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Articles 67 Documents
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Assessment of Fish Fauna In Oguta Lake, Imo State, Niger Delta, Eastern Nigeria K, Osijaye Gabriel; G, Bob-Manuel Faye-Ofori; F, Igbani
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3502

Abstract

A fifty-seven (57) week investigation was carried out from September, 2019 to September, 2020 covering wet and dry seasons, to determine the fish fauna and its nomenclature in the Oguta Lake, Imo state, Niger Delta, eastern Nigeria. This research work was aimed at providing information on the fish stock and fish identification. During the assessment, fish samples were randomly collected from fishers twice weekly from five sampling stations along the River. The fishes collected were counted, and identified with identification keys. Species diversity and catches were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA P<0.05) and Pearson correlation (2 tailed). The diversity and relative abundance were determined using standard methods. Results revealed that, the River was composed of 43 fish species belonging to 18 families, 10 orders and 29 genera from a total catch of 4,250. Fish species diversity was reported highest in the family Cichlidae (18.60%), Characidae (13.95%), Mormyridae and Bagridae (9.30%), Mochokidae (6.98%), Citharinidae; Clariidae; Schilbeidae; Polypteridae and Channidae (4.65%), Cyprinidae; Distichodontidae; Notopteridae; Hepsetidae; Malapteruridae; Osteoglossidae; Protopteridae and Gymnarchidae (2.33%). Fishing gears used were cast nets , gill nets, gura net traps, seine nets, drag nets, dugout canoe, drift nets, longlines, hooks and lines, baskets; spears. This river showed high fish species diversity, although some species showed higher diversity values than others due to fish gear types, mesh size, duration and station. There was a very high correlation of fish species in station 2, 3 and 4; there was no correlation of species in station 5 with stations 4, 3, 2 and 1. This study could serve as a baseline data to relevant bodies in the management and sustainability of the fisheries resources. The human activities along the Oguta Lake should be checked to avoid undue alteration of the ecosystem and subsequently the fishing grounds and fish species habitats. The fish species of this lake is said to be endangered of its fish species abundance and distribution.
Proximate Composition and Bacteriological Quality of Some Vegetables Sold in Parts of Taraba State, North-Eastern Nigeria Hammuel, Chrinius; Tatah, Silas Verwiyeh; Briska, and Joyce
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3503

Abstract

Market-sold fresh vegetables are subjected to a variety of contaminants or pollutants. The proliferation of microorganisms, like bacteria, in food is caused by growth-promoting environmental conditions. Determining the bacterial quality and proximate composition of some lettuce and cabbage sold in certain areas of Taraba State is the goal of this study. The samples were collected from Taraba North (Jalingo and Zing Markets) and Taraba South (Wukari and Donga Markets), and their nutritional makeup or proximate composition was determined using method adopted from Association of Official Analytical Chemists and bacterial count was carried out using pour plate method. The mean moisture content of the vegetables was higher in cabbage (95.41±0.04) and lettuce (96.82±0.52) from Donga. Lettuce and cabbage from Jalingo had ash content of 0.99±0.04 and 0.91±0.04 respectively. Cabbage (0.70±0.88) and lettuce (0.85±0.026) from Jalingo and Zing respectively were found to have a high protein composition. The cabbage samples from Wukari (0.60±0.04) and Jalingo (0.38±0.02) had higher mean lipid contents. Cabbage from Wukari had a higher mean fibre composition (3.95±0.10). The amount of carbohydrates in lettuce from Wukari was found to be higher (3.94±0.08). The total bacterial count mean values were higher in the cabbage sample collected from the Zing market (1.43×107±1.43×105) and higher in the fresh lettuce sample collected from Wukari market (1.52×107±4.9×105). Bacterial contamination can cause vegetables to deteriorate and lose important nutrients. Vegetables sold in markets should therefore be properly washed and prepared before eating.
Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Groundnut Production in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria A, Olayiwola S.; A, Oniga M.
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3632

