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International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Published by PT. Antis International Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30321298     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61796/ijblps
Core Subject : Economy, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science - ISSN (Online) 3032-1298 is a peer-reviewed (refereed), open-access journal in the domain of finance and management sciences. IJBLPS seeks to advance multidisciplinary researchers by publishing the highest quality theoretical and empirical work in the fields of Business, Public Politics, International Relations, Law, Management, Policy Administration, and other related areas. The journal invites research papers/articles related to Financial Law, Management, languages, Politics, Sociology, Economics, Commerce, Education, Business, History, Marketing, Psychology and other multidisciplinary areas.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 210 Documents
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CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR FINANCIAL FRAUD CRIMES Nadhim Jawad Al-Maamouri
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v2i6.488

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the optimal level of customer service quality, as measured by the customer satisfaction index. The primary focus of this study is to ascertain the extent to which the protection of intellectual property rights for individuals and institutions is guaranteed, and to establish the general principles that govern the relationship between the public and the government in the context of intellectual property rights. Method: The present study is an evaluation of the comparative study between the Iraqi legislation and a number of other Arab legislation (including the Egyptian legislation). Results: The study revealed a discrepancy in the policy evaluation process. Specifically, it was observed that the legislative approach adopted in the evaluation was not consistent with the prevailing legal standards, which are characterised by a more stringent approach. Novelty: It is imperative that the legislative vacuum concerning contemporary crimes is addr the introductionessed, and that the criminal justice system is strengthened by establishing clear penalties for new crimes and by ensuring that the law is applied equally and fairly.
TOPIC: THEORETICAL BASIS OF RESEARCHING THE WATER FACTOR IN THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM Rikhsiboyev Baburjon Bakirjonovich
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i6.489

Abstract

Objective: This article examines the international-legal and institutional basics of water political to processes of transferring water as a possible tool for evaluation and his/her interstate relationships impact processes. Method: Water was theoretical views on water, geopolitical importance of water, international relationships in the system caught place analysis will be done. Results: The analysis demonstrates that cross-border water resources management significantly influences interstate relations, with legal and institutional frameworks shaping the transfer and allocation of water. Geopolitical considerations and the strategic importance of water create both opportunities and challenges for cooperation, highlighting the need for integrated management tools and evaluation mechanisms to mitigate conflicts and support sustainable water sharing. Novelty: This article evaluates cross-border water resources management from an international-legal and institutional perspective, focusing on its impact on interstate relationships and the political processes of water transfer.
HOW THE VETO POWER OF PERMANENT MEMBERS OF UNSC IS AFFECTING THE UN'S PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS BETWEEN 2010 AND 2025? Firdavsbek Erkinjonov Eldorjon o'g'li; Richard Caplan; Jovhar Museyibzada
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i6.490

Abstract

Objective: This study examines the impact of veto power of permanent members of UNSC on the design, mandate strength of the resolutions adopted by the Council. Method: A mixed-method approach was employed, combining a qualitative comparison between the cases of Syria, Ukraine and Gaza and quantitative trend analysis from UNSC resolution, voting records, reports and articles. Results: The results indicate that the veto causes the dilution of mandates, where the threat of P5 prevents the Council from adopting a restrictive and decisive resolution. In the cases of Syria and Gaza, this resulted in significant time delays and the substitution of robust security mandates with limited humanitarian coordination roles. Novelty: The implications of these findings may be that in the absence of institutional reform or voluntary veto restraint, the Security Council may experience complete operational obsolescence when serving to protect civilians in major power contests. While this study focuses on cases that directly or indirectly involve major power interests, its findings are limited to the 2010-2025 timeframe; future research should explore the applicability of this "veto shadow" framework to peacekeeping missions in diverse geographic contexts, where permanent member involvements were less polarised.
COMBATING MONEY LAUNDERING VIA DECENTRALIZED FINANCE (DEFI) UNDER IRAQI LEGISLATION: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY AGAINST FATF STANDARDS Nadhim Jawad Al-Maamouri
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i6.491

Abstract

Objective: This study examines the legal and procedural challenges posed by decentralised finance (DeFi) technologies to the anti-money laundering framework in Iraq, The research problem lies in the clear regulatory gap resulting from the decentralised nature of these platforms, which relies on smart contract technology and blockchain to eliminate the need for traditional financial intermediaries; this decentralised nature hinders the ability of Iraq’s Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Law No. 39 of 2015 to control cryptocurrency flows and establish criminal liability in this context,، Method: The study adopted a comparative analytical approach, analysing the text of Iraqi legislation and comparing it with the operating mechanisms of decentralised finance platforms, whilst also examining the extent to which it complies with the updated international standards issued by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) In particular, with regard to Recommendation No. 15, Results: the study reached a number of important conclusions, the most notable of which is that the current legal definitions of funds and financial institutions in Iraq are outdated, thereby limiting the ability of regulatory bodies to track virtual assets, Novelty: The study also identified procedural shortcomings in the handling of encrypted digital evidence and recommended urgent legislative reforms, including the regulation and oversight of Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) through the establishment of a dedicated institutional framework.
ELECTRONIC MONEY AND DIGITAL CURRENCIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THEIR LEGAL NATURE Rafad Ali Hussein
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i4.494

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the current research is to explore the concepts of electronic money and digital currencies and make an analysis of their characteristics and legal nature through comparing them taking into consideration the fast evolution of the digital financial market. The relevance of the research lies in the wide-spread use of digital means of payments and legal problems that arise from the necessity of regulation and protection of users. Method: An analytical and comparative method has been used in the process of the research. Legal acts, jurisprudence and legislation regarding electronic money and digital currencies have been studied. Results: The show that the concept of electronic money is connected with the traditional fiat currency, which is issued by the licensed financial institutions and regulated by the monetary authorities. On the other hand, digital currencies, especially cryptocurrencies, are characterized by their decentralization and not always the control of a particular official authority. The research shows that electronic money and digital currencies have some similar economic features and use digital technologies for their transactions. However, there are certain differences in the issues of issuance, regulation, and legal protection. Novelty: As a conclusion, it can be stated that there is a necessity for development of special legal framework for regulation of electronic money and digital currencies.
MISYAR MARRIAGE: ITS LEGAL STATUS AND OVERSIGHT Seerwan Azeez Shakor; Daban Salam Omar Abbas
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 7 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i7.495

Abstract

Objective: The research aims to compile various scholarly opinions, outline the relevant Sharia evidence, and determine the ruling on this form of marriage. It also examines the origins of Misyar marriage, the specific rights a woman may waive, and the legal perspective regarding the practice. To define the concept of misyar marriage in linguistic and technical terms and to determine its legal nature. To clarify the reasons behind the spread of misyar marriage in contemporary societies. To outline the essential elements of misyar marriage and the conditions for its validity from both religious and legal perspectives. To analyse the legal status of misyar marriage and the extent to which it is recognised in personal status laws. To highlight the role of legal and judicial oversight in protecting the rights arising from misyar marriage. Method: Descriptive, analytical, and historical methodologies were employed, as they are best suited to the nature of the study. The historical approach was used to trace the origins of this issue and the reasons that led to its emergence in the lives and circumstances of Muslims. The inductive approach was employed to compile the relevant Islamic texts, opinions and fatwas concerning the issue. The analytical approach was applied to conduct an analytical study of these fatwas, texts and legal opinions with a view to arriving at a legal ruling, giving preference to one opinion over another, or formulating a new opinion on the matter. Results: It has been found that misyar marriage gives rise to jurisprudential and legal controversy due to the conflict between the validity of its Islamic legal elements and its contravention of certain objectives of marriage based on family stability. The research revealed a lack of clear legislative regulation of misyar marriage in many personal status laws, leading to differing legal positions regarding it. Weak oversight of misyar marriage makes it difficult to protect spousal rights, particularly with regard to maintenance, parentage and family safeguards. The study revealed that certain forms of misyar marriage are exploited to circumvent the legal and social obligations inherent in traditional marriage. The study demonstrated that the official registration of misyar marriages is an essential means of reducing disputes and safeguarding the legal rights of both parties and their children. Novelty: This study is part of a series of publications discussing Misyar marriage and its associated rulings, as well as the role of Islamic jurisprudence in addressing contemporary developments and emerging issues. The research combines Islamic jurisprudential opinions, Sharia evidence, and personal status law to examine the legal status of Misyar marriage together with the role of legal and judicial oversight in protecting the rights arising from it.
POLITICS OF SELECTIVE RECOGNITION: THE PARADOX OF ANIOMA’S IGBO IDENTITY IN STATE CREATION AND NATIONAL POLITICS IN NIGERIA UROM Charles Egwu; WOSU Moses Victor
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 7 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i7.496

Abstract

Objective: This study looks at politics of selective acceptance in Nigeria and the Igbo identity of the Anioma people of Delta state. Anioma people have a linguistic, cultural, historical and social affinity with the Igbo homeland but this identity is not always acknowledged in the national political discourse. In the debates about the creation of states, Igbo identity is sometimes highlighted as a basis for the demand for an Anioma State, while in other socio-political and regional relations within the Niger Delta, it is ignored. This seeming dichotomy throws up pertinent issues of inclusiveness, intergroup relations and national integration in Nigeria at the federal level. Method: The study adopted descriptive qualitative approach and secondary data sources such as government reports, historical records, academic literature and media publications were used in conducting the study. Content analysis was employed to examine the patterns, frequency and dynamics of identity mobilization and marginalisation in data. The framework of the Politics of Recognition is used to provide a basis for the analysis of how conditional acknowledgment affects political representation, resource availability and social legitimacy. Results: The results indicated that the Ogbonje showed a tendency to play up the Igbo identity only when it was politically advantageous, such as in the context of state creation advocacy, and downplay it when it was more advantageous to regional affiliation in the politics of Niger Delta resources. It is a structural anomaly in the Nigerian federal system that is threatening trust, political participation, and intergroup cooperation. The study found that ethnicity is both a political resource and a constraint in the governance process in Nigeria. Novelty: It suggests institutionalized mechanisms for inclusive recognition, representation and coherent identity accommodation policies for promoting national integration in multiethnic federations.
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS IN URBAN PLANNING AND THEIR APPLICATION Normatov Ermamat Toyir o‘g‘li
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 5 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i5.497

Abstract

Objective: This article examines the legal foundations of environmental standards in the field of urban planning in Uzbekistan, the challenges in their practical implementation, and ways to improve them. It analyzes pressing environmental issues such as the acceleration of urbanization, air pollution, the reduction of green areas, and illegal construction. Method: Environmental requirements are reviewed based on the Urban Planning Code and relevant regulatory documents. A comparative analysis is conducted with international experience, including European Union directives and the “smart city” models of Singapore and Dubai. Results: The proposed recommendations focus on digitalizing monitoring systems, developing the “green city” concept, and strengthening regulatory oversight. Novelty: The study contributes to sustainable urbanization and the transition to a green economy.
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF DEFAULT IN LAND SALE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENT BASED ON THE CIVIL CODE I Putu Adi Palguna Giri; I Made Mulyawan Subawa; I Gusti Agung Ika Laksmi Mahadewi
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 7 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i7.507

Abstract

Objective: Therefore, a juridical analysis is necessary to examine the legal regulation of breach of contract and the legal remedies available when a breach occurs in a land sale and purchase agreement. Method: This study uses normative legal research with a statutory approach by examining the Indonesian Civil Code, relevant legislation, court decisions, legal literature, scientific journals, and other legal materials related to agreements and breaches of contract. Results: The results of this study indicate that the legal regulation of breach of contract in land sale and purchase agreements is governed by the Indonesian Civil Code, particularly Article 1238 concerning debtor's default, Article 1243 concerning compensation for losses arising from breach of contract, Article 1320 concerning the legal requirements for a valid agreement, Article 1338 concerning the principle of freedom of contract, and Article 1457 concerning the definition of sale and purchase. In the event of a breach of contract, the aggrieved party may pursue legal remedies through non-litigation mechanisms, such as negotiation, mediation, or deliberation to reach a mutual agreement. Novelty: This study provides a juridical analysis that integrates the regulation of breach of contract with the legal remedies available to aggrieved parties in land sale and purchase agreements under the Indonesian Civil Code.
LEGAL LIABILITY FOR THE ISSUANCE OF ADMINISTRATIVELY DEFECTIVE LAND RIGHTS CERTIFICATES I Putu Marcellio Surya Diyasaputra; I Gusti Agung Ika Lakemi Mahadewi; Ida I Dewa Ayu Dwiyanti
International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science Vol. 3 No. 7 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law and Political Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijblps.v3i7.508

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the legal responsibility for the issuance of land rights certificates containing administrative defects and the legal protection provided to certificate holders who suffer losses due to such defects. Method: This research employs an empirical legal research method using statutory, factual, and conceptual approaches. The data were collected through interviews with competent informants in the land sector and supported by secondary data derived from legislation, books, journals, and other legal literature. Results: The results indicate that legal responsibility for the issuance of administratively defective land rights certificates is implemented through mechanisms of correction, revocation, or cancellation of certificates in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations, particularly Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration, and Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 21 of 2020. Legal protection for affected certificate holders is provided through preventive and repressive legal measures, including administrative remedies and judicial proceedings. Novelty: This study concludes that effective legal responsibility and legal protection are essential to ensuring legal certainty, justice, and orderly land administration in Indonesia.

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