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Eddy Setiawan
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Identitas
Published by Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia
ISSN : 30255759     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Jurnal Identitas, published by the Indonesian Citizenship Institute (IKI), focuses on citizenship studies, population issues, and the elimination of racial and ethnic discrimination. The journal addresses citizenship not only as legal status but also as a field of theory, civic participation, identity, and state–society relations, aiming to promote inclusive and democratic understandings of citizenship in Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 24 Documents
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From Security to Citizenship? A Study of Banser in the Reform Era Muhammad Khoirul Muqtafa
Jurnal Identitas Volume 3 Number 2, September 2023
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

The phenomenon of Banser (militia group under Nahdlatul Ulama) in the Reform Era is quite interesting to observe. While previously, this militia’s main duty was to ensure that all activities conducted by Nahdlatul Ulama ran smoothly, this organization has now expanded its activities from countering radicalism and terrorism activities to assisting disaster management programs. This signals a new transformation within this militia group and poses serious questions about the conception of security and citizenship practices. Banser actively protects religious minority groups so that they can practice their religious activities. Different from other religious militia groups such as the Islamic Defender Front (FPI) or Moslem Paramilitary Group (Laskar Umat Islam) who often commit violent actions, Banser has their own logic of security. This logic is mainly derived from religious values they hold: moderation, justice, tolerance, and balance. How they implement these values can be seen partly from their actions to protect and reject any violence against the religious vulnerable groups. This is because they believe that violence itself is against religion. Furthermore, their actions tend to advocate a certain form of citizenship based on religious values.
Mengayun Di Antara Liberalisme Dan Nasionalisme Pasar? Telaah Pelarangan Ekspor Biji Mentah dan Arah Politik Ekonomi Indonesia Husnul Atiyah
Jurnal Identitas Volume 3 Number 2, September 2023
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

On January 1, 2020, the Indonesian government officially banned the export of raw nickel ore because nickel reserves are increasingly depleting as non-renewable energy. This decision caused a strong reaction and criticism from the European Union and resulted in a lawsuit against the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the context of academic discourse, this problem also raises questions about whether Indonesia’s political economy direction is moving towards market liberalism or nationalism. This is because several recent policies or regulations issued by the government could not simply tell the direction of Indonesia’s political economy ideology. Based on literature research, this paper intends to discuss the above issues in the context of international political economy. This article finds that the direction of the Indonesian economy is swinging between liberalism and economic nationalism. Looking at the ban on raw ore export shows this, but more is needed; thus, furthr study is required to suggest the political economy direction adopted by the Indonesian government.
Masyarakat Muslim di Bali : Dari Kawula hingga Warganegara Eddy Setiawan
Jurnal Identitas Volume 3 Number 2, September 2023
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

The arrival of outsiders with different religious and cultural backgrounds during Bali’s classical era was equally recognized as the local subjects. The patron-client relationships during this period led to a tendency towards cultural acculturation and, to some extent, spiritual syncretism which shaped Muslim-Bali. In the colonial era, the Dutch then took the position of patron from the Puri, separating Balinese and non-Balinese through desa adat and dinas. Meanwhile, the development of Islamic education has led to orthodoxy, thus completely separating the two communities. Muslim immigrants after this process are called Muslims Baru. Desa dinas had a better position during the colonial to the New Order period. However, with the decentralization process, desa dinas have become mere administrations with weak political bargaining. Balinese-Muslim and Muslims Baru citizenship seems to have to deal with a new form of citizenship in the name of customary tradition, between krama wed, krama tamiu, and tamiu. Non-Balinese Hindu citizens are classified as tamiu in the context of desa adat. Therefore, in terms of participation and redistribution, indigenous communities have a better position than those in dinas. Similarly, Balinese-Muslims have a better position because of the autonomous power through their “desa adat”. Meanwhile, Muslims Baru without “desa adat” are only members of administrative desa dinas, with limited participation, thus affecting the redistribution aspect.
Biopolitik Perempuan Muslim, Feminisme dan Demokrasi: Studi Di Banda Aceh dan Padang Inda Kartika
Jurnal Identitas Volume 3 Number 2, September 2023
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

Feminism exerts influence in the social and political life of women even for men and children, young people and the elderly. Hence, exploring feminism has experienced a lot of criticism among academics, the public, policymakers, and even the state. Thus, this study explores feminism and biopolitics, whereas a theory of feminism is not only a spirit but merged in the women’s struggle movement. Additionally, this study investigates of how Muslim women use politics to fulfil their interests; What society would be like if men and women were in different conditions in terms of health, treatment, care, birth and death; and how the principles of feminism are used to address women’s biopolitical problems. This research uses biopolitics as an analysis to see women in Muslim-majority areas involved in democratic public spaces and open Islamic views to inclusive women. This study collected data from interviews and ethnographic methods. The setting is the local areas of Banda Aceh and Padang. This study reveals that there is state injustice based on biopolitical fulfilment which is an obstacle for Muslim women to fight for various interests, such as women’s bodily rights related to pregnancy regulation, political rights in parliament, providing adequate access to health for victims of birth sexual violence, state social control, religion and local culture making women unable to achieve fulfilment of rights, especially women’s access to fulfilment of rights and authorities Biological. Furthermore, this article also discusses the principles of feminism used to overcome women’s biopolitical problems.
Inklusi pada Kelompok Minoritas di Indonesia: Sebuah Refleksi Lapangan Nurun Nisa'
Jurnal Identitas Volume 3 Number 2, September 2023
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

Indonesian society, with its level of diversity, in the name of ethnicity, religion and so on, has made the issue of identity one of the key issues in navigating this pluralistic country. Identity could be cementing or segregating the existing social groups. Within the tension of the two, in practice, those who are labeled as minority groups have experienced discriminatory treatment. Contestation over resources, for example, can lead to the creation of access barriers for minority groups. For this reason, the concept and practice of inclusion are relevant for Indonesia within which the issue of majorityminority has remained a problematic issue. Any exclusionary practices will create a potential conflict that can divide national unity. Lakpesdam’s experience in assisting 9 minority community groups shows that they experienced varying degrees of exclusion at the beginning of the assistance, including being excluded from social interactions, various unpleasant treatments, and stigma as a backward group, deviant, and other negative labels so that they were considered not equal to the other community groups.This has an impact on the limited access to resources. The results of the advocacy show that inclusion programs have been important factors in increasing community acceptance of the assisted group. This sequentially helps to issue various policies that are more inclusive and uphold the equality principle between citizens.
Managing Ambiguity: Religious Intolerance and Policy in Indonesia Alamsyah M Djafar
Jurnal Identitas Volume 4 Number 1, March 2024
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

This paper expands the existing knowledge on how actors construct frame ambiguity in policy formulation. This study elaborates on the discursive strategies used to manage ambiguity through arguing, framing, and blame avoidance, based on an analysis of case studies of policy formulation aimed at addressing religious intolerance in Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that actors utilize discursive strategies to achieve two main objectives: preserving majority values and maintaining dynamism and heterogeneity in response to evolving demands. The paper argues that ambiguity serves as a temporary mechanism to overcome impasses and differences in values and demands among actors. The findings of the study fill the gap in the limited number of studies that examine ambiguity in religious policy, especially regarding the relationship between religion and the state. Additionally, the findings provide insights for the application of analytical tools in understanding ambiguity and its role in promoting institutional change.
Hidup dalam Kesenjangan: Paradox Migran Baru Asal Tiongkok (Xinyimin) dengan Masyarakat di Indonesia Paulus Rudolf Yuniarto
Jurnal Identitas Volume 4 Number 1, March 2024
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

New migrants from China (Xinyimin) in Indonesia generally migrate for employment, business opportunities, educational advancement, and marriage. Their presence fosters socio-cultural exchange and offers a significant perspective on the interaction between Indonesians and Xinyimin. However, the ongoing influx of migrants from China since the country’s economic boom has led to an expanding gap between them and the local population. This disparity is perceived as a threat to the livelihoods of Indonesians and the established social order. Consequently, the host-immigrant tensions have sparked local-national political debates. The friction between Chinese workers and local Indonesians has garnered public attention, with local workers expressing resentment toward the higher wages of Chinese migrants while struggling to secure comparable earnings, regardless of nationality. The presence of Xinyimin in Indonesia is viewed not only as a foreign element but also as a competitive force, raising concerns due to their perceived exploitation of local resources. This situation presents a significant obstacle to the interaction and acculturation of Xinyimin in Indonesia.
From Conflictual to Peaceful Coexistence? Reconceptualizing The Relationship between Islam and The West Muhammad Khoirul Muqtafa
Jurnal Identitas Volume 4 Number 1, March 2024
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

The relationship between Islam and the West has been a subject of study for many scholars, yet the discussion seems never to end. Part of the reason is that their relationship is anything but simple as the historical records depict it: there was a period of tension, conflict and cooperation. The September 11 attack was critical since then the discussion between the two has been publicly discussed with the question of Islam, whether it would bring peace or instead, it would be a threat to the Western world. Employing desk research, this paper expands the discussion between Islam and the West by examining different ideas among Muslim scholars, from liberal to conservative or fundamentalist ones to see the prospect of promoting peaceful coexistence between the two. More than that, the progressive idea needs to be creatively spread and infused into the people’s consciousness so that the concept of peaceful coexistence would not only be the concern of elites but also that of the general public. Bringing this into view may shed some light to what extent the relationship between the two might be reconceptualized and proposed into a more peaceful one.
Agama dan Kewarganegaraan : Minoritas Muslim dalam Masyarakat Hindu Bali Eddy Setiawan
Jurnal Identitas Volume 4 Number 1, March 2024
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

Diversity and religiosity are manifested in almost all regions of Indonesia. Practically, there is no region that is homogeneous in terms of ethnicity, language and religion. Likewise, Bali, with a Hindu majority population, also has other religious minorities, among them are Muslims. The existence of Muslims in Bali has been recorded since Bali was ruled by various kingdoms and sustained until the formation of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The identification process as citizens is shared by both Balinese Hindus and residents of other groups such as Muslims who form the Muslim minority on the island. Civic relations in Bali appear to be going well, as reflected in the Religious Harmony Index released by the Ministry of Religion in 2023. In the index, Bali Province scored 77.95 that makes it one of the top 5 regions with the highest index scores after East Nusa Tenggara (81,027), Papua (80,20), North Sulawesi (78,35), and West Papua (78.63). This index based its score on three indicators, namely tolerance, equality and cooperation between religious communities. This article discusses the relationship between religion and citizenship in Bali by focusing on the main issues: firstly, the value system of Balinese Hindu society which was formed by the long interactions with various entities that has shaped a tolerant character until its advancement after the Bali Bombings I and II. Secondly, the formation process of Bali’s Muslim minority and thirdly, the dynamics of the relationship between the two groups during the democratization period which was marked by decentralization and the strengthening of identity politics, by examining the interactions between the two groups on the issue of Ajeg Bali. Hereby, it is expected that the conceptualization, development and practice of religion and citizenship in Bali can offer a new insight into navigating the relationship between the different communities in Indonesia.
Menggugat Prinsip Non-Interference ASEAN : Dari Idealisme ke Pragmatisme Politik? Husnul Atiyah
Jurnal Identitas Volume 4 Number 1, March 2024
Publisher : Institut Kewarganegaraan Indonesia

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Abstract

Several acts of violence that occurred at the national and international levels received attention from various groups. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the Myanmar issue involving the military junta regime have become prominent in recent years. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine, even though it occurred in Eastern Europe, has the potential to have an impact on global security, and is even said to trigger a world war. The violence case in Myanmar, while it occurs on a national (domestic) level, the impacts, especially the violence and abuses of human rights, are extraordinary and are of serious international concern. Both cases sparked criticism from various groups, including the United Nations (UN) at the international level and ASEAN at the regional level. This article discusses ASEAN members’ stance on the two violent incidents that occurred by linking it to the principle of noninterference, one of the principles that are very “ASEAN”. Through literature study, this paper finds that ASEAN’s attitude towards the two cases above is not singular. Each member’s attitude of this Southeast Asian regional organization is different, especially in the case of the Russia and Ukraine conflict. In the case of Myanmar, the attitude shown is also not firm. The description of this attitude is closely related to how they interpret the principle of non-interference, which tends to be political and pragmatic in practice, depending on the interests of their respective countries.

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