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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Articles 619 Documents
The Influence of Side-Slip Velocity on Subsurface Displacement Imam Setiaji Ronoatmojo; Muhammad Burhannudinnur; Yarra Sutadiwiria; Dewi Syavitri
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.2.1620

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the influence of side-slip velocity on subsurface displacement during seismic data acquisition. Anisotropy constants were used to determine the depth migration process before stack, which showed inadequate results after data validation. Therefore, the forward modeling of a medium, which comprised anisotropy constants of normal and offset raytracing was conducted to address this problem. The configuration of source to receiver were orthogonal and slant. The results showed that the migration process failed to resolve the geological structures of the position shifting. The configuration of source to receiver were orthogonal and slant. The results show the better continuity of slant and the influence of complex geological structures controls the position shifting, which could not be resolved by the migration process. It could be seen from the random distribution of the normal shift of group velocity and phase velocity, as well as the CDP – CRP shift. It produced wave azimuth rotation in a discontinuity plane, such as fault and anticline ridge. This azimuth rotation was strongly suspected to cause inaccurate anisotropy constants implementation in pre-stack depth migration process
Seismic Data Processing and Seismic Inversion in The Ray Parameter Domain: Common Reflection Point (CRP) Stack and Ray Impedance Wahyu Triyoso; Edycakra Immanuel Sinaga; Madaniya Oktariena
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.2.1621

Abstract

Reservoir characterization can be enhanced by integrating lateral and vertical perspectives from seismic surveys and well logging, respectively. Seismic impedance is a crucial parameter, calculated by multiplying the rock density by the primary (P) wave velocity. While acoustic impedance solely considers these two factors, elastic impedance incorporates additional angular measurements and secondary (S) wave velocity data. Elastic impedance, however, equates the incident angle with the transmission angle in disregard of Snell's law; therefore, it provides a simplified representation of seismic impedance. This study explores an alternative approach to seismic impedance, known as ray impedance. We calculated ray impedance by tracing the impedance variation along the path of a seismic ray, considering its changing velocity and angle as it traveled through different subsurface strata. We transformed the seismic information from the offset space to the ray parameter space, to achieve ray parameter stacking. Unlike the traditional angle domain inversion, which uses near-angle, mid-angle, and far-angle seismic stack data, the ray-impedance inversion utilized segments of ray data: near-ray, mid-ray, and far-ray. We compared the common depth point stack, ray stack, and angle stack methods to infer the acoustic, elastic, and ray impedance characteristics. Challenges with gas cloud interference in seismic data imaging were present. We developed a ray parameter strategy to address these imaging difficulties. The comparison of different stacking techniques indicated that ray stacking could offer an alternative for imaging in the presence of gas cloud effects. Furthermore, impedance cross-plotting demonstrated that ray impedance provided a more discernible separation of low-clay-content zones than elastic impedance did. Overall, data processing in the ray parameter domain yielded positive imaging outcomes in the presence of gas clouds, suggesting that ray impedance is a practical method for lithological differentiation
Modeling The Distribution of Wastewater and Determining Zone of Initial Dilution from Waste Discharge Into The Sea From Fuel Terminal Activities in Balikpapan Bay Randi Andhika; Purwanto Purwanto; Fuad Muhammad
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.2.1623

Abstract

Sea water quality in Balikpapan Bay is determined by two driving factors: river flow and sea tides. This study aimed to conduct predictive modeling of wastewater distribution from industrial activities with the potential for seawater pollution, specifically for fuel terminals in Balik Papan Bay. The data source used was primary data for the initial environmental baseline, which was taken from the results of the analysis of 1 liter sample each from the wastewater treatment outlet, outfall, and three points representing three sea areas receiving wastewater, and secondary data obtained from the Badan Informasi Geospatial (BIG) and ECWMF (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). The tidal data obtained were analyzed using the least-squares method. The results of the wastewater distribution model showed that all parameters, including pH, TSS, BOD, COD, ammonia, fatty oil, salinity, TOC, and Total coliforms, met seawater quality standards both at high and low tide conditions in the West and East Monsoon based on Government Regulation No.22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management Appendix VIII for ports
Updated Geochemical Characterization of Hydrocarbon Potential of Surface Sample in Lariang-Karama Sub-Basin, West Sulawesi, Indonesia Yarra Sutadiwiria; Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin; Imam Setiaji Ronoatmojo; Dewi Syavitri; Cahyaningratri P R; Barona Belladesta; Yeftamikha Yeftamikha; Andy Livsey
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.2.1624

Abstract

The Lariang-Karama Sub-Basin is situated within the Makassar Basin, located in the West Sulawesi region. It has source of rocks which has the potential to produce hydrocarbons and to become a target for new field discoveries in hydrocarbon exploration activities. It is on this basis that the authors are interested in conducting research in the Makassar Basin area and its surroundings, which has been carried out since 2017. This is a comprehensive literature review study from 2017 to 2022, focusing on the origin and composition of biomarkers, paleogeography of facies sources from oil seeps (2017-2018), paleofacies and biomarker characteristics of Paleogene to Neogene rocks (2019), contribution of terrestrial materials based on geochemical and biostratigraphic analysis (2020), tectonic processes occurring in the basin, and geochemical characterization of source rocks in the research area (2022). The FS-12 surface sample in shale may belong to the Kalumpang Formation, located in West Sulawesi. The results of TOC analysis were 0.62%, indicating sufficient quantity. Based on the results of the cross plot between HI values of < 50 and Tmax of 499 °C, the category was found to be overmature and could not produce hydrocarbons. The results of this research, along with those of previous research and the latest geochemical study, were obtained in the West Sulawesi region and the eastern Makassar Strait. These findings consisted of marine shale source rocks in West Sulawesi and lacustrine shale source rocks in the eastern Makassar Strait
MAPPING THE POTENTIAL CO2 SOURCE-SINKS FOR CARBON CAPTURE STORAGE FROM INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA Muhammad Firdaus Al Hakim; Brian Tony; Steven Chandra; Fanata Y. Nugraha; Damar Nandiwardhana
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 48 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v48i1.1626

Abstract

The increasing trend of carbon reduction program in Indonesia has been intensified to achieve Net-Zero Emission in 2060. One of the option to achieve this commitment is by implement Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) program in Indonesia as this technology offers reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) by taking the CO2 directly from the emitter and safely inject it to the depleted reservoir. This study aims to map the potential of CCS Storage from oil and gas depleted reservoir as the candidates of sink and its connectivity with the available CO2 Source from Cement, Petrochemical, and Fertilizer industry. The depleted oil and gas reservoir storage capacity is calculated from the available data of oil and gas in place with its ultimate recovery. The pipeline right of ways is also mapped to evaluate the connectivity of the CO2 emitter and CO2 storage. There are four major region which could potentially developed for further CCS impelementation program. The South Sumatera Region holds 3 MtCO2 annual emission from the industry and connected to surrounding storage via pipeline with total capacity of 584 MtCO2. Both West Java and East Java hold advantages for CCS as the West Java available storage 612 MtCO2 while East Java 345 MtCO2 while the annual emission from industry in West Java and East Java are 13 MtCO2 and 9 MtCO2 respectively. In Kalimantan, there are potency of 15 MtCO2 annual emission with 1,945 MtCO2 storage capacity.
Optimization of Crude Oil Transmission Process by Installing Electric Heat Tracing in Off-Plot Piping Oksil Venriza; Cut Reza Wahyuni
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.3.1631

