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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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The Feasibility of Gamma Irradiation for Developing Malaria Vaccine M. Syaifudin; D. Tetriana; Darlina Darlina; S. Nurhayati
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.75

Abstract

Malaria, a plasmodial disease, causes more than one million deaths per year and has a significant public health impact. Improved access to prompt treatment with effective antimalarial drugs need to be conducted for prevention of infection in high risk groups. However, the parasite as causal agent has exhibited a potential danger of wide-spread resistances. This warning has directed attention to the study of alternative methods of protection against the disease, among them is to do the immunization. A deeper understanding of the nature and regulation of protective immune mechanisms against this parasite will facilitate the development of much needed vaccines. Developing a malaria vaccine remains an enormous scientific, technical, and financial challenge. Currently a vaccine is not fully available. Among the practical applications of radiobiological techniques that may be of considerable interest for public health is the use of ionizing radiation in the preparation of vaccines. Convincing data were reported that sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei irradiated with X- or gamma-rays, provide an antigenic stimulus effective to induce a protective immune response in mice and rats against subsequent sporozoite infection. Irradiated parasites are better immunogens than killed ones and although non-infective they are still metabolically active, as shown by continued protein and nucleic acid synthesis. There is a substantial number of data from human studies demonstrating that sporozoites attenuated by radiation are potent inducers of protective immunity and that they are safe and do not give rise to the asexual erythrocytic infections that cause malaria. This vaccine is relatively inexpensive to produce, easy to store, and transportable without refrigeration. A long-term effort and commitment to providing resources must be maintained and increased to achieve the goal of a malaria vaccine candidate where ionizing radiation as a tool to prepare is seemingly feasible. Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 11 July 2011; Accepted: 01 August 2011
Characteristics of Hydroxypropyl Starch of Sorghum Mutant Line ZH-30 and its Potential use in Paper Industry S Human; DDS Santosa
Atom Indonesia Vol 32, No 1 (2006): January 2006
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2006.114

Abstract

Sorghum mutant line Zh-30 is a breeding line developed at the Center for the Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, BATAN by using mutation techniques. Gamma irradiation with the dose of 300 Gy was used to induced plant genetic variability. Through selection processes in several generations, the mutant line Zh-30 was identified to have better agronomic characteristics, better grain quality and higher yield than the original variety. Research on starch quality of this mutant line was done to identify its potential use in a paper industry. Hydroxypropyl starch derivatives of this sorghum lines were prepared by varying alkalinity of the reaction mixtures using propylene oxide to reach Molar of Substitution (MS) of 0–0.180. Its pasting behavior, paste properties and application in wet end paper processing were evaluated. The optimal amount of addition of hydroxypropyl starch was 1-2 %. At this level, drainage time was lower, so that it decreased paper machine speed. At higher level, it did not improve the burst and tensile strengths but tended to decrease the tear strength of handsheets. The properties of lower pasting temperature, higher water holding capacity lower retrogradation susceptibility, increased viscosity and stability of pastes suggested that hydroxypropyl starch of sorghum ZH-30 was suitable for use in wet end paper processing. Comparing to the original starch, the hydroxypropyl starch of sorghum Zh-30 could significantly improve the strength of handsheets.
Accelerator-Driven System Analysis by Using Different Nuclear Data Libraries T. Sugawara; Ts. Zolbadral; K. Nishihara; K. Tsujimoto
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2012): August 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.163

Abstract

An accelerator-driven system (ADS) has been investigated to transmute minor actinide (MA) included in high-level waste. In the neutronic design of the ADS, the accuracy of nuclear data for MA and lead bismuth (LBE) which is the candidate material for coolant and spallation target, is important. To know the current accuracy of nuclear data libraries, this study aims to compare representative nuclear data libraries, JENDL-4.0, 3.3, ENDF/B-VII.1 and VII.0 through the neutronic calculation of the ADS geometry proposed as the IAEA benchmark problem. The calculation results showed that about 1.1%dk, 0.7%dk and 2.7%dk differences were observed between JENDL-4.0 and ENDF/B-VII.1, ENDF/B-VII.0 and JENDL-3.3 at the beginning of cycle, respectively. These results mean that the current nuclear data libraries are still insufficient for the neutronic design of the ADS. The enhancement of nuclear data libraries by cross section measurement is required and, moreover, integral experiments with MA and LBE isotopes are essential. Received: 29 June 2012; Revised: 22 August 2012; Accepted: 30 August 2012
Irradiation Effect of Argon Ion on Interfacial Structure Fe(2nm)/Si(tsi=0.5-2 nm) Multilayer thin Film S. Purwanto
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.10

