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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 7, No. 3" : 7 Documents clear
Asupan Gizi dan Mengantuk pada Mahasiswa Rasmada, Sada; Triyanti, Triyanti; M. Indrawani, Yvonne; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Asupan nutrisi dan energi, status nutrisi, serta aktivitas harian berpengaruh pada kejadian mengantuk yang berpengaruh negatif pada konsentrasi dan produktivitas belajar pada mahasiswa. Kejadian mengantuk berhubungan dengan penurunan kemampuan kognitif yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi zat besi. Seseorang yang mengantuk akan mengalami penurunan aktivitas fisik yang menyebabkan kelebihan berat badan sehingga berisiko lebih tinggi untuk terkena penyakit degeneratif seperti penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor dominan yang berpengaruh pada kejadian mengantuk di kalangan mahasiswa. Penelitian dengan desain studi cross sectional ini dilakukan terhadap sampel 139 mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia. Proporsi mahasiswa yang hampir mengantuk sekitar 28,80%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi tidur dan masalah kantuk (nilai p = 0,048). Mahasiswa dengan durasi tidur < 8 jam per hari mengalami kejadian mengantuk 0,50 kali lebih besar daripada mahasiswa dengan durasi tidur > 8 jam per hari. Faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian mengantuk adalah durasi tidur setelah dikontrol dengan asupan protein dan lemak, aktivitas fisik, dan paparan media. Mahasiswa yang sering mengantuk memperlihatkan asupan zat besi rendah sehingga disarankan untuk meningkatkan asupan zat besi yang berasal dari sumber makanan yang mengandung heme. Nutrient and energy intake, nutrition status, and daily activity could give impact for sleepiness problem. Sleepiness related to the decreasing of cognitive ability that caused by iron deficiency. A person who feels sleepy will have a lack of physical activities that lead to overweight and therefore has a higher risk to suffer degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to analyze dominant factor that can give influence to sleepiness problem among students. The cross sectional research used 139 students of Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia. The percentage of students who is almost sleepy was 28,80%. This research showed the association between sleep duration and somnolence problem is significant (p value = 0,048). Students with sleep duration < 8 hours a day could be 0,50 times more sleepy than students with sleep duration > 8 hours a day. The dominant factor is sleep duration after controlled by protein and fat intake, physical activity, and media exposure. Students that frequently feels sleepy indicated low iron intake so that suggested to increase the iron intake through consuming heme contained food.
Importance Performance Analysis Pelayanan Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan di Puskesmas Swakelola Pembina Ainy, Asmaripa; Misnaniarti, Misnaniarti; Fajar, Nur Alam
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
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Kunjungan pasien Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (Jamsoskes) di puskesmas pembina selama tahun 2009 adalah 24.014 orang. Kunjungan per catur wulan memperlihatkan trend yang menurun. Jumlah pengunjung puskesmas pembina pada periode bulan Januari – April 2009 adalah 9.295 orang, pada Mei – Agustus 2009 adalah 8.162 orang, dan September – Desember 2009 adalah 6.557 orang. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh minat masyarakat yang rendah untuk menggunakan Jamsoskes. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan kajian kualitas pelayanan Jamsoskes menurut perspektif pasien. Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional ini menggunakan data primer yang dilakukan dengan metode wawancara terstruktur atau survei. Sampel terdiri dari 100 pasien Jamsoskes yang mendapat pelayanan di puskesmas pembina dengan metode analisis kesesuaian kinerja (importance-performance analysis/IPA). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa rata-rata tingkat kesesuaian antara kinerja dan harapan pasien pada pelayanan Jamsoskes di puskesmas pembina adalah 83,44%. Terdapat dua atribut pada dimensi kualitas pelayanan yang masih perlu ditingkatkan meliputi pemberian perhatian oleh dokter terhadap keluhan-keluhan pasien tentang penyakit serta kenyamanan dan kerapian ruang pengobatan di poli umum. Peran dokter sebagai fasilitator kesembuhan pasien perlu ditingkatkan melalui sikap empati atas berbagai keluhan penyakit pasien serta mempertimbangkan penataan ulang ruangan pelayanan untuk kenyamanan pasien. The sum of social health assurance (Jamsoskes) patients in puskesmas pembina during 2009 was 24.014 people. There was a decrease in per quarter visits. The sum of patients visit in January to April 2009 was 9.295 people, May to August 2009 was 8.162 people, and September to December 2009 was 6.557 people. This can be caused by the low interest of community to utilize Jamsoskes service. Thus, it should be reviewed 105 about the quality of Jamsoskes service according to the patients’ perspective. This research was quantitative survey. The sample was 100 patients of Jamsoskes at puskesmas pembina. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire and analyzed by the importance-performance analysis. The average of balance level between service performance and expectation of patients was 83,44%. There were two attributes in the dimensions of service quality that need to be increased: the phycisian attention to the patients complaints about their diseases and convenience and neatness of the treatment room at the general polyclinic. The role of physician as a facilitator of healing to the patient needs to be improved through the attitude of empathy on patient complaints.