Abstract

The study analyzed the technical efficiency of groundnut production in Wukari Local Government of Taraba State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed in the study with the use of 120 structured questionnaires. The result showed that majority of the farmers were male with mean age of 39.18 years. Majority (53.35%) were married, the average mean of the household size was 7.14 and farm size was 3.61, which was acquired through inheritance (42.5%). Also, 30.8% of the respondents used family labor and 57.5% of the respondents having <100000 as their income level. Average gross margin for groundnut production in the study area was N147,513.92/ha. The return on investment was estimated to be N0.55, which implies that for every N1 expended, the farmer is expected to earn N0.55 in return. The result from the technical efficiency showed that farm size, fertilizer, seed and labour were all significant while the result from the technical inefficiency showed that educational level, farming experience, age and farm size were all significant. In conclusion, the study shows that groundnut production is a profitable business and was recommended that groundnut producers be encouraged to increase their scale of production to increase their yield, stakeholders in the sector should make provision for incentives such as in-service extension training to improve groundnut productivity also, implementation of policies that would encourage farm owners to form cooperative/organization or join the existing ones in the study area.
Analysis of Bioactive Constituents (HPLC) of Chloroform Leaf Extract from Kalanchoe pinnata in Takum, Taraba State Nigeria Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde; Wilson, Ubur Terzulum; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3676

Abstract

HPLC techniques were employed to analyze the bioactive components of the chloroform leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf from Takum in Taraba State. A botanist from Taraba State University's Department of Biological Sciences in Jalingo identified the plant leaves, which were then gathered, cleaned, and processed. Using cold maceration, extraction was done by weighing 1500g of the powdered leaf into 1 liter of ethanol and distill water, respectively. Until further investigation, the extracts were stored in a refrigerator in a firmly closed container. The injection valve was used for the HPLC analysis, and the conditions were 20 μl, a UV variable wavelength detector (set at 300 nm), reprosol 100 C8mn, 5 μm 4.6 x 150mm column (30°C), and sensitivity of 0.001. Phosphate buffer (v/v) was used as an aqueous solvent (A) and CH3CN as an organic solvent (B) in HPLC. Gradient elution of the analytes occurred at a flow rate of 1 milliliter per minute. Software generated chromatograms. Operating temperature of the HPLC instrument was room temperature (23 ± 2°C). After injecting 20 μl of each diluted extract into the HPLC three times, the average peak areas were produced and utilized for quantification. Based on the HPLC analysis, the chloroform leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata contained the following bioactive constituents: quercetin, gallic acid, and chlorogenic acid. Additionally, the presence of vitamins B1 and B3 was also noted. The different bioactive constituents eluted at different retention times, and their respective amounts were also detected.
Stembark Methanol Extract of P. americana: Total Antioxidant Capacity, Total Flavonoids Content, Total Phenolics Content and Its Flavonoids, Vitamins and Amino Acids Profile Yakubu, Ojochenemi E.; Abu, Michael S.; Danjuma, Janya; Umaru, Isaac John; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3677

Abstract

This research investigated the total antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids content, total phenolics content as well the flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids profile of stembark methanol extract of P. americana. Plant materials have been known be rich source of various medicinal active ingredients. These may include alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins as well as nutritional components including sugars, amino acids as well as proteins in addition to other vital components. The stembark of P. americana was harvested in its plant in Baissa, Taraba State, Nigeria. The plant material was air dried and pulverized and soaked in methanol for 72 hours before filtration. The filtrate was further concentrated using rotary evaporator and water bath. The concentrate was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity using DPPH, flavonoids content using aluminium chloride and phenolics content using folin ciocaltue. Flavonoids, vitamins and amin acids profile was determined using HPLC. The result total antioxidant capacity shows that inhibition increased with concentration with the 100µL/100mL had inhibition percentage of 87.88% whereas the lowest concentration of 31.25µL/100mLhad the inhibition percentage of 40.14%. The results for total flavonoid content and total phenolics content show significant levels with 42.21±0.23mg QE/100g and 33.65±3.02mg GAE/100g respectively. The result for flavonoid and phenolics profile reveals that quercetin and caffeic acid phenyl ester were identified with 0.50% and 99.50% respectively. For vitamins, vitamin K was detected with 0.40%, vitamin B1 with 80.20% and vitamin B2 with 19.50% abundance. There seven different amino acids identified, these include asparagine, threonine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and arginine. The outcomes reveal that the plant material could possess important phytochemicals which could be used in disease treatment as well as vital macromolecules that can be used as supplements.
Determination of Aflatoxin Levels in Cereals and Leguminous Grains Selected Cereals and Leguminous Grains Retailed in Wukari, Taraba State Chinonso, Anih David; Kayode, Arowora; Umaru, Isaac John; Chinedu, Imo; Ale, Ebenezer Morayo; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3689

Abstract

Aflatoxins are group of secondary fungal metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The aflatoxin producing moulds can grow on cereals and legumes in the field, poorly dried harvested crops in storage, processed food, and feed products. The study was carried out with the aim to determine the level of aflatoxin contamination of cereals grain and legumes retailed in Wukari, Taraba State Nigeria. A total Sixty-three (63) samples were procured from different vendors from the markets namely, new and old markets in Wukari and Dorowa Market, which comprises of 3 samples each of millet, maize, rice, groundnut, sesame seeds and soy beans. The samples were grounded and extracted with 80% (v/v) methanol. The enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was used in quantifying the total aflatoxin content of the samples. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the aflatoxin levels of shelled melon seeds while there was a significant difference in shelled groundnut, soybeans and millet samples purchased from all the markets. Aflatoxin levels in cereals and legumes retailed in Wukari, Taraba State ranged from 0.57-1.17µg/kg in shelled groundnut samples, 0.47-2.27µg/kg in shelled melon samples, 1.53-3.17µg/kg in sesame seed samples, 0.10-0.20µg/kg in soybean samples, 3.11-13.10µg/kg in maize samples, 6.13-15.4µg/kg in millet samples, and 0.471.0µg/kg in parboiled rice samples. the levels of aflatoxin in the samples which was observed to be highest in millet sample procured from Dorowa market with a value of 15.43±0.15% and lowest in soy bean bean sample procured from Dorowa and New market Wukari with a value of 0.10±0.00%. These aflatoxin levels were within the permissible limits for total aflatoxins recommended by FDA and NAFDAC for all products intended for food, hence these cereals and legumes analysed in this study are safe for human consumption.
Enhancing Water Health Monitoring with ML Techniques for Detection of Coliform Bacteria: A Review Abhadionmhen, Abel Onolunosen; Abhadiomhen, Stanley Ebhohimhen
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3690

Abstract

Water health monitoring is critical for ensuring safe drinking water and preventing waterborne diseases. Traditional methods for detecting coliform bacteria, including culture-based techniques and biochemical tests, are well-established but face limitations such as time consumption, high costs, and labor intensity, particularly in resource-limited settings like Nigeria. Recent cholera outbreaks in Nigeria have underscored the urgent need for more effective and timely water quality monitoring solutions. This review explores the application of machine learning (ML) techniques in enhancing the detection of coliform bacteria, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods. ML approaches, including Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and Ensemble Methods, are evaluated for their potential to provide faster, more accurate, and scalable detection of coliform contamination. The review highlights key challenges, such as data quality, computational demands, and infrastructure limitations, and discusses real-world case studies demonstrating the practical applications and limitations of ML techniques. The integration of ML models into water monitoring systems shows considerable promise but requires addressing critical issues related to data quality and model feasibility in low-resource settings. Future research directions include exploring hybrid systems that combine ML with traditional methods, leveraging emerging technologies like edge computing, and enhancing model robustness through innovative data strategies. By advancing the application of ML in water health monitoring, it is possible to improve public health outcomes and effectively manage waterborne diseases.
Effects of AlCl3 on the Liver Function of Wistar Rats Treated with Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts Yusufu, Dawoye; Zinas, Simon Teza; Shenia, Zephaniah Hananiah; C, Ugwuoke Kenneth; Umaru, Isaac John; Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi; Grace, Onwubiko N.; Henry, Onwubiko A.; Audu, Anthony Mishara; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3691

Abstract

In this study ALT and AST levels of experimental rats were significantly (p<0.05) increased from 11.91 ± 0.20 and 11.83 ± 0.40 to 57.23 ± 0.24 and 59.29 ± 0.50 respectively due to intoxication with aluminum chloride. When rats were treated with ethanol and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera at 100 mg/kg the levels of ALT dropped down to 11.62 ± 0.40 and 11.61 ± 0.17 respectively and the AST levels dropped to 11.39 ± 0.25 and 11.42 ± 0.15 respectively. A further increase in the concentrations of both extracts to 400 mg/kg resulted to a significant elevation of ALT 11.93 ± 0.17 (ethanol) and 11.94 ± 0.07 (aqueous) and AST 11.77 ± 0.25 (ethanol) and 11.78 ± 0.15 (aqueous). AST and ALT are common liver enzymes because of their higher concentrations in hepatocytes, but only ALT is remarkably specific for liver function. Therefore, an elevation in serum concentration of ALT is an indication of liver damage. The preliminary phytochemical screening for seed extracts of Moringa oleifera revealed that flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, steroids and reducing sugars tannins were present in both the ethanol and aqueous extracts. Saponins and tannins were only found in the aqueous and ethanol extracts respectively. Experiments to observe for lethal conditions or changes in behavior showed no lethality or behavioral change at doses of 10, 100, 1000, 1600 and 2900 mg/kg bw. Weakness and drowsiness was exhibited at a dosage of 5000 mg/kg bw but no death occurred within 24 hrs. of administration.
Effects of Brassica oleraceae Leaves on Serum Liver Function of Wistar Rats Intoxicated with Prednisolone Amen, Ananias; Yusufu, Dawoye; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3692

Abstract

The recent study investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Brassica oleracaeae leaves on prednisolone induced toxicity in male albino rats. Liver markers were assayed in order to investigate the toxic effect of prednisolone and the ameliorating effects of the extract. Sixteen (16) rats grouped in to four (n=4) were administered prednisolone and ethanol leaves extract based on the experimental design. The male albino rats were sacrificed after the experimental period of fourteen (14) days, blood was collected for assay of the liver function by ocular puncture. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased from 5.67 ± 5.13 and 6.67 ±7.02 to 26.67 ± 8.02 and 25.00 ± 4.00 respectively when rats where administered with prednisolone toxicity. Upon treatment of rats with ethanol leaves extract of B. oleraceae at 100mg/kg, the concentration of AST and ALT were lowered to 7.67 ± 6.81 and 8.00 ± 7.55 respectively. A further increased in the concentration of the extract to 300mg/kg resulted to a significant (p<0.05) increased of AST (9.33 ± 8.12) and ALT (12.00 ± 10.00) levels. Similarly, the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Albumin increases in the group that were administered with prednisolone however, when rats were treated with ethanol leaves extract of Brassica oleracaeae such concentrations were decreased. The findings of this study can be concluded that, the ethanol leaves extract of Brassica oleracaeae showed capacity in ameliorating the effects induced by prednisolone intoxication.
Effects of AlCl3 on the Enzymatic Antioxidants of Wister Rats Treated with Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts Yusufu, Dawoye; Zinas, Simon Teza; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Amen, Ananias; Umaru, Isaac John; Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi; Grace, Onwubiko N.; Henry, Onwubiko A.; Audu, Anthony Mishara; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3693

Abstract

Determination of Malondialdehyde, MDA in blood plasma or tissue homogenates is one of the useful methods to predict the oxidative stress levels. The current study investigates the ameliorative effects of the seed extracts of Moringa oleifera on 35 albino rats induced with AlCl3 toxicity. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (Superoxide Dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; Glutathione Peroxidase, GPx and Malondialdehyde, MDA were assayed. The plant seed extracts were shown to reduce the levels of MDA increased by AlCl3. AlCl3 caused decrease in (glutathione peroxidase) GPx levels as it causes MDA to significantly get elevated. The results showed that GPx decreased from 9.48 ± 0.86 to 6.68 ± 1.73 but upon treatments with 100 mg/kg bw of M. oleifera, GPx levels increased to 8.84 ± 0.86 (ethanol) and 8.96 ± 0.86 (aqueous). Increasing the concentrations of the extracts further increased the GPx levels while MDA were reduced.

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