Abstract

Crude oil transmission is distributing crude oil from one plane to another. Problems that often occur in the crude oil transmission process are freezing or crystallization of paraffin when the temperature in the environment reaches the Pour Point Temperature. Usually, this can be overcome by injecting Pour Point Depressant into crude oil. However, using Pour Point Depressant is still ineffective if used continuously. This is because Pour Point Depressant can affect the quality of crude oil and increase environmental risks and if the transmission process is carried out on a large scale, it will also require large costs to meet these needs. Therefore, this research examined the application of constant wattage type Electric Heat Tracing as an alternative to Pour Point Depressant in the off-plot piping section, precisely in the PT ABC transmission pipe network. By carrying out transient simulations using OLGA version 2022.1.1 software, several scenarios for the most optimal Electric Teat Tracing installation in the crude oil transmission process were developed while minimizing the costs incurred. From the simulations carried out, it is known that the constant wattage type Electric Teat Tracing with a capacity of 3 x 100 kW can maintain the pipe temperature above the Pour Point Temperature value, namely 111ºF with 2 installation spots KP 1+700 to KP 3+200 and KP 5+800 to KP 7 +300. Apart from that, the use of Electric Heat Tracing is also more economical compared to Pour Point Depressant injection.
Refined Fluid Property Characterization in Data-Limited Reservoirs: Evaluating EOS and Black Oil Models for Optimized Simulation of The PSE Field in The Central Sumatra Basin Dike Fitriansyah Putra; Muhammad Zaidi Jaafar; Ayyi Husbani; Hasan Ali Ma’sum; Muhammad Fadhil
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.3.1632

Abstract

The PSE Field, located in the Central Sumatra Basin, faces significant challenges due to outdated and incomplete fluid property data from Well X, where the last measurements were taken in 1992. This lack of comprehensive fluid data hampers accurate reservoir characterization, which is critical for optimizing production strategies. This study aims to bridge this gap by utilizing thermodynamic fluid characterization software (PVTp) to generate reliable fluid data, comparing two approaches: the Equation of State (EOS) model and the Black Oil model. Both models are evaluated based on key parameters such as saturation pressure (Psat), gas-oil ratio (GOR), (FVF), density, and viscosity. EOS model, grounded in thermodynamic principles, is compared to the empirically based Black Oil model to assess their predictive accuracy. The average absolute error percentage (AAE%) is used as a benchmark for performance. Results indicate that EOS model achieved an average AAE% of 1.2%, significantly lower than the 10.94% observed for the Black Oil model. Specifically, EOS model showed 0% error for Psat, 0.81% for relative volume, 3.7% for GOR, 1.4% for FVF, and 0.1% for density, while the Black Oil model demonstrated substantially higher errors, particularly for GOR (40.6%) and FVF (7.7%). This research highlights the limitations of the Black Oil model, especially in complex reservoirs where adjustments to laboratory data are necessary. In contrast, EOS model proves to be a more reliable alternative for accurate fluid characterization. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the Central Sumatra Basin, where previous fluid property data was limited, making the validation of EOS model a valuable contribution to the field. The practical significance of this study extends beyond addressing the challenges of Well X, offering a framework that can be applied to other fields with similar data constraints. This research advocates for a transition from traditional Black Oil methods to more accurate EOS-based simulations, providing better decision-making tools for reservoir management and enabling greater efficiency and cost savings in future field operations
Petroleum Fiscal Regimes Attractiveness in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand: Application on Offshore Project Development Dwi Atty Mardiana; Pri Agung Rakhmanto; Shabrina Sri Riswati; Eleonora Sofilda; Saptianta Aribawa; Gabriela Martines
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.3.1633