Status Gizi Ibu dan Berat Badan Lahir Bayi Karima, Khaula; Achadi, Endang Laksmining
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
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Berat badan lahir 2.500 gram yang hingga kini merupakan standar ukuran risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi merupakan faktor risiko penting yang berdampak hingga usia dewasa. Saat ini, bayi dengan berat badan lahir di bawah 3.000 gram dihubungkan dengan risiko penyakit degeneratif pada usia dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan berat badan lahir dengan status gizi ibu meliputi berat badan prahamil, pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan, dan kadar hemoglobin ibu pada trimester ketiga kehamilan. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder rekam medis Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta. Analisis dilakukan secara bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan metode uji chi square dan korelasi regresi. Hasil studi menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara berat badan prahamil dan pertambahan berat badan ibu selama kehamilan dengan berat badan lahir. Setelah dikontrol berbagai variabel lain, analisis regresi logistik ganda menemukan berat badan ibu prahamil, pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan, usia ibu, dan urutan kelahiran merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi berat badan lahir. Berat badan prahamil ibu merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap berat badan lahir (odds ratio, OR = 6,64). Oleh sebab itu, ibu dengan status gizi prahamil kurang yang sedang merencanakan kehamilan perlu lebih diperhatikan. The weight of 2.500 gram is still being used as the cut off point to predict the risk of baby’s morbidity and mortality. Recently birth weight of less than 3.000 gram is being rigorously assess as a risk factor for noncommunicable disease in adulthood. Therefore it is important to assess factors that are affecting the fetal growth and development. The objectives of this study is to determine the relationship between infant’s birth weight and mother’s nutritional status, i.e. pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, and maternal haemoglobin level in the 3rd trimester as well as several other factors. The study design is cross sectional using secondary data from medical record of Budi Kemuliaan Hospital Jakarta. The result of chi square and correlation regression test shows there is significant relationship between prepregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight. The multiple logistic regression test reveals that pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, maternal age, and birth order are factors that are effecting birth weight significantly, with prepregnancy weight as the dominant factor (odds ratio, OR = 6,643). Therefore, it is imperative to give more attention to undernourished women who are planning their pregnancy.
Demam Berdarah Dengue di Perdesaan Kusumawardani, Erna; Achmadi, Umar Fahmi
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Berbeda dengan beberapa negara, laporan kejadian kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di perdesaan Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kejadian DBD di perdesaan di wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Bogor dan Kabupaten Lebak, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus seri dengan sampel seluruh penderita DBD yang tercatat di puskesmas pada periode bulan Januari 2011 sampai April 2012. Hasil penelitian menemukan 18 kasus DBD dan 4 kasus kematian (case fatality rate, CFR = 22%). Sebagian besar kasus berjenis kelamin laki-laki (58,3%), berusia > 15 tahun (58,3%), tidak bekerja/ibu rumah tangga (50%), melakukan mobilitas (66,7%), mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik (66,7%), berperilaku kurang baik (83,3%), dan mempunyai tempat penampungan air (100%). Lima dari 12 kasus DBD (41,7%) diduga merupakan kasus lokal. Dari empat puskesmas (57,1%) yang melakukan kegiatan penyelidikan epidemiologi DBD terindikasi bahwa kemungkinan besar telah terjadi transmisi DBD di wilayah perdesaan daerah perbatasan Kabupaten Bogor dan Kabupaten Lebak. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has long been reported as disease affecting predominantly among urban populations. However, several recent studies suggest that DHF has spread into rural area. This study aims to describe disease occurrence of DHF in border rural areas of Bogor – Lebak. The study design is case series. The sample of this study was all patients with confirmed DHF admitted to public health centers between January 2011 and April 2012. The study was conducted in April to May 2012. The results showed that there were 19 DHF cases and four out of 18 cases died (case fatality rate, CFR was 22%). Out of 12 eligible respondents, most of them were male (58,3%), aged > 15 years (58,3%), unemployed/housewife (50%), conducting mobility (66,7%), having good knowledge (66,7%), behave poorly (83,3%), and having water containers (100%). Five of 12 DHF cases (41,7%) were suspected as local cases. Four primary health centers (57,1%) were able to perform PE DBD (DHF Epidemiological Investigation). These results indicate that the transmission of DHF in border rural areas of Bogor – Lebak, most likely has occurred.
Konseling Postpartum dan Penerapan Metode Kontrasepsi Amenore Laktasi Mulyani, Sri; Wiryanto, Tri Budi; Ropitasari, Ropitasari
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
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Keberhasilan metode amenore laktasi yang merupakan metode kontrasepsi efektif wanita menyusui tergantung pada pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) secara eksklusif. Konseling postpartum diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang metode kontrasepsi postpartum. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai hubungan konseling postpartum dan penerapan metode kontrasepsi amenore laktasi setelah mengendalikan pengaruh variabel paritas, status pekerjaan, dukungan petugas kesehatan, dan dukungan keluarga. Penelitian observasional ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 7 – 12 bulan dan memberikan ASI eksklusif. Hubungan antara variabel penelitian dianalisis dengan regresi logistik multivariat dengan chi square, kekuatan hubungan dihitung dengan rasio prevalens dan 95% convidence interval odds ratio. Ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara konseling postpartum dengan penerapan kontrasepsi metode amenore laktasi setelah mengontrol variabel paritas, status pekerjaan, dukungan petugas kesehatan, dan dukungan keluarga. Konseling tersebut berkontribusi sekitar 24% pada penerapan kontrasepsi metode amenore laktasi. Responden mendapatkan konseling dan dukungan petugas kesehatan tentang ASI eksklusif, tetapi kontrasepsi dengan metode amenore laktasi belum disampaikan. Lactation amenorrheal method (LAM) is an effective contraception method for women that give exclusive breastfeeding. Postpartum counseling is important in order to improve knowledge about LAM as postpartum contraception method. The objective of this research is to measure the relationship between postpartum counseling and lactation amenorrheal method after being controlled parity, work status, health care staff support, and family support. This observational research using cross sectional design with quantitative and qualitative approach. Subject of the study were mother who has 7 – 12 months infant breasfeeded exclusively. Association among variables were analyzed using chi square, strength association was measured using prevalence ratio of 95% convidence interval odds ratio. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression technique. The result of logistic regression analysis showed there was significant association between postpartum counseling and LAM contraception with the control of variables of parity, occupational status, health staff support and the family that contributed 24% in the implementation of LAM contraception. The result of indepth interview showed that postpartum mother got counseling and support from health staff about exsclusive breastfeeding and is not knowledge about LAM as postpartum contraception method.
