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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Strategic Growth and Market Position of Artel Electronics Company Bekzodjon Oblakulov; Sardor Kuvandikov
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12710

Abstract

General Background: The consumer electronics industry in Central Asia is experiencing rapid growth, driven by rising demand for affordable and innovative household technologies. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, Artel Electronics has emerged since 2011 as a dominant local manufacturer, expanding from gas stoves to a portfolio of over 1,500 products across 33 categories. Knowledge Gap: Despite its strong domestic presence, limited international reach, digital engagement, and reliance on local suppliers constrain its global competitiveness. Aims: This study analyzes Artel’s strategic position through internal and external assessments, SWOT, and BCG matrix, to evaluate its marketing mix in B2B and B2C contexts. Results: Findings reveal that Artel’s success stems from its balance of quality and affordability, robust distribution network, and product diversification, while weaknesses include constrained global presence and insufficient e-commerce penetration. Novelty: Unlike prior analyses, this study integrates PESTEL and BCG perspectives to highlight how Artel can leverage sustainable practices, digital platforms, and international market entry to strengthen its positioning. Implications: The research suggests that adopting eco-friendly innovation, expanding digital channels, and targeting niche global segments will enhance Artel’s competitiveness, ensuring sustainable growth in a highly dynamic global electronics market. Highlights: Strong brand recognition and product diversification drive Artel’s market leadership. Limited international presence and weak digital channels remain key challenges. Sustainable innovation and global expansion are crucial for future growth. Keywords: Artel Electronics, Local Business, Business Clients.
Hormonal Alterations in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Nafi Ahmed Saud; Eman Naji Saleh; Elham Ahmed Mejbel
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12711

Abstract

General background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common endocrine disorders affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age, associated with infertility, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk. Specific background: Although PCOS is widely studied, the hormonal mechanisms underlying its heterogeneity remain insufficiently clarified, particularly in Middle Eastern populations. Knowledge gap: Limited data exist on the hormonal alterations across age groups of women with PCOS in Iraq, where prevalence is rising. Aims: This study investigated hormonal parameters—LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactin, T3, and TSH—among 50 PCOS patients compared with 25 healthy controls in Ramadi. Results: Findings showed significantly elevated LH, testosterone, prolactin, and TSH, alongside reduced T3, with the most pronounced LH increase in women aged 36–45 years (p < 0.05). FSH remained unchanged overall, while clinical signs such as menstrual irregularities, obesity, hirsutism, and galactorrhea were markedly more frequent in PCOS cases. Novelty: This study provides age-stratified evidence linking hormonal imbalances with clinical manifestations in Iraqi women, highlighting hypothyroidism as a contributing factor. Implications: The results underscore the importance of routine thyroid and hormonal monitoring, genetic screening, and lifestyle interventions in managing PCOS and reducing its reproductive and metabolic complications Highlights: PCOS patients showed significantly elevated LH, testosterone, prolactin, and TSH with reduced T3. Age group 36–45 years exhibited the highest hormonal imbalance, especially LH increase. Clinical manifestations included menstrual irregularities, obesity, hirsutism, and galactorrhea Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Hormonal Imbalance, Luteinizing Hormone, Hypothyroidism, Infertility
Car Rental Contracts Establish Lessee Liability for Vehicle Damage: Kontrak Sewa Mobil Menetapkan Tanggung Jawab Penyewa atas Kerusakan Kendaraan Achmad Adi Setiawan; Noor Fatimah Mediawati
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12712

