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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 619 Documents
 7   8   9   10   11 
FORMULATION OF LUBRICATING GREASE FOR AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT APPLICATION Ratu Ulfi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 39 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.39.1.531

Abstract

The formulation of environmentally friendly greases based on castor oil have been developed for agricultural equipment application. In order to improve base oil and tribological performances, several additives such as sterically hindered phenolic type antioxidants (AO), liquid mixture of amine phosphate as an extreme pressure (EP) and disodium sebacate as a corrosion inhibitor (CI) additive were added. The objective of this study is to develop a lubricating grease formula for agricultural equipment applications having high oxidation stability, good wear and corrosion protection, and excellence in terms of water resistance. The results of physical-chemical and performance examination show that the product developed has the following speci􀂿 cations: NLGI grade is 2, dropping point is at temperature of 192.5oC, unworked and worked penetrations are 255 mm/10 and 307 mm/10 respectively. The copper strip corrosion is 1a, and scar diameter is 0.57 mm. The physical-chemical characterics of the grease developed still meet speci􀂿 cations, especially for agricultural equipment application.
BIOREMEDIATION IN PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOIL TREATMENT USING PLANT-MICROORGANISMS COMBINATION (Case Study: Reduction Level of TPH and BTEX in Bioremediation Process) Cut Nanda Sari; Tyas Putri Sativa; Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 39 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.39.1.532

Abstract

Oil spills, in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, are very detrimental to people and the environment due to hydrocarbon compounds that are contained in oil which are not only be harmful for the balance of the ecosystem and the environment but also carcinogenic to humans and animals. Therefore remediation needs to be done. One of the methods is by using a combination of microorganisms and plants. The aim of this research is to analyze the in􀃀 uences between several different treatments that are applied for TPH and BTEX removal in the process of remediation. In this research, bioremediation was conducted by using four different treatments which are: by adding compost (C), plants and compost (P), microorganisms and compost (B), and compost, plants and microorganisms (BP), to soil with oil content of 5% and 10%. The following test results of TPH in soil contaminated with 5% oil content are: 2.10% (C); 1.31% (B); 1.66% (P); and 0.68% (BP). The TPH test results in soil contaminated with oil content of 10% are: 3.30% (C); 2.54 (B); 3.91% (P); and 3.31% (BP). The highest percentage of TPH degradation in contaminated soil of 5% oil content was found in BP treatment (87.1%), while in the contaminated soil of 10% oil content the largest TPH removal percentage is by the treatment of adding bacteria (B) which is 76.19%. BTEX removal percentage in 5% oil contaminated soil in BP treatment is 68.35% while in 10% oil contaminated soil with B treatment the removal percentage is 84.91%. Based on statistical tests, both on contaminated soil with 5% and 10% oil content, TPH degradation signi􀂿 cantly affects the pH value as p < 0.05 but TPH degradation does not affect temperature values as p > 0.05.
OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOLIC WASTES TREATMENT IN ARTIFICIAL PRODUCED WATER BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Syafrizal Syafrizal
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 39 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.39.1.533

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum condition of phenol biodegradation in arti􀂿 cially produced water using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The screening of medium in the highest phenol degradation at 99.85% in medium M5, followed by M1, M4, M3, and M2, at 99.83%, 28.47%, 27.64%, and 0.09%, respectively, during the 24 hours incubation time. Medium M5 and M1 are relatively expensive if applied in the 􀂿 eld, thus optimization of incubation time, temperature, pH, and the adding of oil is needed in the treatment parameters affecting the phenol biodegradation process using an easy and cheap medium, M4. This research resulted in phenol biodegradation percentage at optimum condition for 2 days incubation, pH 7, and temperature 30°C, was 99.98%.The adding of oil at optimum condition: 100 mg/L could degrade phenol waste to 28.01%.
PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE JAMBI SUB-BASIN, SOUTH SUMATRA Christina Ani Setyaningsih; Eko Budi Lelono; Iskandar Firdaus
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.38.1.534

Abstract

The palynological study of the Jambi Sub-basin, South Sumatera is carried out to construct biostratigraphy of the identifi ed formation. The palynological analysis provides an age interpretation as well as environment of depositional interpretation. The study uses outcrop samples which were collected from Merangin River, Muara Jernih and Mengupeh areas. The age of the studied sediment ranges from Early to Middle Miocene. The top Middle Miocene age is identifi ed by the occurrence of pollen Florschuetzia levipoli and Florschuetzia meridionalis, whilst the base of Early Miocene is marked by the appearance of nannoplankton Sphenolithus compactust. The studied sediment cropping out at the Merangin River and Muara Jernih area interpreted as Talang Akar Formation was deposited in a lower delta plain to delta front during Early Miocene. In the Mengupeh area, this sediment shifted landward into upper delta plain to lower delta plain environment during Middle Miocene.
HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF TOLO BAY MOROWALI REGENCY: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Suliantara Suliantara; Tri Muji Susantoro
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.38.1.536

Abstract

Tolo Bay is located between East Arm and Southeast Arm Sulawesi, reaching a water depth of up to 3500 meters below sea level. Regionally, this block is situated within Banggai Basin where some gas and oil fi elds are already in production. The closest fi eld is Tiaka Oil Field located about 125 kilometers northwest of the study area. A geo-science review has been conducted to clarify the potential existence of hydrocarbon in this block. Based on previous reports, papers, and subsurface data from the Directorate General of Oil and Gas, the study area is located within the collision area between Banggai-Sula Microcontinent and Sulawesi. This collision occurred during Late Creataceous and Middle Miocene periods. During drifting phase a sedimentation process occurred at the front of the Banggai-Sula Microcontinent. This sediment is potentially source rock and reservoir rock. Meanwhile, during the drifting phase the study area is interpreted as located at the southern part of Banggai-Sula Microcontinent. This different tectonic setting will impact on the type of sedimentary rock, hence source rock and reservoir rock occurrence in the study area is still unclear. As source rock and reservoir rock within the study area are unclear, hydrocarbon explorations will be very risky. In order to reduce exploration risk, it is proposed to conduct geological and geophysical studies using the latest seismic data that was surveyed by PT. TGS – NOPEC and PT. ECI – PGS.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RISKS OF INTRODUCING PRODUCED WATER INTO FRESHWATER INJECTION SYSTEM Usman Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.38.1.537

Abstract

Mixing of waters from different sources may exacerbate the risk of formation damage and can impact on oil recovery. A case study is presented to demonstrate how to assess these risks. The study relies on laboratory-based work. Appropriate materials, methods, and procedures to assure the quality of test data and derive technically valid risks potential interpretations are discussed. The risks for potential plugging, scaling, permeability reduction, and oil recovery loss caused by introducing produced water are identified. Plugging is caused by bacterial growth and solid particles present in produced water. Bacterial growth is categorized as high. Solids Concentration is also high with its mean diameter larger than the non-damaging particle size. The CaCO3 scale is likely at reservoir temperature due to high concentration of HCO-3 in the produced water. Mixing of untreated produced water and treated freshwater caused signifi- cantly reduction in permeability. For the 25% PW and 75% FW mix, the permeability decreases by about 80% of its initial permeability. Adding 2000 ppm of biocide and fi ltered using 11 micron filter paper improved the quality of produced water. For the same mixing fraction, the permeability decreases only 47%. Analysis of pore throat size in conjunction with particle size of water samples suggests the need for using a fi lter less than 11 micron to avoid permeability decline imposed by solid particles. Waterflood experiments showed an ultimate recovery factor of 46.1% of original oil in place obtained from freshwater injection. Introducing 50% of produced water caused an oil recovery loss of 16% compared to freshwater injection alone. This lost oil recovery represents a quantitative effect of formation damage on oil production and may be valuable from the economic viewpoint.
THE INFLUENCE OF BIODIESEL BLENDS (UP TO B-20) FOR PARTS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM BY IMMERSION TEST Riesta Anggarani; Cahyo Setyo Wibowo; Emy Yuliarita
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.38.1.538

Abstract

The Government of Indonesia will implement the mandatory policy on the use of Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel mixture with minimum 20% volume of biodiesel (B-20) start from 2016. From technical point of view, compatibility issue becomes one of the problems to be considered by automotive industries. The concern relate with solvent characteristic of biodiesel, which cause the biodiesel and its blends react with the parts of fuel system, especially the elastomers. This work is aimed to identify the material constructed the fuel system parts, including metal and non-metal parts, which has good compatibility to biodiesel blends up to B-20. Identifi cation of the parts material was done by FTIR and DSC for non-metal parts and by XRD and XRF for metal parts. The immersion test is used to compare the effect of fi ve biodiesel-diesel fuel blends (B-0, B-5, B-10, B-15, and B-20) to the physical change of metal and non-metal parts of diesel fuel system in a 2500 hours test period. The physical change being checked is the weight of the parts. The result obtained that for immersed metal parts, the change of weight occurred in the range of 0.007% to 0.595%. The higher weight change obtained by non-metal parts in the range of 0.001% to 13.85%. The lowest change was shown by metal parts consists of an alloy of CuO, Al2O3 and SiO, whether for non-metal parts was shown by a polymer type of Fluoroviton A. Through FTIR analysis we also observed that fuels composition before and after immersed with the tested parts were not change signifi cantly means that effect of solvent characteristic of biodiesel in the fuel mixture is negligible.
EFFECT OF ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE AND ZnCl2 CONCENTRATION FOR MERCURY ADSORPTION IN NATURAL GAS BY ACTIVATED COCONUT CARBONS Lisna Rosmayati
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.38.1.539

Abstract

Elemental mercury from natural gas has increasingly become an environmental concern due to its high volatility and toxicity. Activated carbon adsorption is an effective mercury control method. Mercury content in natural gas should be removed to avoid equipment damage in the gas processing plant or the pipeline transmission system. This research describes the process of mercury removal from natural gas by coconut active carbon impregnated with ZnCl2. Activation temperature and ZnCl2 solution concentration are significant affect the mercury adsorption capacity. Charcoal was prepared from coconut shell and activated at 500, 700 and 900oC in constant fl ow of nitrogen. The effect of activation temperature and ZnCl2 concentration for mercury adsorption on adsorbent show that the adsorption ability of adsorbent is affected by increasing activation temperature up to an optimum temperature of 700oC. Ability of adsorption increases with increasing ZnCl2 concentration and mercury adsorption was optimum at 7% concentration of ZnCl2. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of mercury in natural gas by activated carbon-impregnated chlor is very signifi cant. The conclusion of this paper is that optimum activation temperature 700oC and 7% ZnCl2 impregnated on adsorbent can improve the mercury adsorption in natural gas.
THE INFLUENCE OF FUNGI CONTAMINATION ON THE AVIATION FUEL AND BIOCIDE INHIBITOR Mochammad Fierdaus; Yannie Kussuryani
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.38.2.540

Abstract

Aviation fuel is one of the fractions of fuel oil containing hydrocarbons and trace materials in the form of organic salts. Distribution of aviation fuel to the aircraft allows the aviation fuel contaminated by water due to condensation. The presence of water, hydrocarbons and organic compounds are appropriate conditions for microbial growth. The growth of microbes among other fungi generates biomass that sould can be able block fi lter between fuel tank in aircraft to the engine and have fatal consequences for flight operation. An efforts to prevent the growth of fungi is to add biocides in aviation fuel, which is in this study using formalin. Fungi was used in this experiments consists of four species which were dominant in the aviation fuel that are: Paecilomyces sp.1, Paecilomyces sp.2, Aspergillus sp., Scytalidium sp., as will as a the of mixed cultures of four species of fungus. The concentration of formalin is used as biocide were 150 ppm, 250 ppm and 500 ppm. Parameter measured are dry weight of fungi and physical characteristic of aviation fuel including specific gravity, smoke point, freezing point, copper strip corrosion and flash point. Experiment result showed that the addition of formalin could prevent the growth of fungi in aviation fuel. For Paecilomyces sp.1 and Paecilomyces sp.2, formalin concentration of 150 ppm can prevent fungi growth in aviation fuel signifi cantly. It takes 500 ppm for Aspergillus sp. and 250 ppm for Scytalidium sp. The concentration of formalin 250 ppm and 500 ppm were inhibit the growth of mixed culture. Analysis of the physical properties of aviation fuel, showed that the use of formalin does not affect the quality of aviation fuel in all parameters tested and they meet the quality standards of aviation fuel issued by Ministry of Defence. This means that formalin can be used as biocide for aviation fuel.
BIODEGRADATION ENHANCEMENT OF OILY WASTEWATER BY OZONATION METHOD Syafrizal Syafrizal; Zulkifliani Zulkifliani; Fami Adetyas Maulana Pratama; Setijo Bismo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.38.2.541

Abstract

This research is aimed at improving the ability of oily wastewater biodegradation through the ozonation method, where ozone will oxidize organic compounds in the oily wastewater that are diffi cult to be degraded by bacteria so that the structure becomes simpler. The ozonation process is done by using a corona-discharge ozonator and semi-batch reactor, and the process is varied by ozone dose and pH value. The ozonation process is then followed by a biodegradation process, where the bacteria that is used is Pseudomonas sp. This study also observed the effect of surfactants in supporting the biodegradation processes. An indicator of research success is the increase in the biodegradation percentage of the sample, followed by an increase in the value of the constant rate of bacterial growth. The research results shows that the ozonation method and the use of surfactant can support the oily wastewater biodegradation process. This is shown by the value of the biodegradation percentage and the constant rate of bacterial growth results, in which respective values are able to reach 86,787% and 0,339 at the optimal operating conditions (ozone dose of 0.53 g/h; pH 7; Bios-H surfactant concentration 500 ppm).

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