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Fish Composition of Kwanar Farakwai Reservoir Igabi, Kaduna State, Nigeria M, Tanko M.; M, Obioha
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3694

The research titled ‘Determination of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Fish Composition of Kwanar Farakwai Reservoir Igabi, kaduna State, Nigeria’was conducted between July 2019 to June 2020. Reservoirs are natural or artificial lakes that provide habitat and food for many species of fish and wildlife. They are of significant importance because they hold populations of diverse fish species. A total of 942 fish comprising fourteen species belonging to 7 families were caught using an experimental gill net. Oreochromis niloticus dominated the catches with 405(43%) followed by Clarias gariepinus with 221 (23.46%). Monthly abundance of all the fish species caught, showed the highest in the month of October with 206 (21.87%), While January recorded 159 (16.88%) and the lowest was in June, 20 (2.12%). Fourteen species of fish belonging to Seven families with Cichlidae (53.5%) and Clariidae (39.7%) as the dominant families in both number and weight in the reservoir were recorded.

Phytochemical Analysis of Carrot, Red Pepper, Spinach and Lettuce Cultivated at Ajiwa, Batagarawa, Lambun Sarki and Dankama Vegetable Farms, Katsina State, Nigeria Dahiru, Sabiru; Salele, Yazid; Mathew, Twan Sale; Adam, Ansar Bilyaminu
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3724

Katsina state for long has been a major aggregation centre for cash crops including vegetables due to the availability of suitable land and adequacy of water supply, phytochemical analysis of vegitables cultivated at , batagarawa, lambun sarki and dankama vegetable farms were investigated, This study investigates the metabolites present in sample, the presence of tannins, flavonoids and saponins were tested. The results of the study showed the presence flavonoids, and tannins in lettuce, red pepper showed the presence only flavonoids, carrot showed the presence flavonoids, saponin and tannins, spinach showed the presence of tannin and saponin, while lettuce showed the presence Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids. Therefore, lettuce, spinach and carrot could serve as potential source of natural antioxidants, red pepper could serve as a source of both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

Challenges and Opportunities in Repurposing Natural Products for the Treatment of Neglected Trophical Diseases: A Review of Scaffold Optimization Strategies Abubakar, Musa Yahaya; Mathew, Twan Sale; Shamsuddeen, Ruslan; Abdullahi, Saeed; Bilyamin, Ansar; Chinedu, Emmanuel Kinsley
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3725

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are serious health issues that affect the entire world, especially in low-income tropical and subtropical areas, yet they do not get enough facilities. Natural items have great potential for treating NTD because of their varied chemical scaffolds. Nevertheless, there are a number of difficulties in optimizing these scaffolds for drug development. Attempts at synthesis and modification are complicated by the structural complexity of natural compounds. Economic and regulatory hurdles also obstruct advancement. Despite these difficulties, there are plenty of chances. Natural products are a significant source of structural variety that makes them ideal for drug discovery. developments in biotechnology and synthetic biology. Sustainable production is improved via biotechnology. Targeted optimization is made easier by advances in computer power and molecular understanding. Research collaborations can expedite the process of discovery and development. Finding efficient scaffolds can be done quickly by looking for NTD activity in already-existing natural product libraries. By tackling these issues scientifically and cooperatively, we can develop novel, practical, and affordable treatments for non-traumatic disabilities (NTDs), which will eventually improve the health of impacted communities.

Effect and Remediation of Environmental Pollution on the Concept of Chemistry - Review Abubakar, Musa Yahaya; Haladu, Mohammed; Titilayo, Ogunwole Adeshewa; Adam, Ansar Bilyamin
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3726

The science of chemistry has been greatly impacted by environmental degradation, which has led to important breakthroughs and changed educational perspectives. This review highlights the role of chemists in tackling global environmental concerns by examining the diverse effects of environmental contamination on the study of chemistry. Green chemistry principles, which attempt to design safer chemicals and processes that limit waste and lessen detrimental environmental impacts, have been motivated by pollution. Environmental chemistry, which focuses on the behavior, consequences, and mitigation of pollutants, has emerged as a crucial sub-discipline as a result of the pressing need to address pollution. In addition, pollution has made it necessary to integrate interdisciplinary techniques, bringing together the fields of chemistry, biology, environmental science, and engineering to provide novel ways to pollution treatment and control. Educational curricula have evolved to incorporate these trends, emphasizing sustainable practices and the environmental implications of chemical processes. This review highlights how the growing awareness of environmental pollution continues to drive innovation and shape the future of chemical education and research, underscoring the importance of chemists in developing sustainable solutions to protect our planet.