Abstract

General Background: Lease agreements represent a common contractual relationship in civil law, regulating rights and obligations between property owners and lessees, including motor vehicle rental services that frequently generate legal disputes related to damaged rental assets. Specific Background: Disputes often arise when lessees refuse to assume responsibility for vehicle damage occurring during the rental period, creating financial losses and legal uncertainty for rental operators, as observed in a case study at Mas Joko car rental. Knowledge Gap: Limited legal scholarship examines practical implementation of lessee liability for rental vehicle damage through integrated normative and empirical analysis within Indonesian civil law practice. Aims: This study examines legal provisions governing lessee responsibility for vehicle damage under the Civil Code and explores legal settlement mechanisms available to rental owners when liability is denied. Results: Using normative legal research combined with empirical case analysis, findings indicate that under Civil Code provisions, particularly Articles 1548, 1560, 1239, and 1243, lessees bear legal responsibility for damage caused by negligence during the rental period unless proven as force majeure. Dispute resolution may proceed through non-litigation mechanisms such as negotiation, mediation, or arbitration, or through litigation procedures seeking compensation claims. Weak contractual documentation and insufficient evidence frequently hinder liability enforcement. Novelty: This research presents an integrated legal examination combining statutory analysis with real-world rental dispute practices through a structured case study approach. Implications: Strengthening written contract clauses, administrative documentation, and insurance utilization provides greater legal certainty and dispute prevention strategies for vehicle rental operations. Highlights: Statutory Provisions Assign Responsibility When Negligence During Rental Periods Is Proven. Alternative Dispute Resolution Offers Settlement Options Before Court Proceedings. Strong Written Agreements and Evidence Records Reduce Enforcement Obstacles. Keywords: Car Rental Contracts, Lessee Liability, Vehicle Damage Disputes, Civil Law Lease Agreements, Contract Breach Liability
Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Implementation and Child Accident Prevention Efforts in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Environment in Ketanggungan District, Brebes, Central Java: Analisis Implementasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dalam Upaya Pencegahan Kecelakaan pada Anak di Lingkungan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Kecamatan Ketanggungan, Brebes,Jawa Tengah Alda Dwi Rizki Aulia; Triana Srisantyorini; Nurfadhilah Nurfadhilah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12715

Abstract

Background: Early childhood settings require structured safety provisions due to children’s physical vulnerability and limited hazard awareness. Specific background: Although regulations and formal procedures exist, the consistency of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices varies across early childhood institutions. Knowledge gap: Limited research has examined differences in OSH practices based on accreditation levels within Early Childhood Education settings. Aims: This study analyzes OSH implementation and child accident prevention efforts in three institutions with different accreditation levels in Ketanggungan District, Brebes, Central Java. Results: Findings show incomplete and inconsistently applied procedures, inadequate facilities, limited teacher competence in safety practices, and reactive rather than preventive risk-control systems. Variations in OSH practices align with managerial capacity, resource availability, and cultural norms within each institution. Novelty: This study highlights disparities in OSH readiness across accreditation levels, offering a contextualized understanding of how structural and managerial conditions shape safety practices. Implications: Strengthening OSH implementation requires integrated procedures, routine training, structured risk management, and collaborative engagement among educators, parents, and school leaders to support safer and more sustainable learning environments. Highlights Variations in safety practices appear across institutions with different accreditation levels. Preventive measures remain limited due to insufficient procedures, facilities, and training. Strengthened collaboration among educators and parents supports safer learning environments. Keywords Occupational Safety And Health, Early Childhood Education, Accident Prevention, Safety Procedures, Learning Environment
New Pigment ( Khudhory Red Pigment ) to Evaluate Oocytes Viability Mudhafar Abdulhussein M. Al-khudhory
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12716

Abstract

General Background: Infertility remains a significant global health challenge, affecting approximately 60–80 million couples worldwide. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are widely employed to address infertility, and assessing oocyte viability is essential for ensuring the success of these techniques. Specific Background: The conventional trypan blue stain is commonly used for oocyte viability assessment, but concerns regarding its synthetic composition and potential cytotoxicity have prompted the search for safer alternatives. Knowledge Gap: Limited research has explored the use of natural pigments for oocyte viability testing, particularly those derived from antioxidant-rich sources like berries. Aims: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel natural pigment, named Khudhory Red, extracted from mulberry (Morus rubra), as an eco-friendly and safe alternative to trypan blue. Results: The pigment successfully differentiated viable and non-viable oocytes without causing cytotoxic effects, showing comparable performance to trypan blue in staining selectivity and clarity. Novelty: This is the first documented use of mulberry extract as a natural oocyte viability stain, demonstrating both safety and cost-effectiveness. Implications: The findings suggest Khudhory Red as a sustainable and biocompatible pigment for reproductive biology research, potentially replacing synthetic dyes in oocyte assessment.Highlight : The study successfully prepared a new pigment (Khudhory Red) to evaluate oocyte viability. The new pigment showed no side effects on oocytes and acted similarly to trypan blue. Khudhory Red is natural, organic, safe, cheap, and easily available. Keywords : Infertility, Oocyte, Khudhory Red Pigment, New Pigment, Trypan Blue
Convergence and Reciprocity in Cross Regional Santri Communication: Konvergensi dan Timbal Balik dalam Komunikasi Santri Lintas Wilayah rama adi wijaya; Kukuh Sinduwiatmo
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12717