Abstract

Investigation includes formation of interfacial structure of Fe(2nm)/Si(tSi= 0.5-2 nm) multilayer thin film and the behavior of antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe layers due to Argon ion irradiation was investigated. [Fe(2nm)/Si]30 multilayers (MLs) with a thickness of Si spacer 0.5 - 2 nanometer were prepared on n-type (100) Si substrate by the helicon plasma sputtering method. Irradiation were performed using 400keV Ar ion to investigate the behavior of magnetic properties of the Fe/Si MLs. The magnetization measurements of Fe/Si MLs after 400keV Ar ion irradiation show the degradation of antiferromagnetic behavior of Fe layers depend on the ion doses. The Magnetoresistance (MR) measurements using by Four Point Probe (FPP) method also confirm that MR ratio decrease after ion irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that the intensity of a satellite peak induced by a superlattice structure does not change within the range of ion dose. These results imply that the surface of interface structures after ion irradiation become rough although the layer structures are maintained. Therefore, it is considered that the MR properties of Fe/Si MLs also are due to the metallic superlattice structures such as Fe/Cr and Co/Cu MLs.Received: 2 April 2009; Revised: 2 September 2009; Accepted: 5 January 2010
Solution of Dirac Equation for q-Deformed Eckart Potential with Yukawa-type Tensor Interaction for Spin and Pseudospin Symmetry Using Romanovski Polynomial A. Suparmi; C. Cari
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 3 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.251

Abstract

The motion of a nucleon in q-deformed Eckart potential field coupled with Yukawa-type tensor potential is described by using Dirac equation. The bound state solutions of Dirac equation for q-deformed Eckart potential with Yukawa-type tensor potential under exact spin- and pseudospin-symmetric limit are obtained using finite Romanovski polynomials. The approximate relativistic energy spectra are exactly obtained within the approximation scheme of centrifugal term. The relativistic energy is negative for pseudospin symmetry and positive for spin symmetry. The radial component of Dirac spinors are obtained in terms of Romanovski polynomials under exact spin- and pseudospin-symmetric conditions. The relativistic energy spectrum for the exact spin-symmetric case reduces to non-relativistic energy spectrum in the non-relativistic limit.Received: 23 October 2013; Revised: 02 November 2013 Accepted: 10 November 2013
The Enhancement of Uranium and Thorium in Bangka Tin Slag S. Permana; J.W. Soedarsono; A. Rustandi; A. Maksum; K.S. Widana; K. Trinopiawan; M. Anggraini
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.529

Abstract

Several researches have informed that air pollution, by-products, and residues in and waste products of natural resources exploitation and consumer goods contain uranium and thorium. In this research, the enhancement of these two metals resulted from the extraction process of Bangka tin slag. To deal with the enhancement of uranium and thorium, Bangka Tin Slag (BTS) was dissolved in Fluoric acid (HF), Chloric acid (HCl), and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The result shows that Bangka tin slag has high contents of uranium, 3,404 ppm, and thorium, 25,850, which were achieved through the dissolution of BTS-roasting-quenching-sieving (BTS-RQS) residues in HF 8%, HCl 6M, and NaOH 10M.
Model Comparison of Passive Compact-Molten Salt Reactor Neutronic Design Using MCNP6 and Serpent-2 R. A. P. Dwijayanto; M. R. Oktavian; M. Y. A. Putra; A. W. Harto
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1122

