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SciencePlus
Published by Barkah Publishing
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30903564     DOI : https://doi.org/10.2025/sp.v1i1
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Veterinary
SciencePlus is a journal published by Barkah Publishing with the aim of accommodating research in the fields of Science, Environment and Technology. The SciencePlus Journal is a place for information in the form of research results, ideas, theoretical applications and critical analysis studies in relevant research fields. SciencePlus publishes comprehensive research articles by involving reviewers from leading and competent experts in their fields. Articles submitted will be selected based on the best scientific studies, provide important renewal values, and are in great demand by the public in the field of science. SciencePlus was first published in 2025 and is published periodically twice a year, namely in March and October
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 21 Documents
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PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF COMPOSITE CAKES FORTIFIED WITH COCOYAM, PLANTAIN, AND BAMBARA NUT FLOUR BLENDS FOR ADOLESCENTS Kanayo Agidi, Eunice; Oritsegbubemi Arubayi, Diana; Ego Azonuche, Juliana
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): SciencePlus
Publisher : Barkah Publishing

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Abstract

Adolescents require nutrient-dense foods to support their rapid growth and cognitive development, yet many snacks consumed by this age group are high in calories but low in essential nutrients. Cake, a popular and convenient snack, can serve as a medium for nutrient fortification using locally available crops. The study adopted an experimental design conducted at Delta State University, Abraka, to develop and evaluate cakes produced from wheat and composite flours of cocoyam, plantain, and bambara nut in varying proportions. Fifteen purposively selected panelists assessed the cakes’ nutritional, sensory, and shelf-life qualities using validated and reliable instruments, with reliability coefficients of 0.81 and 0.88. Standard methods (AOAC, 2010–2015) were used to determine moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, carbohydrate, and vitamin A contents. Cakes were prepared under controlled laboratory conditions following standardized baking procedures. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and Duncan Multiple Range Test at a 0.05 significance level. The results showed that 40% of the sensory panelists were male and 60% female, with 53.33% undergraduates and 46.67% postgraduates. Proximate analysis revealed variations in nutrient composition among cakes fortified with cocoyam, plantain, and bambara nut. Moisture ranged from 20.94% to 24.46%, protein from 7.33% to 9.65%, fat from 22.25% to 27.68%, fiber from 0.57% to 1.44%, ash from 1.10% to 2.61%, and carbohydrate from 35.60% to 46.76%. ANOVA indicated significant differences (P≤0.05) in moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and ash contents among samples, except for carbohydrates, which showed no significant difference (P≥0.05). Composite cakes improved protein and mineral contents compared to 100% wheat cake. The study concludes that composite cakes enriched with cocoyam, plantain, and bambara nut flours are nutritionally superior and well-accepted alternatives to 100% wheat cakes. Their adoption can promote healthier snacking options among adolescents, enhance dietary diversity, and reduce reliance on imported wheat flour.
Assessment of Exhaust Gas Emission Impacts on Air Quality Surrounding PT PLN Nusantara Power, Nagan Raya Samsidar, Samsidar; Ulhaq, Riza
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): SciencePlus
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Abstract

Air pollution is an environmental issue that has a broad impact on human health and ecosystem balance. PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Nagan Raya as a coal-fired steam power plant (PLTU) has the potential to produce exhaust emissions that can reduce air quality in the surrounding area. This study aims to assess the impact of exhaust emissions on ambient air quality in organizations around the PLTU. The study uses a quantitative descriptive approach by measuring several air pollutant parameters, namely SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, NMHC, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, and Pb at the UA-1 observation point located east of the PLN Nusantara Power, then compared with ambient air quality standards based on PP No. 22 of 2021. The measurement results show that all pollutant parameters are still below the national air quality standard threshold, including SO₂ <33.438 μg/m³, NO₂ <6.143 μg/m³, CO 2298.91 μg/m³, PM₁₀ 22.80 μg/m³, and PM₂.₅ 16.11 μg/m³. This indicates that at the time of the measurement, coal burning activities at the PLN Nusantara Power had not had a significant impact on air quality in surrounding organizations. However, continuous monitoring is still needed to ensure air quality remains safe and prevent potential long-term health risks.
PREDICTING CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN AUTOMOTIVE SERVICES: EVIDENCE FROM MACHINE LEARNING ON SATISFACTION AND SERVICE COSTS IN NIGERIA Onyekachukwu Ekwueme, Godspower; Chukwuemeka Godwin, Harold; Chukwu Callistus Nkemjika; Ogochukwu Chinedum, Chukwunedum
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): SciencePlus
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Abstract

Customer loyalty in Nigeria’s automotive service sector has become volatile due to digital competition, variable pricing, and shifting satisfaction patterns. Traditional regression models fail to capture the nonlinear links between satisfaction, cost, and loyalty. This study used machine learning algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to predict loyalty using customer satisfaction, service cost, and behavioral indicators from Anaval Mechanic Workshop (January–December 2023). Model performance was evaluated using accuracy and Area Under the Curve (AUC). XGBoost performed best (AUC = 0.985; accuracy = 97.1%), followed by RF (AUC = 0.962) and SVM (AUC = 0.485). Findings confirm satisfaction, cost, and uncertainty as key loyalty drivers, highlighting XGBoost’s superiority in modeling complex satisfaction–cost dynamics
COMPARISON OF ECOENZYME QUALITY BASED ON ORGANOLEPTIC TEST RESULTS ON VARIOUS ORGANIC FRUIT AND VEGETABLE MATERIALS Yuliastuti; Amin, Nurdin
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): SciencePlus
Publisher : Barkah Publishing

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Abstract

Eco-enzyme is a multifunctional liquid produced from the fermentation of organic waste. This study aims to compare the quality of the eco-enzyme in various organic materials (fruits and vegetables). This study includes qualitative and quantitative observations. Qualitative observations include organoleptic tests, including aroma, color, and texture. Quantitative observations include measurements of pH, TSS, and TDS levels. The research data shows that the eco-enzyme with pineapple material obtained the highest volume of 36.95%. Meanwhile, cabbage leaves and onion skins showed the best quality in terms of clarity, with the lowest TSS value of 10-13 mg/L. The combination of fruit skins produced an eco-enzyme with the highest mineral content, namely a TDS concentration of 2,755 mg/L, but with a lower fermentation rate at pH 5. The results obtained indicate that each material has its own advantages in certain test parameters
LOCAL FISH-BASED FOOD INTERVENTION FOR STUNTING PREVENTION IN INDONESIA: INTEGRATING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM VARIOUS REGIONS Putra, Nico Syah; Zahirah , Nyayu Nabila; Putri, Delsi Diana; Awalina, Izza
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): SciencePlus
Publisher : Barkah Publishing

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Abstract

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a serious challenge to human resource development in Indonesia. This condition not only reduces children's linear growth but also has implications for brain development, endurance, and productivity in adulthood. One innovative strategy currently receiving attention is local food-based nutritional interventions, particularly fish as a source of animal protein that is cheap, easily accessible, and has high nutritional value. This article aims to synthesize various research results and community service activities from various regions in Indonesia regarding the use of local fish-based foods as an effort to prevent stunting in toddlers, while also assessing their effectiveness and implementation challenges. This study uses a systematic narrative review approach to ten national and local scientific publications (2019–2024) involving intervention activities, nutrition counseling, and local fish product development in South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, West Aceh, Tanah Datar, and several other regions. Data are analyzed narratively based on the following categories: (1) form of intervention, (2) impact on child nutritional status, and (3) challenges and supporting factors for implementation. The use of local fish such as snakehead, bilih, patin, and catfish has shown an increase in animal protein consumption and a reduced risk of stunting. Interventions based on processed fish such as shredded fish, flour, nuggets, and fish powder improve the quality of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) and are well-received by the community. Nutrition education at the family level contributes to changes in consumption behavior. Key barriers include limited seasonal fish supplies and negative perceptions of the fishy aroma. Local fish- based food interventions have proven effective in improving children's nutritional status and families' nutritional knowledge. Cross-sectoral synergy between the government, academics, and the community is needed to strengthen local fish-based food security to accelerate stunting reduction
IDENTIFICATION OF THRESHER MAINTENANCE MECHANISMS IN A PALM OIL PROCESSING PLANT AT PT. BEURATA SUBUR PERSADA (BSP), NAGAN RAYA Ahmad Arafi; Riza Ulhaq; Abdiel Khaleil Akmal; Fajar Okta Widarta
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): SciencePlus
Publisher : Barkah Publishing

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Abstract

In the era of globalization, industrial development requires companies to maintain efficient and sustainable production systems. One of the critical components in palm oil processing is the thresher machine, which functions to separate fruits from fresh fruit bunches (FFB). This study aims to analyze the maintenance mechanism of the thresher machine at PT. Beurata Subur Persada using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, direct observations, and literature studies. The results show that the thresher machine plays a vital role in ensuring the continuity of the production process, and its performance is highly dependent on proper maintenance practices. The company implements a preventive maintenance system consisting of routine, weekly, monthly, and annual activities, including inspection, cleaning, repair, and component replacement. These maintenance practices have proven effective in improving machine reliability, extending component service life, and minimizing unexpected failures. However, several challenges remain, such as component wear, potential leakage, and insufficient maintenance documentation. Therefore, improvements in maintenance management, including systematic recording, enhanced monitoring, and workforce training, are necessary to optimize machine performance. Overall, effective preventive maintenance contributes significantly to operational efficiency and sustainability in palm oil production.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL IMPACT ON TOPSOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN MGBUKA OBOSI MECHANIC VILLAGE, NIGERIA Chike Pius Nwachukwu; Chukwuemeka Obumneme Umobi; Louis Chukwuemeka Orakwe; Luke Okwuchukwu Uzoigwe; Victor Obinna Alaribe
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): SciencePlus
Publisher : Barkah Publishing