Abstract

Several factors are required to be considered in offshore and deepwater field development, including uncertainty in geological conditions, advanced technology, investment needed, fluctuating oil and gas prices, as well as fiscal regimes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and evaluate the economic and fiscal regimes attractiveness ranks in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, applied to three cases of offshore oil and gas field development. The three offshore field cases included a new frontier gas field (Block A), a developed deep-water gas field (Block B), as well as a mature oil and gas field (Block C) with reserves of more than 100 mmboe and an investment range of 3 to 9 billion dollars. The discounted cash flow model was used to evaluate the contractor profitability, while government take, front loading index (FLI), and composite score (CS) were applied to rank the fiscal regime attractiveness. The result showed that profit split and ceiling of cost recovery affected fiscal attractiveness in government take. Front loading for contractor was observed at the early production phase from royalty and profit split. The fiscal attractiveness ranking generated a different order for each case, with Indonesia PSC CR being the most attractive to use in Block A due to the lowest FLI value. This PSC GS was the most attractive to use in Block B, providing the best economic results. Furthermore, concession scheme in Thailand was the most attractive to use in Block C, showing the best economic and the lowest FLI value. This showed that regardless of fiscal regime used in a country, parameter flexibility should accommodate uncertain conditions
Mapping Iron Oxide Distribution on the Ground Surface of the Tugu Barat Oil and Gas Field Using Landsat 8 OLI and Field Data Tri Muji Susantoro; Suliantara Suliantara; Ketut Wikantika; Asep Saepuloh; Agung Budi Harto; Herru Lastiadi Setiawan; Fitriani Agustin; Adis Jayati; Kurdianto Kurdianto; Sayidah Sulma; Sukristiyanti Sukristiyanti
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.3.1634

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that Landsat series data can be utilized to map rock change in arid and semi-arid environments. In this study, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) was used to map the presence of iron oxide (ferrous, ferric, and hematite) in the topsoil of the Tugu Barat Oil and Gas Field, Northwest Java Basin, Indonesia. The aim is to map the distribution of iron oxide and analyze it for detection of the presence of microseepage. The results show that the concentration of the mineral hematite indicates an anomaly, where the edge of the field is very low and tends to rise in the middle, but this condition is unclear, because of the presence of red soil containing high hematite in the north. Based on analysis indicates an anomaly, where the edge of the field is very low and tends to rise in the middle, but this condition is unclear, because of the presence of red soil containing high hematite in the north. Based on analysis of Landsat 8 OLI data, ferrous oxide concentrations show an increase at the edge of the field, especially in the southeast. However, this condition is less visible in the west because of the high vegetation density. The ferric oxide concentration shows the opposite pattern to the ferrous oxide concentration. These results are supported by the ferrous oxide index results from soil reflectance spectra recorded using Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD). Where the ferrous oxide concentration is low at the edge then tends to rise in the middle of the field. Meanwhile, the analysis of ferric oxide from the spectral reflectance of soil from ASD results does not show clear differences. The Normalized Iron Oxide Difference Index (NIODI) analysis shows the presence of small amounts of hematite and no geotite. The research results show evidence of microseepage indications at the edge of the field, especially at the southeastern edge. Iron oxide mapping has the potential to support oil and gas exploration through analysis of alteration processes which are thought to be the impact of micro-seepage.
Laboratory Study on The Use of Local Additive of Clam Shell in Water Based Mud Nur Suhascaryo; Farrel M Dhaffa
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 47 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.47.3.1635

Abstract

The use of clam shells as additives in water-based mud has gained attention as a natural material in drilling fluids. This study tested the physical properties and rheology of water-based mud with varying amounts of clam shells. The density of the mud after adding clam shell additives was determined using a mud balance, and the rheology was tested using a viscometer. Filtration volume and mud cake thickness were also tested using an LPLT (Low-Pressure, Low-Temperature) filter press for 30 minutes. The pH measurement was performed from the filtrate volume. The results showed that adding varying amounts of clam shell additives increased the density by 8.7 ppg, 8.9 ppg, and 9 ppg, respectively. The filtration loss and mud cake produced were considered good, with filtration loss and mud cake being 13 mL and 1.6 mm, 12.2 mL and 1.4 mm, and 10.4 mL and 1.3 mm, respectively. Clam shell can be used as a fluid loss reducer because it can affect the viscosity value of the mud, resulting in a low filtration loss value. Proportional to filtration loss: if the filtrate comes out a little, the resulting mud cake is thinner.

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