Assessment of Lead and Cadmium of Hand Dug Well Around Gold Mining Areas of Rimi Sumaila Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria Abubakar, Musa Yahaya; Dwanga, Danladi Mudwa; Adam, Ansar Bilyamin; Muhammad, Shittu Abubakar; Usman, Usman Sabiu
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3727

Heavy metals are essential element that are very important to the soil, their accumulation beyond the permissible limit causes a health risk as it may affect the soil and plants. Mining activities can generate large quantities of heavy metals laden waste which are released in an uncontrolled manner, causing widespread contamination of the ecosystem. Heavy metals are important for normal life psychological process and also provide enormous social and economic benefit to nations, the lung time adverse effect on the environment and public health cannot be overlooked This study investigates the presence of lead and cadmium metals hand dug well around gold mining areas of Rimi Local Government, Kano State. The metals determined were lead and chromium, and the permissible limit for lead in water is 0.1mg/L according to (WHO, 2008). By consideration with the WHO (2008) acceptable limit all the ten-hand dug well water in Rimi are beyond the permissible limit. The highest lead concentrations in water lead to several disease to body organs such as brain, kidney gastrointestinal tracts and central nervous system.

Studies on Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Flower Extract of Spathodea Campanulata J, Gani; I, Nkafamiya I.; A, Akinterinwa
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i2.4143

Spathodea campanulata is a medicinal plant useful in traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of some diseases of bacterial and none microbial origins. As a result of this, it becomes very important to investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the flower extract. 200 g of S. campanulata air dried flower ground to powder was extracted with methanol. The flower extracts showed qualitatively the presence of saponin, steroid, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenol, tannin, and terpenoids while glycosides were absent. S. camapanulata exhibits selective antimicrobial properties, being particularly effective against Staphylococcus and somewhat against Pseudomonas, but showing no significant activity against Candida or Aspergillus.

Detection of Antibiotics Resistance Genes and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella spp from Clinical and Poultry Samples in Yenagoa Metropolis of Bayelsa D, Eboh D.; V, Anyiam I.
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i2.4275

Salmonellae are facultative anaerobes, intracellular Gram-negative motile bacteria. They are one of the most important zoonotic pathogens transmitting among humans and animals and are responsible for high cases of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of hosts. Due to the similarity of antibiotic classes used to treat animals and humans, there is a high risk for the emergence of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Thus, this study was aimed at detection of antibiotics resistance genes and molecular characterization of Salmonella spp from clinical and livestock samples. Hundred (100) stool samples comprising of fifty (50) clinical and fifty (50) poultry were respectively collected from Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Yenagoa, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDUTH), Okolobiri, Diette Koki hospital, Opolo, and poultry farms at Swali, Kpansia and Azikoro. The samples were analyzed by culture using various enrichment, selective and differential media (selenite F broth, bismuth sulphite agar and MacConkey agar), biochemical tests, and molecular methods. Eleven (11) isolates were recovered from the samples comprising of two (2) clinical and nine (9) poultry, and resulting in a prevalence of 4% and 18% respectively. The result of the antibiotic profile showed that all isolates were multi drug resistant to ceftriaxone (63.6%), ofloxacin (0%), gentamicin (9.1%), co-trimoxazole (36.4%), levofloxacin (9.1%), clindamycin (90.9%), augmentin (72.7%), cefixime (100%), nitrofurantoin (100%), tazobactam/piperacillin (72.7%) and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). Following the biofilm test analysis, none of the recovered isolates is a biofilm former hence, there is no relationship between biofilm formation and the high level of resistance recorded. Screening for the presence of resistance genes revealed that 83.3% of the isolates have tet A. 66.7% have SHV gene while 16.7% have VEB and NDM genes respectively. This depicts a strong correlation between the observed high level of antimicrobial resistance amongst the isolates and prevalence of resistance genes. The phylogenetic analysis result showed that the evolutionary distances as computed were in agreement with the phylogenetic placement of the 16S rRNA of the isolates within the Salmonella, Shigella and Proteus spp and revealed a closely relatedness to the Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Proteus columbae and Proteus cibarius. The study established that only the fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides can be relied upon in the effective treatment of infections with MDR Salmonella, Shigella and Proteus spp and restriction of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animals will be an effective measure to stop/prevent uncontrollable outbreaks of infections due to these isolates even as antibiogram results are constantly monitored worldwide.