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This study assessed the concentration, distribution, and contamination levels of selected heavy metals in soils from Mgbuka Obosi Mechanic Village, Anambra State, Nigeria, with comparison to a control site at Idemili Farms. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm and analyzed for heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Physicochemical properties such as soil pH, moisture content, particle size, bulk density, organic carbon, and nutrient composition were also determined. Results showed higher concentrations of heavy metals in the mechanic village compared to the control site, with the order of abundance as Cu > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr. Although most metal concentrations were below permissible limits, contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) values indicated moderate contamination, which increased with soil depth. Soil properties revealed slightly acidic conditions, reduced moisture content, and altered nutrient levels in the study area, likely due to continuous anthropogenic activities such as oil spills and metal waste disposal. The enrichment factor (EF) suggested minimal to moderate anthropogenic influence. Overall, the findings highlight potential environmental and health risks associated with prolonged exposure to contaminated soils in mechanic villages. The study recommends immediate intervention and sustainable waste management practices to mitigate further soil degradation and protect surrounding agricultural lands.
E-MODULE DESIGN FOR THE AUDIO VIDEO SYSTEM DESIGN COURSE BASED ON EPUB satia fazria; Hari Anna Lastya
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): SciencePlus
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This research is motivated by the unavailability of EPUB-based e-modules in the Audio Video System Design course, so that more interesting, interactive, and easily accessible learning media are needed. The purpose of this research is to design and determine the feasibility of EPUB-based interactive e-modules as learning media. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg & Gall model simplified to the product revision stage, through design planning with Canva, conversion to EPUB using Convert.io, and the addition of interactive features through Kotobee Author. The validation results show that the e-module obtained a feasibility percentage from media experts with an average score of 85%, and from material experts at 91%, all of which are in the very feasible category. Thus, the developed EPUB-based interactive e-module is declared valid, practical, and suitable for use as a learning medium in the Audio Video System Design course.
PLANT-BASED NATURAL DYES IN MONTASIK DISTRICT Eriawati; Nurdin Amin; Ita Kausari
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): SciencePlus
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Additive substances are materials deliberately added to food to influence its properties and characteristics. These additives include, among others, food colorings and flavor enhancers. Food coloring refers to substances used to impart or improve the color of food, whereby natural colorings are derived from plants that have the potential to produce various hues. This study aims to identify plant species used as natural dye materials by the community in Montasik. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings reveal 13 plant species used as natural dyes, belonging to 10 families. The results indicate that pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) was used by 70 respondents, suji (Dracaena angustifolia) by 67 respondents, Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) by 65 respondents, Kembang telangflower (Clitoria ternatea) likewise by 65 respondents, and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) by 60 respondents.
Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical, Structural, and Morphological Properties of Corncob Ash and Graphite-Filled Epoxy Composites Taiwo, Oluwaseyi Omotayo; Amadi, Darlington Chinaza; Ojiyi, Binah Somtochukwu; Ofomata, Nmesoma Godswill; Mayor, Blessed Obinna; Owolabi, Oluwasegun Biodun
SciencePlus Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): SciencePlus
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This study presents a comparative investigation of the mechanical, structural, and morphological properties of epoxy composites reinforced with corncob ash (CCA) and graphite fillers at varying weight percentages (0–25 wt%). Composite specimens were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique and characterised through tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests, complemented by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. The results revealed that corncob ash epoxy composites exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 14.34 MPa at 25 wt% filler loading, while graphite epoxy composites achieved the highest tensile strength of 13.24 MPa at 5 wt% loading. The highest Vickers hardness values were 25 HV and 22.37 HV for CCA and graphite composites at 25 wt%, respectively. Graphite composites demonstrated superior impact strength (5.44 J at 25 wt%), while CCA composites showed comparable performance (5.17 J at 0 wt% control). Flexural strength peaked at 15 wt% for both fillers, with graphite composites reaching 38.77 MPa and CCA composites achieving 32.24 MPa. XRD analysis confirmed crystalline phases in both composite systems, and SEM/EDX characterisation revealed the dispersion behaviour and elemental composition of the fillers within the epoxy matrix. The findings suggest that corncob ash, an agricultural waste material, is a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional graphite filler in epoxy composite applications, offering comparable mechanical performance with significant environmental and economic advantages

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