Analisis Bahaya Titik Kendali Kritis Proses Pengolahan Bola-Bola Daging di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Trisnaini, Inoy
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
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Pada simpul lingkungan terdapat beberapa media yang dapat menjadi transmisi penularan penyakit, salah satunya melalui makanan. Bola-bola daging dengan bahan utama daging sapi merupakan salah satu makanan yang dibuat di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Bahan pangan hewani merupakan sumber utama bakteri penyebab infeksi dan intoksikasi termasuk Salmonella sp. dan Escherichia coli . Bola-bola daging rentan mengalami kontaminasi oleh bahaya fisik, biologi, maupun kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah analisis bahaya dan titik kendali kritis terhadap proses pengolahan bola-bola daging. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber informasi terdiri atas enam orang informan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah peralatan pengujian angka paling mungkin Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp., pedoman wawancara mendalam, checklists , dan kamera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa titik kendali kritis dalam proses pengolahan bola-bola daging terletak pada tahap penerimaan daging giling, penyimpanan bahan makanan basah, pengadonan dan pembentukan adonan, perebusan, penirisan, serta penyajian. Meskipun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara fisik bola-bola daging dinilai baik dan kandungan Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. pada bola-bola daging ialah negatif, yang menjadi titik tekan adalah potensi bahaya biologi berupa bakteri patogen dan bahaya kimia nitrit nitrat. In the knot environment there are some medias that could transmit disease, one of them is food. Meatballs with beef as main ingredient is one of food that is made in The Installation Nutrition RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Meats are the main source of bacteria that cause infections and intoxications, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Meatballs are so vulnerable to get contaminated by physical, biological, or chemical hazards. The purpose of this research is hazard analysis and critical control point at meatballs making. This research is descriptive qualitative research. Sources of information consists of six informants. Methods of research con-ducted is in-depth interview and observation. The instrument used is the test equipment NER Escherichia coli and Salmonella, in-depth interview guide-lines, checklists, and camera. The results showed that the critical control points in meatballs making is acceptance of minced beef, wet food storage, kneading and forming the dough, boiling, draining, and presentation. Although based on the observation and interviews indicated that physically meatballs were good and E. coli and Salmonella in meatballs were nega-tive, the stress point is the potential dangers of biological pathogens and chemicals nitrite nitrate.
Studi Epidemiologi Deskriptif Talasemia Rejeki, Dwi Sarwani Sri; Nurhayati, Nunung; Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Kartikasari, Elva
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 3
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Talasemia adalah penyakit kelainan darah akibat kekurangan atau penurunan produksi hemoglobin. Jumlah penderita talasemia di Yayasan Talasemia Indonesia cabang Banyumas terus meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik penderita talasemia di Yayasan Talasemia Indonesia cabang Banyumas tahun 2012. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional ini dilakukan terhadap 64 sampel yang diambil dengan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling . Data dikumpulkan meliputi melalui wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penderita talasemia rata-rata berusia 12,28 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki (51,6%), sedang sekolah SD (40,6%), bukan angkatan kerja (92,2%), talasemia β-mayor (90,6%), tidak splenektomi (84,4%), jaminan kesehatan masyarakat (Jamkesmas) (73,4%), kadar feritin ≥ 2000 ng/mL (90,4%), kelasi deferioprone, vitamin C, dan deferioksamin (81,2%), tinggal di Kabupaten Banyumas (79,7%), trans-fusi darah di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Banyumas (95,3%), rata-rata terdiagnosis usia 3,7 tahun, usia rata-rata mulai transfusi darah adalah 3,78 tahun. Frekuensi transfusi darah 1 bulan 1 kali (87,5%), dan frekuensi terapi kelasi zat besi mengonsumsi vitamin C 30 kali dalam 1 bulan (95,3%). Thalassaemia is blood disorder caused by deficiency or decrease in production/formation of hemoglobin. Number of thalassaemia patients in Yayasan Talasemia Indonesia (Indonesian Thalassemia Foundation) Banyumas branch countinue to increase. The research purpose is to describe the characteristics of thalassemia patients in YTI Banyumas. The research type is a quantitative approach with cross sectional research design. Sample of 64 people taken by proportionate stratified random sampling. Data collected includes characteristics of the respondents based on the variables of people, places, and time was obtained through interviews using a questionnaire. The univariate descriptive analysis were use to describe the characteristics of the respondents. The results showed that thala-ssaemia patients at YTI Banyumas have several characteristics: average age of 12,28 years, male (51,6%), elementary students (40,6%), the labor force (92,2%), b-thalassemia major (90,6%), no splenectomy (84,4%), Jamkesmas (73,4%), ferritin levels ≥ 2000 ng/mL (90,4%), sailor deferio-prone, vitamin C, and deferioksamin (81,2%), live in Banyumas (79,7%), blood transfusions in hospitals Banyumas (95,3%), the average age of diagnosis of 3,7 years, the average age of starting a blood transfusion was 3,78 years. Once a month blood transfusion (87,5%), and the frequency of iron chelation therapy by consuming vitamin C 30 times in one month (95,3%).

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