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Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Modern Therapeutic Approaches Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5640

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is an ailment of the gastrointestinal tract that is quite common and is marked by the development of open lesions known as ulcers in the stomach as well as in the proximal duodenum. It arises as a consequence of the imbalance between the protective enzymatic mechanisms of the mucosa, and the injurious agents like gastric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori, and even non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While many ulcers heal spontaneously, complications such as bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction can lead to serious morbidity or mortality. With PUD, they can be treated and/or prevented if basic instruction is provided alongside a proper overview of the condition's etiological basis. In this case, pharmacological therapy and endoscopic procedures are heavily applicable.

IBS: Pathophysiology and Management Challenges Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5641

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a widespread functional gastrointestinal ailment with chronic abdominal pain, change in bowel movements, and reduced quality of life as hallmarks. Unlike organic diseases, IBS is idiopathic—diagnosed in the absence of structural or biochemical disturbances, which makes disease management more difficult. The causes of IBS are heterogeneous: dysregulation of gut-brain axis, visceral hypersensitivity, motility disorders, changes in microbiome, and psychosocial aspects contribute to it. This article explains causes of IBS, symptomatology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options multidisciplinary with a focus on tailored dietary intervention, medication, psychotherapy, as well as alternative methods.

Preserving Biodiversity: The Vital Role of Flora and Fauna in Global Sustainability Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemi, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5814

The ecological balance of the planet, human well-being, and the vitality of natural systems are inextricably linked to the diversity of flora and fauna—biological resources that sustain life through myriad ecosystem services. Flora, comprising the world’s plant life, is fundamental to oxygen production, carbon sequestration, and photosynthetic energy transfer, forming the base of nearly all food webs. Fauna, encompassing animal life, plays critical roles in pollination, seed dispersal, pest regulation, and nutrient cycling. The vast biodiversity encapsulated in global flora and fauna represents the outcome of millions of years of evolution and adaptation. However, unprecedented anthropogenic pressures—including deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and biological invasions—have precipitated significant biodiversity loss in the twenty-first century. This decline jeopardizes not only ecological stability but also the essential services that underpin human health, agriculture, and economic development. In response, disciplines such as environmental science, conservation biology, and sustainable development have mobilized to advocate for the protection of biodiversity through international frameworks like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), targeted species and habitat conservation programs, and enhanced biodiversity monitoring systems. This paper underscores both the intrinsic and utilitarian value of biodiversity, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated global action. Ensuring the persistence of biological diversity demands reinforced environmental governance, expanded protected area networks, ecological restoration, and the integration of sustainability principles into development agendas. The survival of flora and fauna is not only an environmental imperative but a foundation for human resilience and planetary sustainability.

Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Peperomia pellucida on Anxiety in Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epileptic Seizure in Mice Enene, Esu Ukpai; Ango, Ashiya; Ajah, Obia Ukwula; Ating, Ante Iniobong; Ukoh, Imoh Emmanuel
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5815

Although Peperomia pellucida has been traditionally used to manage central nervous system disorders, its anxiolytic properties remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-anxiety potential of ethanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic mouse model. Forty male Swiss albino mice (21–35 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): Group A (control), Group B (PTZ 35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), Group C (PTZ 35 mg/kg + P. pellucida 2 mg/kg, orally), and Group D (PTZ 35 mg/kg + Diazepam 0.001 mL/kg, orally). Epilepsy was induced via PTZ, confirmed by characteristic jerky movements progressing to generalized convulsions. Treatment was administered for 14 days prior to behavioral assessments. Anxiolytic activity was evaluated using the elevated plus maze and light/dark transition test. Behavioral data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20, with significance set at p < 0.001. Mice treated with P. pellucida exhibited significant reductions in anxiety-like behavior compared to the PTZ-only group, demonstrating increased time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and in the light compartment of the light/dark box. These effects were comparable to those observed in the Diazepam-treated group. The findings suggest that ethanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida possesses notable anti-anxiety activity in PTZ-induced epileptic mice, supporting its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent for anxiety-related conditions.