Abstract

Passive Compact Molten Salt Reactor (PCMSR) is a thermal breeder molten salt reactor (MSR) developed in Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, run in thorium fuel cycle. Its design was initially developed using deterministic code SRAC2006 but has never been compared with other codes. This paper attempts to compare PCMSR neutronic design using Monte Carlo codes MCNP6 and Serpent-2 with ENDF B/VII.0 continuous neutron cross-section library. The reactor was run in a pure thorium fuel cycle with lithium fluoride as its carrier salt. The analyzed parameters were effective multiplication factor (keff), temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR), void coefficient of reactivity (VCR), and conversion ratio (CR). The result shows that there are several important discrepancies between the original calculation and this research. The Monte Carlo calculations implied that PCMSR core was able to be critical using lower fissile concentration than previously designed, but failed to reach CR above unity. While the TCR value was found to be negative, the VCR value was positive up until the 10 % void fraction. The PCMSR core suffered from ineffective neutron moderation and high neutron leakage. These findings imply that the previous PCMSR neutronic design is inaccurate. For PCMSR to be able to operate as a thermal breeder MSR, geometrical modifications must be performed to improve neutron moderation and reduce neutron leakage.
Application of Deuterium and Oxygen-18 to Trace Leachate Movement in Bantar Gebang Sanitary Landfill E.R. Pujiindiyati
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 2 (2011): August 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.66

Abstract

Bantar Gebang landfill was constructed in 1986 with total area of 108 ha and approximately 6000 ton/day solid waste is disposed to this landfill. Mostly, the people living surrounding landfill get afraid of impact of the hazardous chemicals produced by waste disposal to their health. The purpose of this investigation was to study the migration of leachate to Cibitung River water and shallow groundwaters near to the river. It is possible to be done because chemical contents and isotopic characteristics of municipal landfill leachate are unique, relative to aqueous media in the most natural environments. Laser absorption method developed by the LGR (Los Gatos Research) was used to measure absolute abundances of 2HHO, HH18O and HHO in a number of water samples. In-situ measurements were also conducted as an additional parameter besides their isotopes. The δ2H of the H2O in landfill leachate was significantly enriched, with values of - 22.6 ‰ to + 4.3 ‰. This deuterium enrichment was undoubtedly due to the extensive production of microbial methane within the limited reservoir of the landfill. However, the enriched deuterium value in leachate was not detected in the river which still had depleted values. It was probably caused by the amount of natural water in the river was comparatively large, with respect to limited leachate discarded to the river. The electrical conductivity of the leachate was higher (3200 to 7600 μS) and the decreasing values were still monitored in the river to approximately 12 km after streaming the landfills. The effect of the high electrical conductivity and enriched deuterium of leachate was not clearly indicated in the groundwater samples which still represented the local precipitation recharge, except a monitoring well located in Bantar Gebang landfill area which has an indication of leachate contamination. Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 15 June 2011; Accepted: 25 July 2011
Interaction of 137Cs with Sumedang Clay as Natural Barrier of Radwaste Disposal B. Setiawan; U. Zhafirah; A. Saefumillah
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2019.934

Abstract

The interaction of 137Cs with Sumedang clay as a natural barrier for radwaste disposal system has been studied. The initial concentration of Cs was 10‑8 M for the experiments on the contact time and the effect of Na and K concentrations on the sorption of 137Cs; however, the initial concentration ranging from 10‑8 to 10‑3 M of CsCl in the solution for the effect of CsCl concentration. The distribution coefficient Kd is used as the indicator of 137Cs sorption into samples. It was found that the Kd values decreased nonlinearly with the concentration of Na and K, and also to the effects of CsCl concentration. A Freundlich isotherm was proposed to explain the sorption phenomena observed in the experiment. Conclusion of the experiments shown that the presence of metal ions such as Na+ and K+ and variation of CsCl concentrations in the solution have a significant effect on the sorption of 137Cs to the samples. The results should be taken into account for the assessment or selection of the site of radwaste disposal facility in the future.
The Role of Nuclear Diplomacy S. Sriwidjaja
Atom Indonesia Vol 33, No 1 (2007): January 2007
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2007.105

Abstract

In the midst of nuclear countries and non-nuclear countries in the framework of non-proliferation and disarmament, Indonesia has played an important role. Indonesia has been actively involved in each activity at the international level to create a world free from nuclear weapons. This involvements needs to be maintained and increased in the years to come. As a large country, Indonesia should play a key role in the field of nuclear diplomacy. All of the efforts of nuclear diplomacy as mentioned above had a clear objective to support Indonesia’s energy program, at the institution framework as well as capacity building. Indonesia’s effort is also directed to attain appropriated international public acceptance.

Page 32 of 46 | Total Record : 452

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