Abstract

General Background: Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia serve as religious educational institutions and social environments where students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds interact. Specific Background: At Faqih Hasyim Islamic Boarding School, cross-regional santri encounter language differences and cultural diversity that shape their interpersonal interaction patterns. Knowledge Gap: Limited research explains how communication adaptation occurs among santri from different regions within multicultural pesantren settings. Aims: This study investigates communication adaptation processes among cross-regional santri using Interaction Adaptation Theory. Results: Using a qualitative descriptive approach through observation and in-depth interviews, the study identifies two dominant adaptation patterns, namely convergence mirroring, where students adjust linguistic style and behavior to resemble peers, and reciprocity compensation, where students maintain interaction balance through partial adjustment and flexibility. The findings also reveal the absence of divergence patterns, reflecting the pesantren cultural emphasis on harmony and social unity. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence of interaction adaptation dynamics within a multicultural Islamic boarding school context using Interaction Adaptation Theory as an analytical framework. Implications: The findings indicate that adaptive communicative competencies support the development of empathy, tolerance, and cohesive social relationships within diverse pesantren communities, contributing to intercultural communication discourse in Islamic educational institutions. Highlights: Two Interaction Adjustment Mechanisms Dominate Interpersonal Exchanges Among Students From Different Provinces. Harmony-Oriented Institutional Culture Discourages Contrasting Behavioral Responses During Social Interaction. Flexible Linguistic and Behavioral Alignment Supports Empathetic and Tolerant Relationships Within Diverse Learning Environmen Keywords: Interaction Adaptation Theory, Islamic Boarding Schools, Intercultural Communication, Language Differences, Multicultural Students
Optimization of Career Guidance through Orientation Services to Enhance Career Understanding of 11th Grade Students Wahyu Indah Sari; Yenti Arsini
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12719

Abstract

General Background: Education plays a vital role in developing human resources, and high school is a crucial stage where students must prepare for higher education or future careers. However, many students in Indonesia still struggle with unclear career goals and a lack of self-awareness. Specific Background: Existing career guidance programs in schools often remain underdeveloped due to limited resources and monotonous implementation. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have highlighted the importance of career guidance but have rarely focused on optimizing orientation services as a specific strategy to improve students’ career understanding.Aim: This study aims to optimize career guidance through orientation services based on Holland’s RIASEC theory to enhance the career understanding of 11th-grade students. Results: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, findings revealed that orientation services improved students’ self-awareness, confidence, and career decision-making ability. Novelty: The study uniquely integrates the RIASEC model within school-based orientation services, offering a structured and reflective career development framework.Implications: The findings suggest that continuous orientation services starting from Grade X can effectively strengthen students’ career planning and provide practical insights for counselors in designing more targeted and sustainable career programs. Highlights: Enhances students’ self-awareness and confidence in career decision-making. Integrates Holland’s RIASEC model into structured school orientation programs. Recommends continuous career guidance starting from Grade X for sustainability. Keywords: Orientation Services, Career Understanding, Riasec Theory, Career Guidance, High School Students
Analisis Rasch Model Bystander Effect Pada Bullying di SMP Negeri Mojokerto: Rasch Model Analysis of Bystander Effect on Bullying in Junior High School in Mojokerto Arfida Reta Sandeva; Widyastuti Widyastuti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12721

Abstract

Background: Bullying remains a critical issue in Indonesian junior high schools, where bystanders play a central role in either reinforcing or preventing aggressive behavior. Understanding students’ bystander tendencies is essential for developing effective school-based interventions. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the bystander effect in bullying cases among junior high school students using the Rasch measurement model. Methods: A descriptive quantitative design was employed involving 278 students from SMP Negeri 2 Pungging, Mojokerto, selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the School Bullying Bystander Scale (SBBS), adapted into Indonesian. Responses were analyzed using the Rasch Model to examine person measures, item functioning, and Wright maps. Differences across grade levels were tested using the Kruskal–Wallis method. Results: The findings indicate that most students tend to assume the defender role in bullying situations. However, significant differences were identified across grade levels, particularly in probully tendencies, with Grade VIII students showing higher scores compared to Grades VII and IX (p < 0.05). Rasch analysis revealed that 62 respondents were misfitting, suggesting response inconsistencies. One student demonstrated extreme probully behavior, while five students showed uncertainty in responding. Overall instrument reliability was acceptable, supporting the use of SBBS for assessing bystander roles. Conclusion: Although defender behavior predominates, the presence of probully tendencies—especially among Grade VIII students—highlights the need for targeted school interventions. The Rasch Model effectively mapped student bystander profiles and identified atypical response patterns. Future studies should involve broader samples and integrate intervention-based approaches to strengthen anti-bullying programs. Keywords: Bystander Effect, School Bullying, Junior High School, Rasch Model, Student Behavior Key Findings Highlights: • Most students exhibited defender tendencies in bullying situations.• Grade VIII students showed significantly higher probully behavior than other grades.• Rasch analysis detected 62 misfitting respondents, indicating response inconsistency and measurement noise.
Adaptasi dan Validasi Instrumen School Bystander Behaviour Scale (SBBS) untuk Siswa SMP: Analisis Rasch Model: (Adaptation and Validation of The School Bystander Behaviour Scale (SBBS) Instrumen for Junior High School Students: Rasch Model Analysis) Diky Zulkiflismin Zuhri; Widyastuti Widyastuti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12722

Abstract

General Background Bullying in junior high schools involves not only perpetrators and victims but also bystanders whose responses shape peer dynamics. Specific Background The School Bystander Behaviour Scale (SBBS) was developed to classify students as passive bystanders, defenders, or probully, yet it has not been adapted for Indonesian contexts. Knowledge Gap No prior study in Indonesia has examined SBBS using Rasch Model analysis. Aims This study aimed to adapt SBBS into Indonesian and evaluate its psychometric properties among 251 Grade 7–9 students using proportionate stratified random sampling. Results The adapted scale demonstrated adequate unidimensionality and excellent item reliability, although several items showed misfit statistics and low discrimination, while person reliability remained weak. Wright map analysis revealed item gaps and limited respondent ability variation, indicating the need for item refinement. Novelty This research provides the first Indonesian SBBS adaptation assessed through Rasch Model, offering detailed evidence on item functioning and respondent consistency. Implications The findings support the preliminary use of SBBS for measuring bystander behaviour in Indonesian junior high schools while highlighting the necessity of revising problematic items and improving data collection procedures to strengthen future applications. Keywords: School Bullying, Bystander Behaviour, Rasch Model, Instrument Adaptation, Junior High Students Key Findings Highlights: Several items require revision due to misfit and weak discrimination. Item reliability was excellent, while respondent consistency remained low. Wright map revealed gaps in item difficulty across student ability levels.
Prevalence and Determinants of Osteoporosis Among Adults Atheer Shehab Ahmed; Ahmed Khalid Abdullah; Sara Fawzi Sahm
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12723

Abstract

General background: Osteoporosis is a major global health concern, particularly among older adults and women, due to its association with fragility fractures, disability, and mortality. Specific background: In Iraq, limited research has examined the prevalence and determinants of osteoporosis, despite rising cases linked to aging and lifestyle factors. Knowledge gap: Few population-based studies have systematically explored the interaction of biological, reproductive, and lifestyle factors in shaping osteoporosis risk in Diyala province. Aim: This study investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis and identified significant risk factors among adults in Diyala. Results: A cross-sectional analysis of 190 participants (130 females, 60 males; aged 21–80) revealed a significant association between osteoporosis and factors such as menopause, breastfeeding practices, pregnancy number, and oophorectomy (p < 0.001). Age and gender were also significantly associated with prevalence, with women disproportionately affected. Novelty: Unlike prior studies that mainly assessed bone density, this research integrates demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle variables to clarify their relative contributions in a Middle Eastern context. Implications: Findings highlight the urgent need for targeted prevention programs, including lifestyle modification and public health education, to mitigate osteoporosis burden in Iraq and similar settings. Highlights: Osteoporosis prevalence is significantly higher in women, especially postmenopausal. Key risk factors include menopause, pregnancy history, breastfeeding, and oophorectomy. Findings emphasize the need for prevention through education and lifestyle modification. Keywords: Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Premenopausal.

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