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Utama Alan Deta
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Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA)
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : 20879946     EISSN : 24771775     DOI : https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) is available for free (open access) to all readers. The articles in JPFA include developments and researches in Physics Education, Classical Physics, and Modern Physics (theoretical studies, experiments, and its applications), including: Physics Education (Innovation of Physics Learning, Assessment and Evaluation in Physics, Media of Physics, Conception and Misconceptions in Physics, hysics Philosophy anPd Curriculum, and Psychology in Physics Education); Instrumentation Physics and Measurement (Sensor System, Control System, Biomedical Engineering, Nuclear Instrumentation); Materials Science (Synthesis and Characteristic Techniques, Advanced Materials, Low Temperature Physics, and Exotic Material); Theoretical and Computational Physics (High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, Astrophysics, Nuclear and Particle Phenomenology, and Computational and Non-Linear Physics); and Earth Sciences (Geophysics and Astronomy).
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 454 Documents
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Analytic Method And Matrix Diagonalization On Eigen System Of Hermitian Matrix Operator Bambang Supriadi; Sisilia Nur Hikmah Anggraeni Anggraeni; Badriyah; Fidia Alhikmah Putri; Puput Aprilia Eka Sari; Indah Selviandri; May Yani br Sembiring
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n1.p40-51

Abstract

The solution of the Hermitian eigenoperator matrix problem produces an eigensystem consisting of eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors. This study aims to determine the complete solution of the eigensystem and the diagonalization of the Hermitian order matrix operator.  analytically. The results of the study show that every eigenproblem in the Hermitian matrix operator  generate several eigenvalues  according to the order of the matrix operator, the eigenvalues ​​are real numbers. Eigenvectors,  of the Hermitian matrix operators are orthogonal because  and   thus forming a basis matrix  and is unitary. A Hermitian matrix can be diagonalized through its basis matrices and a diagonal matrix is ​​obtained.  whose diagonal elements are the eigenvalues ​​of the Hermitian operator.
Identification of Fault Characteristics in the 2021 Ambarawa Swarm Earthquake Based On Focal Mechanism Analysis Muhammad Rizal Ramadhani; Khafidh Nur Aziz; Budiarta
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n2.p103-116

Abstract

Swarm earthquakes occur repeatedly within a certain time frame and occur in the same location with small earthquake strengths. A swarm earthquake occurred in the Ambarawa region of Central Java from October to November 2021. This research aims to determine the characteristics of new faults and the causes of fault activity in the 2021 Ambarawa earthquake. The method used in determining the characteristics of faults that cause swarm earthquakes is P wave first motion polarity recorded by the seismograph. A total of 7 earthquake data were analyzed using the P-wave first motion polarity method which produced compression/dilation data, azimuthal angle, and take-off angle. Analysis of the focal mechanism using compression/dilatation data, azimuthal angle, and take-off angle produces strike, dip, and rake values. The strike value in the focal mechanism of the 2021 Ambarawa earthquake ranges from N 54°, N 69°, N 168° to N 208°, and N 292°. The dip value in the focal mechanism of the 2021 Ambarawa earthquake has a value of 40° to 88°. The rake value in the focal mechanism of the 2021 Ambarawa earthquake has a negative value, indicating that it is a type of normal fault. The characteristics of the cause of the earthquake are caused by local faults in the Telomoyo Volcano area with normal fault types and shear faults. Local fault activity is indicated by the local pressure on the geothermal reservoir that flows magma fluid from the reservoir to the surface.
Primordial Helium In The Left-Right Symmetry Model With Extra Scalar Fields Istikomah Istikomah; Amara Ega Prasheylia; Hamdan Hadi Kusuma
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n1.p52-70

Abstract

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is a crucial phase in the universe's evolution, occurring approximately 1 second after the Big Bang. The BBN theory predicts a primordial Helium-4 abundance of about 25%, offering key limits on the number of light particles present at BBN temperatures. The Left-Right Symmetry Model with an Extra Scalar Field is a development of the Standard Model that adds a massive scalar field, which can decay into relativistic particles. This research aims to determine the temperature ratio between the right and left sectors, the mass limit of the massive scalar field consistent with BBN constraints, and the primordial helium abundance. This research is theoretical. The research objectives can be achieved with various methods; the Yukawa Lagrangian and the Scalar Potential are depicted in a Feynman Diagram, which then calculates each sector’s decay rate and temperature changes. The temperature ratio of the right and left sectors when the BBN took place in this model was 0.08-0.09. The BBN constraint imposes a dimensionless bound expressed as the mass ratio of the scalar field in the right sector to that in the left sector is . The abundance of primordial Helium-4 in the left sector is 25%, according to the Standard Model, while primordial Helium-4 in the right industry is 79%-87%. Thus, the Left-Right Symmetry Model with Extra Scalar mode satisfies the constraints of BBN words.
A Generalizable AI-Based Framework for Automated Slice Sensitivity Profile and Slice Thickness Measurement Across Multi-Phantom and Multi-Scanner CT Systems Nur Hadziqoh; Nani Lasiyah; Rino Ferdian Surakusumah; Arda Yunianta; Nurul Maisarah Binti Kamaruddin
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n1.p71-88

Abstract

Slice Sensitivity Profile (SSP) and its Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) are critical indicators of longitudinal resolution and effective slice thickness in computed tomography (CT), forming a cornerstone of quality assurance (QA) protocols. This study introduces a robust and vendor-neutral framework for automated SSP and FWHM measurement using a deep learning-based approach, designed to overcome the limitations of manual, scanner-specific, and phantom-specific methods. A U-Net convolutional neural network was trained on annotated CT phantom images—including AAPM, Catphan, and ACR models—acquired across Philips, Siemens, and GE CT systems with varied slice thicknesses (1.0 mm and 5.0 mm). The pipeline includes automatic stair-step object segmentation, angular correction via Hough Transform, profile extraction, and real-time FWHM computation. Validation against manual measurements demonstrated strong correlation (r > 0.97) and mean absolute errors below 0.2 mm, with no statistically significant differences across stair-step positions (p > 0.05). The system showed excellent repeatability (CV < 1.5%) and reproducibility (CV < 2.5%), even with phantom repositioning and inter-operator variability. Additionally, the framework maintained consistency across all phantom types and scanner brands, confirming its cross-platform reliability and alignment with IEC 61223-3-5 and AAPM performance standards. These results position the proposed method as a generalizable and scalable QA solution, suitable for clinical integration, automated reporting, and longitudinal CT performance monitoring.
Analysis of Radiographic Image Quality in Computed Radiography with Variations in Subject Thickness and AEC Sensitivity Settings Tsany Najmah Aziz Yenuuar; Sri Oktamuliani
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n1.p89-102

Abstract

This study evaluates the influence of subject thickness variations and Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) sensitivity on radiographic image quality in Computed Radiography (CR) systems. A total of 16 radiographic images were analyzed, consisting of 12 images obtained from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms and 4 images from the TOR CDR phantom. Experiments were conducted using phantoms with thicknesses of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm. Radiographic exposures were performed at a fixed tube voltage of 70 kV, with the AEC system automatically adjusting the tube current-time product (mAs). For each PMMA thickness, exposures were repeated three times to evaluate Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), contrast, and Exposure Index (EI), while TOR CDR images were acquired once per thickness variation. Image quality was assessed through Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), contrast, and Exposure Index (EI) using ImageJ software and One-way ANOVA statistical testing. Results demonstrated that while the AEC effectively maintains contrast (p = 0.202) and EI (p = 0.796) within optimal diagnostic ranges, the SNR decreases significantly as subject thickness increases (p = 0.001). Optimal image quality was achieved at 10 cm for the TOR CDR phantom and 15 cm for the PMMA phantom. The study concludes that although AEC regulates dose consistency, additional protocol optimization is necessary for subjects exceeding 20 cm to mitigate SNR degradation caused by scattered radiation.
Development of Hydroxyapatite-Based Bone Phantoms from Blood Cockle Shells: Effect of Material Composition on X-ray Attenuation Chika Pricilla Putri Irawan; Devina Rayzy Perwitasari Sutaji Putri; Rahmawati Munir; Zetsaona Sihotang
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n2.p175-186

Abstract

Radiological phantom is a teaching and simulation tool designed to replicate the physical properties and characteristics of human body tissues, primarily for the evaluation of medical imaging. One alternative material for phantom fabrication is the blood cockle shell (Anadara granosa), which contains hydroxyapatite (HA). This study aims to investigate the effect of varying material compositions on the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) of X-rays in bone phantoms, as well as to determine the optimal composition that approximates the reference values of human bone. The research method involved mixing rice bran, resin, and HA powder synthesized from blood cockle shells in varying HA compositions of 20g, 25g, 40g, and 50g. Each phantom was then scanned using  a CT scanner to obtain CT Number values, which represent the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) values. The results showed that the correlation between composition and μ value was not entirely linear, due to the uneven distribution of HA and the presence of voids within the phantom structure. Among the four samples, the phantom with 40 grams of HA (Phantom 3) demonstrated the closest approximation to cortical bone characteristics, with an average CT Number of 1102.15 HU and a μ value of 0.441 cm⁻¹, approximating the attenuation coefficient of human cortical bone. These findings highlight the potential use of waste materials such as blood cockle shells as a main material for bone phantoms that can closely mimic human bone properties.
Porous Ceramics: The Role of Coffee Grounds and Rice Husk Ash in Physical and Mechanical Properties Fauzi; Evi Yufita; Afwandi Taga S; Rinaldi Romar; Musvira; Dini Rizqi Dwi Kunti Siregar; Endi Suhendi; Elin Yusibani
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n2.p117-131

Abstract

This research investigates the role of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and rice husk ash (RHA) as additives in clay mixtures for the production of porous ceramics. Three sample variations were tested. The first involved mixing SCGs with clay in weight percentages of 0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 and 20:80 %wt, using particles sized between 80 and 100 mesh. In the second variation, SCGs were replaced with RHA in similar proportions. The third variation used a fixed 10%wt SCG content, combined with varying RHA percentages (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20)%wt. Physical properties (density, porosity, water absorption) and mechanical properties (compressive strength) were evaluated. The results show that increasing the proportion of organic filler significantly decreases both density and compressive strength—by up to 45% and 97%, respectively—due to the reduced clay content. Conversely, porosity and water content increase with higher filler content. Among all samples, the clay–RHA mixture exhibited the highest compressive strength. Meanwhile, the combination of SCGs with 10%RHA produced ceramics with the lowest density, indicating the most porous structure.
Analysis of Image Quality Values of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) in T1 and T2 MRI Sequences of Brain Tumors Ainus Sarlianto Sarli; Pratiwi Sri Wardani; Adrianus Inu Natalisanto
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n2.p187-199

Abstract

Brain tumors are considered one of the most serious diseases that require accurate diagnosis to determine appropriate treatment strategies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) serves as the primary imaging modality, as it provides detailed visualization of brain structures without the use of ionizing radiation. The quality of MRI images can be evaluated using the parameters of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), both of which play an essential role in improving diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to determine and compare the SNR and CNR values of brain tumor MRI images in T1- and T2-weighted sequences, as well as to evaluate image quality based on these parameters. MRI data were obtained from publicly available online databases, followed by Region of Interest (ROI) analysis on tumor areas, healthy tissues (including white matter and gray matter), and background. SNR values were calculated as the ratio of the mean signal intensity of an ROI to the standard deviation of noise, while CNR values were calculated as the difference between the mean signal intensities of two ROIs divided by the standard deviation of noise. The Independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to assess differences between the T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The results demonstrated that the mean SNR and CNR values in the T2-weighted sequence were higher compared to those in the T1-weighted sequence, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the T2-weighted sequence has a greater ability to differentiate tissues and provide detailed structural visualization. Therefore, the T2-weighted sequence can be recommended as the primary choice for detailed anatomical evaluation and lesion detection in brain tumor MRI examinations.
Development of an ESP32-Based Resistivity Meter Instrument with Integration of ACS712 Current Sensor, ADS1115 Voltage Sensor and Neo6MV2 GPS Module Aryadi Nurfalaq; Rahma Hi. Manrulub; Irwan Ramli
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n2.p145-158

Abstract

This study aims to develop an ESP32-based resistivity meter instrument integrated with an ACS712 current sensor, an ADS1115 voltage sensor, and a Neo6MV2 GPS model. This IoT-based instrument can be operated remotely so that it can streamline measurements. The method used in this study is the R&D method where this method aims to create innovations in the form of new and applicable products, systems, or models, and test their effectiveness. The research stages start from hardware design assembled based on block diagrams, software design using the Arduino IDE using the C++ programming language, testing and data collection. The results of the study showed that the ADS 1115 sensor has an average measurement error (% error) of 5.1%, the ACS 712 current sensor has an average% error of 3.6%, and the Neo6MV2 GPS module has an average latitude difference of 0.000016 degrees (1.81 m) and longitude of 0.000025 degrees (2.83 m). Measurements can be performed remotely via smartphone using the ESP32 at a distance of 41 m. Comparison of the measurement data from the IoT resistivity meter with a standard resistivity instrument were obtained in the range of 7.771% - 12.815% with an average error of 9.625%. Based on these measurement results, the resistivity values ​​ this indicates that this instrument can be used to identify mined minerals and groundwater aquifers.
Optical and Electrical Characterization of ZnO:Ga₂O₃ Thin Films Synthesized by MASP for Oxygen Gas Sensor Applications Sulhadi; Hendra Dwi Gunawan; Putut Marwoto; Sugianto; Fristian Rifita; Hendi Prawiro Raharjo; Agus Nu'man
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v15n2.p132-144

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of oxygen (O₂) exposure on the optical and electrical properties of ZnO:Ga₂O₃ thin films synthesized by the Microwave-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis (MASP) method. A 3% Ga₂O₃ doping level was used as the optimal composition to enhance the film’s stability and conductivity. After deposition and annealing at 450 °C, the films were exposed to O₂ gas at pressures ranging from 0 to 400 mTorr to evaluate their oxygen detection capability. Optical properties were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, while electrical measurements were performed with an IV-meter employing the two-point probe method. The results show that the optical band gap increased from 3.19 eV to 3.23 eV with rising O₂ pressure due to the Burstein–Moss effect, indicating a shift of the Fermi level and carrier concentration change upon oxygen adsorption. Simultaneously, the electrical resistance increased from 1.05 × 10⁷ Ω to 1.25 × 10⁷ Ω, attributed to the formation of a surface depletion layer that reduces the density of free carriers. In addition, the sensitivity increased from 1.90% at 100 mTorr to 19.05% at 400 mTorr, indicating an increasingly pronounced electrical response with increasing oxygen pressure. The positive correlation between band gap and resistance confirms that oxygen exposure directly affects the film’s optoelectronic behavior. With high transparency, structural stability, and linear response to oxygen, the ZnO:Ga₂O₃ thin film demonstrates strong potential for real-time oxygen sensing applications.

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