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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Articles 619 Documents
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SULPHONYL BORATE ESTER AS GREASE ADDITIVE Hassan Elsayed Ali; Mohammed Emad Azab; Nagy Soliman Sakr
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.2.1553

Abstract

This study includes synthesis and evaluation of an additive to improve the two main properties of lubricating grease which are; “increasing the dropping point and improving the extreme pressure (EP) properties” of Lithium grease without any negative effect on the other characteristics of lubricating grease. Increasing the dropping point and extreme pressure (EP) properties are the most important factors to widen the application of lubricating grease. The additive is synthesized via two-steps condensation reactions of polyethylene glycol 400 and Boric acid followed by reacting the product with Dodecyl-benzene sulfonic acid in the presence of Xylene as azeotropic solvent. The structure of the synthesized Sulphonyl-Borate ester SPB is confirmed by using FT-IR. Evaluation of the synthesized additive is conducted by blending it with laboratory prepared Lithium grease sample in different ratios. Analysis were carried out to study the effect of additive on the lubricating grease properties, especialy grease consistency ASTM D217, dropping point ASTM D2265, oil separation ASTM D6184, and Four–Ball test ASTM D2783. The results showed that synthesized additive increased the dropping point by 65 % and extreme pressure properties by 66 % of the prepared grease grease sample.
Initial Analysis of The Characteristics of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Peel Essential Oils as an Alternative Surfactant in The Tertiary Oil Recovery Method Arik Daniati; Novia Rita; Romal Ramadhan; Desi Purnama Sari
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.2.1562

Abstract

Surfactant flooding is one of the types of EOR that reduces the surface tension between two immiscible fluids. The essential oil of sweet orange peel (citrus sinensis) contains a methyl ester group found in the pectin of sweet orange peel, so it has the potential as a raw material for making Methyl Ester Sulfonate by transesterification and sulfonation processes using H2SO4 reactants. This research is focused on testing the MES characteristics of the essential oil of orange peel in the form of density, viscosity, pH, acid number, and compatibility tests. The results of testing the characteristics of the essential oil of sweet orange peel obtained a density of 0.9 g/cm3, a viscosity of 1.36 cP, a neutral pH of 7, and an acid number of 3.048%, so based on these characteristic values the MES of the essential oil of orange peel was included in the initial screening. Alternative MES. Based on the surfactant compatibility test with a concentration scenario of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1% in brine with a salinity of 15,000 ppm, the best is the 0.1% surfactant scenario. However, all scenarios qualify for compatibility. Certain surfactant solutions are not clear or cloudy, but that does not mean they cannot be injected
The Comparation of Water Saturation Approaches to Reveal a Low Resistivity Reservoir Potential Case in Gumai Formation, South Sumatra Basin Dhea Adisty Pratami; Sarju Winardi; Sugeng Sapto Surjono; Widi Atmoko
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.2.1563

Abstract

The LRLC reservoir zone has been identified in SN-3 well, at the DAP-1 interval on Gumai Formation. This interval has a low resistivity value from 3-5 ohm.m and the drill stem test (DST) results show oil with gas without water. This study is objected to identify the causes of LRLC reservoir in gumai formation and finding a suitable sw calculation method. Some data such as well logs, reports, cores, and XRD are used to calculate petrophysical parameters such as Vsh, Phie, and Sw, and would be validated by DST data. Water saturation (Sw) calculations from Archie and the CEC method (Waxman Smits, Dual Water, Juhasz) were performed and the results were compared. The results showed that the main cause of the DAP-1 interval LRLC zone was the presence of clay minerals consisting of mixed layers (Illite/smectite). These clay minerals will be associated with high cation exchange capacity (CEC) values, with the value 70 (meq/100g), which can increase conductivity and reduce resistivity values. Based on lumping the more optimistic results of sw calculation from Waxman Smits Sw method (Sw based on CEC method). The DST data on the SN-3 well does not have water test data, so the calculation of the Sw value that is close to the Swirr value is considered the most suitable Sw for the low resistivity reservoir conditions of the Gumai Formation in the study area. The best practice for low resistivity reservoir for suitable petrophysical calculation is necessary to pay attention to the rock lithology conditions, the presence of mineral clay, and determining suitable Sw appropriate to the reservoir conditions
The Linear and Non-Linear Background Energy Approach in The Seismic S/N Ratio Enhancement Imam Setiaji Ronoatmojo; Yarra Sutadiwiria; Muhammad Burhannudinnur; Dewi Syavitri
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.2.1572

Abstract

Side-swept is often understood as a side sweep of seismic waves that occurs on the surface. This understanding creates confusion when considering that side-swept is a part of linear function, in fact side-swept could be in the form of sweeping waves from the reflector on the side, so side-swept is a non-linear function like a signal. The implications for noise reduction with the t-p transformation becomes more complex. The elimination of side-swept in this study, relies on an application using an algorithm developed by Hampson (1987). Initial data conditioning preparation should be needed to clarify the difference between linear and non-linear functions through static refraction correction and velocity analysis, then coherent noise elimination (ground-droll) is carried out through f-k domain transformation, as well as random noise through f-x domain transformation. Side-swept is eliminated in t-p domain. Energy observation shows the remaining noise energy caused by coherent noise, random noise and non-linear side-swept functions. It proves that it is difficult to remove a non-linear function that overlaps the reflector signal. The best step is to minimize coherent (linear) noise and random noise by consistently using an amplitude correction indicator on the surface and performing velocity analysis especially for the suspected power spectrum as an effort to attenuate side-swept wave interference on the reflector signal. Finally, the signal restoration efforts due to non-linear noise attenuation, is carried out by surface consistent deconvolution
Integrated Approach to Investigate the Potential of Asphalt/Tar Sand on Buton Island, Indonesia Bambang Widarsono; Djoko Sunarjanto; Tri Muji Susantoro; Suliantara Suliantara; Herru L Setiawan; Panca Wahyudi; Sugihardjo Sugihardjo; Mohamad Romli; Diana Dwiyanarti
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.2.1583

Abstract

Buton island as a potential area for conventional oil and gas, as well as asphalt/bitumen has long been the target of evaluation aimed at exploiting this potential, although to date no economic exploitation has been implemented. In this study, the potential of Buton asphalt/bitumen with mineable and in situ (non-mineable) status was studied and evaluated. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analysis have been carried out from Landsat 8 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data with the aim of identifying the presence of active faults and gravity due to orogenic processes. The lineament density pattern shows a general direction of NE-SW to NNW-SSE. The lineament process between satellite image data and gravity surveys helps efforts to identify the distribution of asphalt on Buton Island. Through combining distribution patterns of the Sampolakosa, Tondo, and Winto Formations, contain asphalt/bitumen, the study produces distribution of asphalt/bitumen accumulation in the region, both in surface/mineable and in situ categories. The 'best estimate' reserves obtained are 786.6 million barrels and 46 million barrels, respectively for asphalt/bitumen surface/mineable reserves and in situ/non-mineable reserves. It is hoped that this information regarding the potential/reserves of asphalt/bitumen on Buton Island may support efforts to exploit it
Trap Prevention in Machine Learning in Prediction of Petrophysical Parameters: A Case Study in The Field X Adam Putra Pratama Zainuri; Pahala Dominicus Sinurat; Dedy Irawan; Hari Sasongko
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.3.1586

Abstract

Petrophysical parameters such as porosity and water saturation are vital in the petroleum industry for reservoir characterization. These aspects are typically assessed through laboratorium measurements of core samples or intricate petrophysical calculations. Machine Learning (ML) offers a cost-effective and efficient approach as an alternative to conventional methods of predicting those parameters. However, developing ML models can be prone to the invisible traps such as overfitting, underfitting, feature selection, and feature importance. This study is intended to share how to identify the traps and its mitigation by establishing a synergistic workflow between ML and petrophysical theory. A model was developed based on data from several wells in X field, where they are randomized and split into test and train data. Well-log normalization preceded data splitting, and input features were normalized with outlier removal. A feature selection function was then employed to choose a specific amount of log data. Finally, the model selection function identified the highest-scoring model. Without a proper workflow, overfitting, irrelevant feature selection, and imprecise ranking issues emerged. However, with the proper workflow, these invisible traps were mitigated, even with a relatively small dataset. The final model could accurately predict porosity and water saturation
Downstreaming Buton Asphalt Into Heavy Oil Production: A Techno-Economic Analysis Approach Danang Sismartono; Bambang Widarsono; Arie Rahmadi; Usman Usman; Wanda Ali Akbar; Djoko Sunarjanto; Aziz M Lubad; Herizal Herizal; Atyanto D Atmoko; Nurkamelia Nurkamelia; Rudi Suhartono; Sunting Kepies
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.3.1587

Abstract

Oil production from the extraction of Buton Asphalt (Asbuton) becomes an attractive bitumen to study considering that the use of  Asbuton is currently still relatively limited for asphalt needs with absorption of only 0.9% of national asphalt needs, of course this is a contradiction considering Asbuton deposits reach 667 million tons. Another factor is the high price of crude oil encouraging the use of bitumen as an alternative to crude oil, especially heavy crude oil. Bitumen reserves contained in Asbuton are capable of meeting oil refinery needs of 50,000 BOPD or the equivalent of 4.3% of domestic refinery capacity for a period of 20 years. There are two options for Bitumen production from Asbuton, namely all production comes from open pit mining or a combination of production from open pit mining (40%) and in situ extraction (60%). The techno-economic analysis was prepared with the assumption that the Asbuton production area is part of the Oil and Gas Working Area with a Cost Recovery Production Sharing Contract (PSC) scheme. The development of Bitumen production from Asbuton provides feasible economic indicators with NPV = $ 973 million and IRR = 15.2%. During the contract period, the government received revenue of $ 12.0 billion and the contractor $ 14.6 billion. This economic feasibility study is expected to enrich further our understanding over Buton asphalt utilization in support of crude oil production in the future
Relative Amplitude Preservation Analysis on Interpolation Methods of The Unaliased F-K Trace Interpolation and Regularized Nonstationary Autoregression Wahyu Triyoso; Sunawar Kunaifi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.3.1589

Abstract

The seismic data interpolation method has been widely used to increase the fold coverage in seismic data processing. This technique can be applied to convert multi-2D lines into pseudo-3D, which is an alternative to obtaining 3D seismic volume data due to the relatively high acquisition cost. However, the quality of the seismic interpolation results is not the same as the real 3D seismic data acquisition results. This study carefully analyzed these differences to understand how accurate the results were. There are two methods used for data interpolation, namely Unaliased f-k trace interpolation (UFKI) and Regularized Interpolation Nonstationary Autoregression (RNA) methods, which are applied to 2D pre-stack data to increase the fold coverage and 3D data to convert multi-2D lines into pseudo-3D. Then, the interpolation results on the pre-stack data are evaluated on the 2D and 3D data, and an amplitude change is analyzed. It is done to test whether the amplitude of the seismic data from the interpolation results is still relatively preserved based on the evaluation results of the changes in the AVO response. The results show that the interpolation process in the receiver and shot gather domain (UFKI and RNA) could increase the fold coverage and maintain the relative amplitude preservation and AVO response
A Bibliometric Analysis of Carbonate Paragenesis Moehammad Ali Jambak; Riezky Kokky Mahendra
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.3.1590

Abstract

Endapan batuan karbonat memiliki peran yang penting dalam industri minyak dan gas dan umumnya ditemukan sebagai reservoar hidrokarbon. Porositas pada batuan reservoar berhubungan dengan proses diagenesis dan paragenesis yang menghasilkan berbagai macam tipe porositas. Paragenesis merupakan sikuen mineral yang terjadi pada suatu batuan atau endapan. Analisis yang dilakukan untuk menentukan paragenesis dapat menggunakan analisis petrografi, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) dan Cathodoluminescence. Naskah ini membahas tentang analisis bibliometrik pada paragenesis dengan menggunakan VOSviewer, Open Refine, dan Tableau. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan diperoleh 987 artikel terpublikasi dengan topik paragenesis pada tahun 1999 hingga 2022 dengan 537 penulis yang berasal dari 46 negara berbeda dan sekitar 308 publikasi mengenai paragenesis karbonat. Dengan menggunakan VOSviewer dapat diperoleh beberapa data peta bibliometrik yaitu dari penggunaan kata kunci, sitasi penulis, dan dari hubungan antar negara. Sehingga, paragenesis merupakan salah satu topik yang penting untuk dipelajari dan tidak hanya dalam bidang mineral bijih namun juga perlu untuk dipelajari pada bidang minyak dan gas serta prospek masa depan paragenesis di dunia sains cukup menjanjikan.
Best Practices to Achieve Optimal Geothermal Drilling Performance in A Cost-Effective Manner: Case Study of the Fastest Geothermal Well Drilling in Java and Sumatra Bambang Yudho Suranta; Irfan Rasyid; Akhmad Sofyan; Arif Rahutama
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 46 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.46.3.1591

Abstract

Indonesia, recognized for possessing substantial geothermal energy potential, is working towards harnessing the resource to achieve numerous objectives. Among the primary challenges encountered is the considerable expense of geothermal drilling. One of the most significant obstacles to achieving this objective is the high drilling cost, which constitutes 35-40% of the total cost of geothermal energy development. The drilling cost is mainly affected by the time needed to drill one well because the faster the time, the lower the cost. Therefore, this research analyzed drilling activities, identified the fastest and most effective methods for optimal geothermal drilling performance, and reduced costs. The research also determined the factors that contributed to the sustained status of Well X as the fastest well drilled in the past decade. The methodology comprised literature review, data collection through adequate background on well and geothermal field, and data analysis. The result showed that the fastest drilling operation of a geothermal well in Indonesia in 2012 occured in West Java (Well X) for only 9.9 days with 1736.5 meters (mMD). Meanwhile, in 2021, Well Y in Sumatra spent 21.74 days to reach a depth of 2200 mMD. The use of a single-run and clean-out Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) throughout the entire section affected the drilling duration and significantly reduced the inner side cleaning time, respectively. The cost of Well Y drilling, achieved using the best performance of two wells, reduced drilling costs by 19.2%.

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