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Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu
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Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Jl. Bondowoso No.2, RW.2, Gading Kasri, Kec. Klojen, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur 65115
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METAL
Published by Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang
ISSN : 29882206     EISSN : 29882214     DOI : XX.XXXXX
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
METAL (Mechanical, Energy and Material): Menyambut baik kiriman yang memberikan wawasan tentang masalah terkini dan utama yang berhubungan dengan studi Mekanika, Energi dan Material. Jurnal ini menyediakan tempat bagi para peneliti untuk berdiskusi, mengejar dan mempromosikan pengetahuan di bidang-bidang yang muncul dan berkembang dalam studi ilmu Mekanika, Energi dan Material. Artikel bisa ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris atau bahasa Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 35 Documents
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CARBON MEDIA VARIATIONS SEM TEST AND TEMPERATURE ON STAINLESS STEEL 316L PACK CARBURIZING COATING ON THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND CORROSION RATE Reinardi Odilian Jahu; Nereus Tugur Redationo; Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v4i1.148

Abstract

This study analyzed the characteristics of carbon produced from coconut shells and Arabica coffee grounds through a pyrolysis process at a temperature of 1000°C for 1 hour. The SEM test results showed that coconut shells contained 91.87% carbon, while Arabica coffee grounds contained 74.39% carbon, indicating a higher carbon content in coconut shells. Furthermore, this study evaluated the effect of coconut shell carbon and Arabica coffee grounds carbon with temperature variations on the thermal conductivity and corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel plates. The results of the study showed that the highest thermal conductivity values ​​for coconut shell carbon and Arabica coffee grounds were 19.06087 W/m°C and 18.959905 W/m°C, respectively, both achieved at a temperature of 900°C. Increasing the temperature in the pack carburizing process significantly increased the carbon content in 316L stainless steel, which had a positive impact on increasing thermal conductivity. Coconut shell carbon at 900°C showed the lowest corrosion rate of 4.35 mm/year, while Arabica coffee grounds carbon at the same temperature had a corrosion rate of 5.81 mm/year. In conclusion, the effect of adding carbon with temperature variations in the pack carburizing process can increase hardness. The corrosion rate on 316L stainless steel plate will be lower because it contains Cr, Ni, and C which affect strength and high temperature resistance, especially hardness.
EFFECT OF HHVT VALUE OF RAW MATERIALS OF PINE WOOD CHARCOAL AND COFFEE WOOD CHARCOAL (70%:30%, 30%:70% & 50%:50%) WITH MESH SIZES 100 AND 250 ON THE HEALTH VALUE: PENGARUH NILAI HHVT BAHAN BAKU BRIKET ARANG KAYU PINUS DAN ARANG KAYU KOPI (70%:30%, 30%:70% dan 50%:50%) DENGAN UKURAN MESH 100 DAN 250 TERHADAP NILAI KALOR Yosia Kurnia Putra Susanto Nuham; Nereus Tugur Redationo; Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v4i1.160

Abstract

Through this study, there are two variables of concern, namely the effect of the initial comparison of the combustion of raw materials of pine wood charcoal & coffee wood charcoal (70%: 30%, 30%: 70% and 50%: 50%) with mesh sizes of 100 and 250. The initial process of the study is the manufacture of charcoal in pine wood and coffee wood briquettes, pine wood and coffee wood are processed by carbonization at a temperature of 500°C, crushed, sieved using mesh 100 and 250, variations of 70%: 30%, 30%: 70% and 50%: 50% mixed with adhesive, given a pressure of 4 kg, and dried at a temperature of 80°C for 3 hours. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparative value of the combustion rate and calorific value of each briquette sample. The methodology used in this study is to conduct experiments on pine wood charcoal briquettes and coffee wood charcoal in testing the calorific value and combustion rate. From the research that has been done, it was found that the burning rate of briquette samples with variations of pine and coffee wood charcoal with variations of 70%: 30% mesh 100, the burning time is 189 minutes, while at mesh 250 the burning time is 215 minutes. The variation of briquette samples 30%: 70% at mesh 100 the burning time is 192 minutes and mesh 250 is 194 minutes. The variation of briquette samples 50%: 50% mesh 100 has a burning time value of 19 minutes and mesh 250 is 155 minutes. For coffee wood charcoal briquettes and pine wood charcoal at mesh 250 it can be said to meet the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard because the calorific value produced is ≥5000 cal / gram.
A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF CARBURIZING PROCESSES IN STEELS: DIFFUSION MECHANISMS, PROCESS PARAMETERS, AND SURFACE PERFORMANCE Reinaldo Evan Audrey; Bernadus Crisanto Putra Mbulu; Antonius Prisma Jalu Permana
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v4i1.171

Abstract

Carburizing is one of the most widely applied thermochemical surface treatments to enhance the mechanical performance of steels; however, existing studies remain fragmented, with limited integration of diffusion mechanisms, process parameters, and their combined effects on surface performance, which hinders process optimization for advanced applications requiring improved wear and corrosion resistance. This study addresses this gap through a systematic literature review (SLR) of approximately 28 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and ScienceDirect, using a structured methodology consisting of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and comparative analysis focusing on key variables such as temperature, holding time, carburizing media, and diffusion behavior. The analysis shows that carbon diffusion kinetics and case characteristics are strongly influenced by process parameters, where temperatures of 850–950°C and longer holding times significantly increase case depth (up to >1 mm) and surface hardness (typically 50–65 HRC or improvements up to ~150 HV). In addition, clear distinctions among carburizing methods were identified: gas and vacuum carburizing offer superior control of carbon potential and microstructural uniformity, while pack and liquid carburizing provide more economical alternatives with lower process precision. Notably, inconsistencies were found in correlating diffusion depth with corrosion resistance, indicating a critical research gap. This review establishes an integrated framework linking diffusion mechanisms, processing parameters, and surface performance, offering insights for optimizing carburizing processes and highlighting the need for future studies that simultaneously evaluate mechanical and corrosion properties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BRIQUETTES FROM COFFEE TREE TRUNK CHARCOAL POWDER: INFLUENCE OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON BURNING RATE AND CALORIFIC VALUE Yosep Adi Saputra; Danang Murdiyanto; Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v4i1.172

Abstract

Coffee tree trunks are a low-demand biomass resource with potential to be converted into higher-value products, such as charcoal briquettes. This study investigates the effect of drying temperature and particle size (Mesh 30 and Mesh 250) on the performance of coffee wood charcoal briquettes using starch as a binder. Drying was conducted at temperatures of 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C. The briquettes were tested through combustion by heating 50 ml of water, while temperature changes were recorded every minute using a thermocouple until boiling point was reached. Additional analyses included moisture content, ash content, combustion rate, and calorific value.The results show that higher drying temperatures improve briquette performance. The highest combustion rate for Mesh 30 was 0.20 g/min at 100°C, while Mesh 250 reached 0.16 g/min at the same temperature. The calorific value increased with temperature, with Mesh 30 reaching 7178.02 cal/g and Mesh 250 achieving 7498.80 cal/g at 100°C. Although Mesh 30 briquettes exhibited competitive calorific values, their combustion stability was lower compared to Mesh 250.These findings indicate that drying temperature and particle size significantly influence the quality and performance of coffee wood charcoal briquettes
THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN INITIAL HEATING TEMPERATURE AND MESH SIZE ON THE HARDNESS VALUE AND CALORIFICATION VALUE OF CANDLECRON SHELL BRIQUETTE Manuel Fortunato D.C.T.; Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu; Danang Murdiyanto
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v4i1.174

Abstract

One of the promising renewable energy sources is biomass, particularly underutilized candlenut shells, which can be processed into briquettes as a superior alternative to charcoal. This study aimed to utilize candlenut shell waste for briquette production, evaluating hardness and calorific value under varying carbonization temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) and mesh sizes (30 and 100). Briquettes were produced via carbonization and compression. Hardness was measured using a durometer, yielding the highest value of 76.33 HA at 600°C and 100 mesh, and the lowest of 43.58 HA at 400°C and 30 mesh. Calorific value, determined by bomb calorimetry, peaked at 7834.70 cal/g for 500°C and 30 mesh, while the lowest was 5085.24 cal/g at 500°C and 100 mesh. These results demonstrate that optimized carbonization and particle size enhance briquette quality, promoting sustainable biomass utilization for energy applications.

Page 4 of 4 | Total Record : 35

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