Microbial Quality Assessment of Kunun Zaki Local Beverages Sold in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria Chidi, Obasi Blessing; Bulus, Gago Nasiha
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.6138

Kunun-zaki is a traditional indigenous beverage widely consumed in Northern Nigeria, typically prepared from millet, guinea corn, or maize. Milky in appearance, kunun-zaki is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, but low in protein content, and is often consumed within a few hours of production. This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of kunun-zaki sold in Wukari metropolis to evaluate its safety for consumer intake. A total of 40 kunun-zaki samples were collected from vendors across four different clusters, with ten samples obtained from each zone. The samples were analyzed for microbial load using standard microbiological procedures. Results indicated total aerobic plate counts ranging from 9.8×10⁵ to 1.0×10⁵ cfu/ml in Zone A; 9.7×10⁵ to 1.21×10⁵ cfu/ml in Zone B; 9.7×10⁵ to 1.0×10⁵ cfu/ml in Zone C; and 4.96×10⁵ to 1.12×10⁵ cfu/ml in Zone D. Bacterial isolates identified across all zones included Staphylococcus spp. (24.6%), Escherichia coli (20.9%), Micrococcus (19.7%), Pseudomonas (9.2%), Salmonella spp. (7.4%), Bacillus spp. (6.17%), Klebsiella spp. (4.3%), Vibrio spp. (3.08%), and Enterobacter spp., which appeared in Zones A (2.4%) and D (4.87%). The high bacterial load and presence of pathogenic species indicate significant contamination, posing potential health risks to consumers. The study concludes with a call for stringent hygienic practices among producers and vendors during the preparation and storage of kunun-zaki to safeguard public health.

Genomic Insights into Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella typhi: A Bioinformatics-Based Surveillance Model from Public Datasets with Implications for Resource-Limited Settings Usiabulu, Ehizokhale Jude; Abhadionmhen, Abel Onolunosen; Iduku, Husseni
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.6485

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella typhi represents an escalating global health challenge, particularly in regions with limited capacity for surveillance and treatment. This study investigates the genetic diversity and AMR mechanisms of S. typhi strains using publicly available genomic data. Twenty genomes were retrieved from GenBank and analyzed to identify resistance genes and genetic variations. The analysis focused on key AMR determinants, including blaTEM (beta-lactam resistance), qnrS (quinolone resistance), and aac(3)-I (aminoglycoside resistance), assessing their distribution across isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial genetic diversity and indicated clonal dissemination of strains with similar resistance profiles. Mutation screening of gyrA and parC genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance identified recurrent mutations, underscoring their role in resistance development. Bioinformatics tools such as BLAST+, Prokka, ResFinder, and iTOL were employed for sequence alignment, gene annotation, AMR gene detection, and phylogenetic reconstruction. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of bioinformatics approaches in AMR surveillance, especially in resource-constrained settings where direct sample collection is often impractical. This study highlights the pervasive presence of AMR genes in S. typhi and reinforces the value of genomic surveillance in tracking resistance trends and informing targeted public health interventions. The research offers a novel and efficient model for AMR monitoring and provides foundational insights into resistance mechanisms in S. typhi, with implications for regions affected by AMR, such as Northeast Nigeria.

Combined Effects of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances from Vaginal Lactobacillus Isolated from Clinical Sample on Group B Streptococcus Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Usman Ikrimah; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Daniel, Benjamin Nanisi
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.6963

This study investigates the prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and the potential inhibitory effects of bacteriocin-like substances produced by Lactobacillus species in pregnant women in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Lactobacillus species, known as non-pathogenic Gram-positive rods, are commonly found in the vaginal microbiota of healthy premenopausal women, where they play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health through their antimicrobial properties. The study aimed to determine the incidence of GBS colonization and explore the antimicrobial activity of crude and partially purified bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from Lactobacillus isolates against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A total of 50 vaginal swab samples were collected from pregnant women. The results revealed that 11 women (22%) were colonized by Group B Streptococcus, while 14 women (28%) tested positive for Lactobacillus presence. The bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by the Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against GBS, with optimal inhibitory effects observed at 30°C and pH 5.5. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin were effective against GBS isolates. The findings underscore the potential role of Lactobacillus-derived bacteriocins as natural antimicrobial agents in the prevention and control of GBS infections, particularly in pregnant women. This study also reinforces the importance of monitoring GBS colonization due to its implications for maternal and neonatal health.

Evaluating the Challenges Affecting Tourism Development in Gashaka Gumti National Park Silas, Akafa Konde; Madaki, Kanati; Chibuma, Gani Saidu
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i3.7350

This study evaluates the key challenges hindering tourism development in Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria. Data were collected through 100 structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaires administered to park staff, with responses analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 and descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that the continuous presence of enclave communities within the park poses a major threat to its sustainability, as livelihood activities such as farming, poaching, lumbering, mining, honey harvesting, open grazing, fishing, and bush burning negatively affect park development. Additional challenges identified include lack of cooperation from enclave communities, impacts of climate change, attacks on rangers, inadequate manpower, insufficient budgetary allocation, and poor ranger welfare. The study concludes that these challenges significantly constrain the park’s tourism potential and conservation efforts. It recommends increased resource allocation by the Federal Government of Nigeria, along with improved ranger welfare, stronger community engagement, and enhanced manpower capacity, to ensure more effective management and sustainable tourism development in Gashaka Gumti National Park.

Effects of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Annona senegalensis on Kidney Function and Lipid Profile in Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Abbas, Khalid Yahuza; Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza; Ekunyi, Agbo Chibuike; Ikira, Usman; Okang, Ogar Fonne; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Frank, Otashu Kenneth; Philip, Shadrach
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i3.7358

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the anticancer properties of Annona senegalensis stem bark extract in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats. Liver carcinogenesis was induced in groups II–VI by intraperitoneal injection of DEN (50 mg/kg body weight in DMSO) once weekly for three weeks. Group II served as the negative control, while group III was the positive control (treated with silymarin, 100 mg/kg b.w.). Groups IV, V, and VI received ethanol extracts of A. senegalensis at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg b.w., respectively, administered orally for 14 days. Treatment with the extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced blood urea and creatinine levels, improved electrolyte balance, and enhanced liver histoarchitecture. The extract also favorably modulated lipid metabolism, lowering cholesterol levels from 368.57 ± 1.72 in the negative control to 251.31 ± 1.10 at 400 mg/kg, while increasing HDL levels from 96.21 ± 1.23 to 233.13 ± 0.86 at 600 mg/kg. These results suggest a cardioprotective role via improved lipid profiles. Additionally, kidney function was improved, as reflected by reduced urea (17.30 ± 0.85) and creatinine (2.67 ± 0.23) compared to negative controls (34.53 ± 0.70 and 3.72 ± 0.45, respectively). Overall, the ethanol extract of A. senegalensis demonstrated hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and lipid-regulating effects, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating DEN-induced HCC and its associated metabolic complications.

Review of Epigenetics of Folate and Associated Derangements Ahmad, K. A.; Wurochekke, A. U.
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i3.7707

Folate, a vital water-soluble B vitamin, plays a central role in one-carbon metabolism, serving as a key donor of methyl groups necessary for DNA methylation—an essential epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression. This review synthesizes current evidence on folate's role in epigenetic modulation, drawing from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other reputable sources. Particular attention is given to folate’s inverse association with cancer risk, especially colorectal cancer, and its influence on epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Dysregulation of these mechanisms is closely linked to carcinogenesis and other chronic non-communicable diseases. Moreover, mutations or deficiencies in folate-related proteins may result in aberrant epigenetic reprogramming, leading to altered transcriptional activity and increased disease susceptibility. This review underscores the critical importance of adequate folate status in maintaining epigenetic homeostasis and preventing the onset of various malignancies and chronic conditions.

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M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

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Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone +6285799379817

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. lombok timur, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
M. Irwan Hadi

Contact Email
office@yasin-alsys.org

Phone
+6285799379817

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. lombok timur,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA