Atom Indonesia Journal
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology
Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December
The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Articles
452 Documents
<![CDATA[On-line Diagnosing on Trayed Column of Etylene Plant Using Gamma Ray Scanning ]]>
<![CDATA[S. Sugiharto]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 3 (2012): December 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.179
<![CDATA[Nuclear based technology called gamma scanning technique found its application for troubleshooting and diagnosing industrial process performance. The success of application of the gamma scanning technique is attributed to its unique ability in providing information which is cannot be obtained by any other techniques. One of the most prominent advantages of the gamma scanning technique was demonstrated by implementing this technology for scanning caustic/water wash tower DA 202 which was running in normal condition of operation. The DA 202 tower is trayed column having diameter of 4.2 m and height of 40 m. The scanning work has been performed using 70 mCi 60Co isotope as gamma emitter and scintillation detector as radiation counter to investigate condition of ten trays, starting from tray # 13 at elevation of 35050 mm to tray # 4 at elevation of 26950 mm above ground level. Scan data show that all trays were in their position. Tray # 4 to tray #10 were functioned properly and carried approximately the same amount of liquid. Light flooding on tray # 11 and heavy flooding on tray # 12 were identified. Partial flooding was identified on tray # 13. Further examination at the time of shutdown it was found that the liquid flooding on tray # 12 was caused by presence of a bucket covered with solidified mud. Received: 05 December 2011; Revised: 17 December 2012; Accepted: 18 December 2012]]>
<![CDATA[Diffraction Plane Dependence of Micro Residual Stresses in Uniaxially Extended Carbon Steels ]]>
<![CDATA[T. Hanabusa]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Shiro]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Refai]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Nishida]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 3 (2010): December 2010 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.31
<![CDATA[In the stress measurement using X-ray or neutron diffraction, an elastic anisotropy as well as a plastic anisotropy of crystal must be carefully considered. In the X-ray and neutron diffraction stress measurement for polycrystalline materials, a particular {hkl} plane is used in measuring lattice strains. The dependence of an X-ray elastic constant on a diffraction plane is a typical example caused by an elastic anisotropy of the crystal. The yield strength and the work hardening rate of a single crystal depend on a crystallographic direction of the crystal. The difference in the yield strength and the work hardening rate relating to the crystallographic direction develops different residual stresses measured on each {hkl} diffraction after plastic deformation of a polycrystalline material. The present paper describes the result of the neutron stress measurement on uniaxially extended low and middle carbon steels. A tri-axial residual stress state developed in the extended specimens was measured on different kind of {hkl} diffraction plane. The measurement on the {110}, {200} and {211} diffraction showed that residual stresses increased with increasing the plastic elongation and the residual stresses on {110} were compressive, {200} were tensile and those on {211} were the middle of the former two planes. Received: 30 September 2010; Revised: 28 October 2010; Accepted: 1 November 2010]]>
<![CDATA[Reliability Study of the AP1000 Passive Safety System by Fuzzy Approach ]]>
<![CDATA[J.H. Purba]]>;
<![CDATA[D.T. Sony Tjahyani]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 2 (2014): August 2014 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.271
<![CDATA[The Westinghouse AP1000 is a new design nuclear power plant which has implemented the concept of passive system. Even though a passive system may be more reliable than an active one, the possibility of the passive system to fail still exists. In line with this possibility, generic database have been used to study the reliability of the AP1000 passive safety system. However, since the used data are not specific to the AP1000, the results of the analysis will not show its real performance. This study proposes a fuzzy reliability approach to overcome this problem. The proposed fuzzy reliability approach utilizes the concept of failure possibility to qualitatively describe basic event likely occurences and membership functions of triangular fuzzy numbers to quantitatively represent qualitative failure possibilities. A case-based experiment on reliability study of the AP1000 passive safety system involved to mitigate a large break loss of collant accident is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach. By comparisons, probabilities of basic events generated by the proposed approach are very close to the ones which have been used by previous reliability studies. This can be observed from the small numbers of relative errors, i.e. between 0.004125 and 0.079635. These results confirm that the fuzzy reliability approach offers a more realistic technique to study the reliability of the AP1000 passive safety system without the need to engage to precise probability distributions of its components which are currently unavailable. Received: 08 November 2013; Revised: 28 May 2014; Accepted: 02 June 2014]]>
<![CDATA[Responses of Soybean Mutant Lines to Aluminium under In Vitro and In Vivo Condition ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuliasti Yuliasti]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudarsono Sudarsono]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.80
<![CDATA[The main limited factors of soybean plants expansion in acid soil are Aluminium (Al) toxicity and low pH. The best approach to solve this problem is by using Al tolerance variety. In vitro or in vivo selections using selective media containing AlCl3 and induced callus embryonic of mutant lines are reliable methods to develop a new variety. The objectives of this research are to evaluate response of soybean genotypes against AlCl3 under in vitro and in vivo condition. Addition of 15 part per million (ppm) AlCl3 into in vitro and in vivo media severely affected plant growth. G3 soybean mutant line was identified as more tolerant than the control soybean cultivar Tanggamus. This mutant line was able to survive under more severe AlCl3 concentrations (15 ppm) under in vitro conditions. Under in vivo conditions, G1 and G4 mutants were also identified as more tolerant than Tanggamus since they produced more pods and higher dry seed weigh per plant. Moreover, G4 mutant line also produced more dry seed weight per plant than Tanggamus when they were grown on soil containing high Al concentration 8.1 me/100gr = 81 ppm. Al+3. Received: 20 December 2010; Revised: 29 November 2011; Accepted: 4 December 2011]]>
<![CDATA[Digital Correlation of First Order Space Time in a Fluctuating Medium ]]>
<![CDATA[B. Santoso]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 32, No 2 (2006): July 2006 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2006.119
<![CDATA[The study of fluctuating medium has been of great interest through the use of the correlation techniques A laser beam is known to form a coherent beam which can be made to propagate within the fluctuating medium. This will allow the study of the outgoing beam using digital correlation technique. Based on the power spectrum, the integral transformation of the correlation function, one can obtain for instance the radius and mass of the particles executing Brownian motion in the dispersed solution. To correlate the laser beam directly may not allow the detection of signals by electronic means. A method of digitizing the light signals by means of light beat heterodyne technique is therefore adopted. The temporal and special correlation functions can be measured]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis and Characterization of Graft Copolymer Rice Straw Cellulose-Acrylamide Hydrogels Using Gamma Irradiation ]]>
<![CDATA[D. Swantomo]]>;
<![CDATA[Rochmadi Rochmadi]]>;
<![CDATA[K.T. Basuki]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Sudiyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2013): August 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.232
<![CDATA[Rice straw cellulose available as waste biomass was graft copolymerized with acrylamide monomer by simultaneous gamma irradiation as initiator. The effects of bleaching of cellulose and irradiation dose were evaluated. Evidence of grafting is obtained from comparison of Fourier Transfer Infrared (FTIR) of the cellulose and grafted cellulose. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that crystallinity was reduced through graft copolymerization. Kinetic investigations of the graft copolymerization were also carried out, and the rate constant parameter (kp/kt0.5) has been found to be 4.9922 l0.5. mol-0.5.s-0.5. The results show that for the same dose, grafting efficiency is higher with the bleached cellulose form than with the unbleached form. The grafting efficiency and the gel fraction increases with increasing total irradiation doses. At higher radiation doses crosslink density starts to increase considerably while swelling degree decreases with the increasing crosslink density.Received: 16 January 2013 Revised: 3 June 2013; Accepted: 21 June 2013]]>
<![CDATA[Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Analysis of Its Resistance to Rifampin in Sputa From Tuberculosis Suspected Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Syaifudin]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2010): August 2010 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.20
<![CDATA[An accurate identification of different species of Mycobacterium provides to allow appropriate treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Beside that, drug resistance of M. tuberculosis strains to rifampin is not clearly understood in contributing to the spread of tuberculosis in Indonesia. To assess the molecular mechanism of rifampin resistance, a number of clinical specimens of M. tuberculosis were analyzed their molecular nature of a part of the rpoB gene using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) methods. DNA’s extracted from sputum samples were amplified and 32P-labeled by PCR with the specific primers and the product was analyzed their mutation conferring resistance by MDE gel electrophoresis. Of the 70 specimens tested, 57 specimens were positive for M. tuberculosis organism only, three specimens contained a mixture of M. tuberculosis and non tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), and 10 specimens were negative approved by Duplex PCR. Of these sixty DNA positive samples (thus the sensitivity of PCR was 85.71%), 5 (8.3%) of them suspected to contain mutations in rpoB which were associated with rifampin resistance. Even though the frequency of mutation was low, the results from our study clearly indicate that the molecular mechanism of rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates from Indonesia involves alterations in the rpoB gene. Molecular diagnosis by PCR which is fast and easy to perform is useful for early and rapid detection of TB in sputum specimen. Received: 27 February 2009; Revised: 28 August 2010; Accepted: 30 August 2010]]>
<![CDATA[Measuring the Corrosion Rate of Aluminum by Using Ultra Thin Layer Activation Technique ]]>
<![CDATA[I. Kambali]]>;
<![CDATA[H. Suryanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Parwanto Parwanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 1 (2005): January 2005 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.358
<![CDATA[Corrosion rate of aluminum (99.9% purity) in 0.001 M hydrochloride acid solution has been measured by using Ultra Thin Layer Activation (UTLA) technique. Iron foil of 25 μm thickness was used as the primary target and activated by 10.2 MeV proton beam coming from BATAN’s cyclotron with irradiation dose of 0.73 μAh (9.534 x 1015 protons/cm2). Radioisotope 56Co formed on the foil would have sufficient kinetic energy to run out of the foil’s surface and be implanted on the aluminum used as the secondary target. After 2 days of cooling down, about 0.397 MBq of 56Co stayed on the foil was counted by NaI(Tl) detector coupled with Multi Channel Analyzer (MCA).It was found that about 9.45% of the total 56Co formed on the iron foil was successfully implanted into aluminum target. Corrosion test of aluminum was conducted in a 2 inches diameter pipe filled with 0.001 M hydrochloride acid flowing with a rate of 80 liters/minute. The corrosion rate of the aluminum was determined from the change of 56Co activity during the process. The result of experiment indicated that the sample was corroded with a very slow rate of 0.064 nm/minute and 0.0054 nm/minute for measuring time of 0-180 and 180-300 minutes respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[Natural Radioactivity and the Evaluation of Related Radiological Risks in Concrete Used in Prizren District, Kosovo ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Qafleshi]]>;
<![CDATA[M. K. Xhixha]]>;
<![CDATA[G. Nafezi]]>;
<![CDATA[D. Kryeziu]]>;
<![CDATA[D. Qafleshi]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 3 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1149
<![CDATA[This study aims to investigate the natural radioactivity levels in concrete made of Portland cement and used in Prizren district, Republic of Kosovo. The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy technique with High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th were found to be 15.4-28.4 Bq kg-1, 4.3-5.9 Bq kg-1 and 2.0-4.1 Bq kg-1, respectively. These results were used to calculate the activity concentration index as recommended by the Basic Safety Standard of Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM for the safe use of building material. Kosovo must comply with this recommendation in the framework of legislative harmonization with the European Union. The activity concentration index was found to be lower than the reference level of unity (I=0.05), corresponding to an annual effective dose rate of AED=0.05 mSv y-1. The concentration of radionuclides and radiological hazard parameters for concrete investigated in this study were compared with respective results found in literature from different countries. These results show very low activity concentrations, indicating that concrete used in Prizren, Kosovo, does not pose any significant risk due to its use as building material.]]>
<![CDATA[Chromatogram Profiles and Cytotoxic Activity of Irradiated Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) Leaves ]]>
<![CDATA[E. Katrin]]>;
<![CDATA[Selvie Selvie]]>;
<![CDATA[H. Winarno]]>
<![CDATA[ Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2011): April 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PPIKSN-BATAN ]]>
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DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.71
<![CDATA[Gamma irradiation has been used by the industries for preservation of herbal medicine, but it has not been studied the effect of gamma irradiation on their efficacy, especially their bioactivity as anticancer substances. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of gamma irradiation on the mahkota dewa leaves which has been claimed to contain potent anticancer substances. Maceration of dried mahkota dewa leaves successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol gave crude extracts which the ethyl acetate was the most cytotoxic extract against leukemia L1210 cells with an inhibition concentration fifty (IC50) value of 10.3 µg/ml. Further separation of ethyl acetate extract by column chromatograph gave 7 fractions, and fraction 2 showed the most cytotoxic fraction exhibited the most cytotoxic extract against leukemia L1210 cells with an IC50 value of 1.9 µg/ml. Since, the fraction 2 of ethyl acetate extract was the most potent fraction, the irradiated samples were treated with the same procedure as treatment of fraction 2 from control sample. Cytotoxic activity test of fractions 2 from irradiated samples showed that the cytotoxic activity decreased depending on increasing of irradiation dose. Gamma irradiation dose up to 7.5 kGy on mahkota dewa leaves could decreased the cytotoxic activity of fraction 2 as the most cytotoxic-potential fraction against leukemia L1210 cells, but decreasing the cytotoxic activity has not exceeded the limit of the fraction declared inactive. So that the irradiation dose up to 7.5 kGy can be used for decontamination of bacteria and fungus/yeast without eliminating the cytotoxic activity. Gamma irradiation also caused changes in the thin layer chromatograph (TLC) spots and HPLC chromatograms profiles of fraction 2 which was the most cytotoxic fraction in ethyl acetate extract of mahkota dewa leaves against leukemia L1210 cells. One of the main peaks (peak 1) on HPLC chromatograms decreased with increasing the irradiation dose. In agree with the decreasing peak 1 in chromatogram of fraction 2 due to irradiation, cytotoxic activity of fraction 2 also decreased along with increasing doses of irradiation. It suggested that peak 1 is the component that contributes to the cytotoxic activity of fraction 2 in ethyl acetate extract of mahkota dewa leaves.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 06 April 2011; Accepted: 14 April 2011]]>
