performed for quantitative determination of Cd(II). It was found that the synthesized ceric oxide dried at 90 - 100°C was in form of hydrate compound formulated as CeO2.q H2O where q = (0.8868 ± 0.0026). The value of q descended to 0.1706 and to 0.0400 as influenced by heating treatment up to 400°C and 800°C respectively along with a change on the crystallinity of the ceric oxide from semi crystalline to purely crystalline. The binding capacity of Cd(II) on ceric oxide dried at 90 – 100°C was found to be (4.71 ± 0.08) × 10-2 mg Cd(II)/mg resin and significantly increased to (11.71 ± 0.24) × 10-2 and to (14.70 ± 0.17) × 10-2 mg Cd(II)/mg resin due to heating treatment up to 400°C and 800°C respectively. It can be concluded that the synthetic ceric oxide resin enable to be exploited for immobilization of Cd(II).
Synthesis of 125I Labeled Estradiol-17β-Hemisuccinate and Its Binding Study to Estrogen Receptors Using Scintillation Proximity Assay Method Y. Susilo; G. Mondrida; S. Setiyowati; Sutari Sutari; Triningsih Triningsih; W. Lestari; P. Widayati; C.N. Ardiyatno; A. Ariyanto; S. Darwati; L.B.S. Kardono; A. Yanuar
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 3 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.175

Abstract

Research was carried out to obtain a selective ligand which strongly bind to estrogen receptors through determination of binding affinity of estradiol-17β-hemisuccinate. Selectivity of these compounds for estrogen receptor was studied using Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) method. Primary reagents required in the SPA method including radioligand and receptor, the former was obtained by labeling of estradiol-17β-hemisuccinate with 125I, while MCF7 was used as the receptor. The labeling process was performed by indirect method via two-stage reaction. In this procedure, first step was activation of estradiol-17β-hemisuccinate using isobutylchloroformate and tributylamine as a catalist, while labeling of histamine with 125I was carried out using chloramin-T method to produce 125I-histamine. The second stage was conjugation of activated estradiol-17β-hemisuccinate with 125I-histamine. The product of estradiol-17β-hemisuccinate labeled 125I was extracted using toluene. Furtherly, the organic layer was purified by TLC system. Characterization of estradiol-17β-hemisuccinate labeled 125I from this solvent extraction was carried out by determining its radiochemical purity and the result was obtained using paper electrophoresis and TLC were 79.8% and 84.4% respectively. Radiochemical purity could be increased when purification step was repeated using TLC system, the result showed up to 97.8%. Determination of binding affinity by the SPA method was carried out using MCF7 cell lines which express estrogen receptors showed the value of Kd at 7.192 x 10-3 nM and maximum binding at 336.1 nM. This low value of Kd indicated that binding affinity of estradiol-17β-hemisuccinate was high or strongly binds to estrogen receptor.Received: 04 December 2012; Revised: 19 December 2012; Accepted: 21 December 2012
Crystallite Size and Microstrain Measurement of Cathode Material after Mechanical Milling using Neutron Diffraction Technique A. Fajar; Gunawan Gunawan; E. Kartini; H. Mugirahardjo; M. Ihsan
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 3 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.27

Abstract

The measurements of neutron diffraction patterns of commercially product and 10 hour mechanically milled cathode material lithium cobaltites (LiCoO2) have been performed. Rietveld analysis using FullProf does not show the change of crystal structure due to milling process, but the diffraction pattern has a lower intensity and the diffraction-line was broadening. The results of line-broadening study on milled sample using Rietveld methods detected that the microstrain was occurred in the sample with value 0.127080(35) % and the average crystallite size was 424.78(20) Å.Received: 7 October 2010; Revised: 31 October 2010; Accepted: 1 November 2010
Radiometric Mapping for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) Assessment in Mamuju, West Sulawesi H. Syaeful; I.G. Sukadana; A. Sumaryanto
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.263

Abstract

Mamuju has been known to have high radiation dose rate which is comes from NORM in rock and soil. Major concern is due to its location which is near inhabitant settlement area. Preliminary research has been done by environmental team which is limited to main access road only, while some remote area has left untouched. The purpose of the research is to delineate the location and distribution of thorium and uranium anomaly in Mamuju, and also to provide adequate information regarding the anomaly and high dose rate area to decision makers and stakeholders in neither local nor central government. Method applied is radiometric mapping using spectrometer RS-125 with NaI(Tl) detector in the area of interest Geological Formation of Adang Volcanic, which is more than 800 square km in size. The radiometric mapping method is widely used in uranium/thorium exploration, and now has been added with the measurement of radiation dose rate which is appropriate to environmental surveys. The mapping has been successfully delineated the area of NORM or the area with thorium and uranium anomaly. Thorium and uranium anomaly identified related with multi-geological-process resulting the increase of grade into several fold from its original state.Received: 08 November 2013; Revised: 20 February 2014; Accepted: 10 March 2014

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