Evaluation of the Antidiarrheal Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Senna surattensis on Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhea in Rats Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Samson, Mary; Adamu, Yusuf Muhammad
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i1.4535

Diarrheal disease is a major health problem in developing countries. It is the second leading cause of death among children under five globally; accounting for about 9 percent of all deaths. This study was aimed at evaluating the antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Senna surattensis. The antidiarrheal effect of the extract was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea model. Loperamide was used as the standard drug. Thirty (30) Wistar rats were divided into six (6) groups of five (5) rats each. Groups I and II served as the normal and negative controls respectively, group III as standard treatment and groups IV, V and VI as test groups. The extract was administered orally at three different doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg to groups IV, V and VI respectively. The extract exhibited a graded dose-dependent inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhea. The stool inhibition was highly significant at 100 mg/kg (88.1% inhibition) and maximal at 400 mg/kg (100% inhibition). The maximal effect produced by the extract at 400 mg/kg (100% inhibition) is similar to that of the standard drug (5 mg/kg loperamide) which produced 97.6% inhibition. The extract also exhibited a modest dose-dependent reduction on the distance travelled by the charcoal meal. This extract high doses, significantly decrease the volume of the intestinal content when compared to that of the negative control. The results obtained from this study suggests that the aqueous leaf extract of Senna surattensis have significant antidiarrheal effect on animal models and this finding supports the traditional use of this plant extract for treatment and or management of diarrhea.

Perception of Herbal Medicine in the Management of Ocular Hypertension: A Case Study of Egor Local Government Area, Edo State Odjimogho, Stella E.; Ogbeide, Faith Osemudiamen; Odjimogho, Sunny E.; Gabriel, Benjamin O.
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i1.4589

Traditional medicine is “the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures. This study was to determine the perception of preference for traditional medicine to modern medicine in the management of ocular problems amongst adults aged between 18-80 years, in Egor local government area, Benin city. A cross- sectional study was conducted on adults residing in Egor local government area, Benin city with the use of an interview-based questionnaire. The results of this study showed that 39 representing 16.9% of the respondents in the study population used traditional medicine while 180 representing 77.9% without the use of traditional medicine. However, there was no statistically difference between the socio-demographic variables and the use of traditional eye medicines (P>0.05). In conclusion, this study will help clinicians to gain knowledge on the reasons for preference of traditional medicine to orthodox medicine in the treatment of eye problems. It would enable Eye care practitioners increase advocacy on the possible consequences of their choices in order to help the people make informed decisions. It is therefore recommended there should be public enlightenment on the possibility of adverse effects in traditional medicine for the management of ocular problems.

Anti-intra Ocular Pressure of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Leaf Aqueous Extract on Prednisolone-Induced intra Ocular Pressure in Rabbits Odjimogho, Stella E.; Idu, MacDonald; Odjimogho, Sunny E.; Gabriel, Benjamin O.
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i1.4590

Intraocular pressure is generated by the dynamics of secretion and outflow of aqueous humour, a transparent colorless fluid (secretion) that fills the complex space in the front part of the eye. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Stachytarpheta jamaicensi leaf aqueous extract on induced intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits to validate its ocular potential. The experiment involved twenty five (25) healthy adult rabbits (n=5), divided into negative positive and positive control (0.5% timolol), and the treatment groups (SJ) at graded concentrations (0.00351, 0.00702 and 0.0143 mg/ml).The baseline IOP value of all rabbits were measured with Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer before the commencement of the study. Thereafter, the IOP of the experimental and treatment groups were induced with daily instillation of 1% prednisolone suspension for one week until IOP reading was 5 mm. Hg above the baseline level. The treatment groups were administered with varying concentrations of the aqueous extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. The IOP was also measured at intervals before each application of aqueous extract until the IOP returned to baseline level. The result showed the distribution of the mean IOP before, and after instillation with 1% Prednisolone suspension and the treatment with varying concentrations of S. jamaicensis extract. The observed mean IOP before and after the treatment with prednisolone was 8.77±0.5 mmHg, and 14.2±0.51 mmHg respectively. After oral application of S. jamaicensis extract had a significant mean IOP decrease across the days when compared with the controls. The decrease in mean IOP was observed with a significant increase at higher concentrations of the extract, hence the plant caused a reduction in IOP level. Inconclusion, the plants have been implicated in reducing intraocular pressure in rabbits, thus may be helpful in the management of intraocular pressure (IOP), thereby, required further study to validate the efficacy of the extract.

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Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA