Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances natural sciences, agriculture, and technology through high-quality quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. The journal prioritizes methodological transparency, scholarly relevance, and contributions that strengthen scientific knowledge and applied innovation. • Natural Sciences: promote robust research that advances knowledge in core scientific fields and their applications. • Agricultural Development: support scholarship that strengthens agriculture, food systems, environmental sustainability, and rural productivity. • Scientific Methods: welcome research using quantitative, qualitative, or combined approaches, provided the design and analysis are clearly justified. • Technology and Application: encourage work that connects scientific findings to technological innovation, practical implementation, and real-world problem-solving. Submissions should clearly state the research problem, explain the methodological approach transparently, present defensible evidence, and demonstrate a meaningful contribution to science, technology, and/or agriculture. Scope KIJST welcomes articles in natural sciences, agriculture, and related scientific fields. The journal accepts research employing surveys, experiments, content analysis, observation, interviews, focus groups, documentary analysis, and other acceptable approaches, provided the analytic logic is rigorous and clearly reported. • Natural Sciences: physics, biology, chemistry, and related scientific disciplines. • Agriculture: soil science, animal husbandry, crop protection, fisheries, and allied agricultural studies. • Life and Environmental Sciences: ecology, environmental science, biological systems, and applied natural-science research. • Technology and Applied Science: scientific and technological studies with clear practical, industrial, environmental, or agricultural relevance. • Interdisciplinary Research: studies bridging science, agriculture, and technology to address complex societal, environmental, or development-related issues. Priority is given to original research articles that contribute clearly to the body of knowledge, demonstrate appropriate methodological rigor, and offer implications for scientific advancement, agricultural improvement, or technological application.
Articles
101 Documents
<![CDATA[Determination of Trace Metals in Borehole, Tap, and Well Water from Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdullahi Mustapha Idris]]>;
<![CDATA[Shittu Abubakar Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Twan Sale Mathew]]>;
<![CDATA[Musa Yahaya Abubakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Ibrahim Sani]]>;
<![CDATA[Ansar Bilyaminu Adam]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3567
<![CDATA[This study investigates the concentration of trace metals in borehole, tap, and well water samples from Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Understanding the levels of trace metals in these water sources is crucial for assessing potential health risks and ensuring safe drinking water for the local population. The samples undergo evaporation to dryness and are then pre-concentrated with 0.5 M nitric acid. The metals were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The study found that all samples had iron concentrations, with the highest concentration in tap water (722.976 μg/L) and the lowest in well water (36.504 μg/L). Cadmium concentrations were highest in sample B (0.114 μg/L) and lowest in sample D (0.018 μg/L), all below WHO's permissible limit of 3 μg/L. Nickel concentrations were highest in sample C (0.336 μg/L), lowest in sample A (0.384 μg/L), and not in samples B and D (0.384 μg/L). Lead concentrations were only detected in samples A and B (0.384 μg/L), all below WHO's permissible limit of 10 μg/L. Iron was high compared to the permissible level of trace metal in water, but only in sample C, among all the samples, sample C is the safest water for drinking.]]>
<![CDATA[Determination of the Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Phenolics and Flavonoids Profile, Vitamins and Amino Acids Profile Using HPLC and DPPH Free Scavenging Radical Acitivities of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Persea americana ]]>
<![CDATA[Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu]]>;
<![CDATA[Olawale Otitoju]]>;
<![CDATA[Janya Danjuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Patience Audu Jankada]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3571
<![CDATA[This research examined the total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonoids and phenolics profile, vitamins and amino acids profile uing HPLC as well as the DPPH free scavenging activity of methanol leaf extract of P. americana. Plants have shown to possess phytochemicals which are beneficial to man including therapeutic and disease prevention. P. americana leaves was harvested from its tree in Baissa, Taraba State. The leaves were air dried under shade at room temperature after which it was pulverized using clean mortar and pestle. The powdered sample was extracted using methanol for 72 hours. Extract was filtered using whatmann no. 1 filter paper and evaporated using rotary evaporator and water bath to obtain the required concentrate. The concentrated extract was subjected to total flavonoid and total phenolics content using aluminium chloride folin ciocaltue respectively. Total antioxidant capacity of the leaf extract was carried out using DPPH. The amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids and phenolics profiles were evaluated. The result reveals that there is a significant level of flavonoid and phenolics in the extract which accounted for 43.32±0.15 mg GAE/100g and 32.84±2.13 mg CE/100g respectively. The antioxidant capacity showed a promising inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging activity with increase in dose. The amino acids that were found to be present in the extract include asparagine, threonine, histidine, phenylalanine and aspartic acid with different percentage. Vitamins K, B1 and B3 were detected significantly in the leaf extract. The various phytochemicals detected have shown according to research to have beneficial to the biological system, especially in scavenging free radicals and mitigation of oxidative stress. Vitamins are essential for normal functions and metabolism in the biological system, their deficiency could have deleterious effects. Amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis and are required for other biological processes. The extract has shown to be a rich source of various phytochemicals and have shown a promising presence of various vitamins and amino acids.]]>
<![CDATA[A Single-Equation ECM Model of Government’s Investment in Human Capital and Income Inequality in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Mathew Stephen]]>;
<![CDATA[Danjuma Idi]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3572
<![CDATA[This study investigates the impact of government investment in human capital on income inequality in Nigeria using a Single-Equation Error Correction Model (ECM) approach from 1985 to 2023. The analysis involves pre-estimation checks for stationarity and lag order selection, ensuring the methodological robustness of the model. The results indicate stationarity of the variables post-differencing, affirming the reliability of the model. The Parsimonious ECM reveals that increased education expenditure significantly reduces income inequality coefficient of -0.099 (p < 5%), while higher agricultural spending coefficient of 0.078 (p < 5%) leads to a slight rise in inequality. Health expenditure shows no significant impact. The Error Correction Mechanism coefficient of -0.471 (p < 5%) highlights the importance of addressing deviations from long-term equilibrium to reduce income inequality. This study recommends amongst others the significance of targeted policies for education and sustainable agriculture to promote equitable income distribution and economic stability in Nigeria.]]>
<![CDATA[On the Application of Exponentiated Burr V Distribution and Its Extension ]]>
<![CDATA[Idi D]]>;
<![CDATA[David I. J]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3574
<![CDATA[In this research, the application of Exponentiated Burr-V (EBV) distribution is presented and compared with other competing distributions which include Exponentiated Pareto distribution, Exponentiated Lomax distribution, Exponentiated Gumbel distribution, and Exponentiated Generalized Inverse Exponential distribution. The maximum likelihood estimation method was used in estimating the EBV and the four competing distributions. The loglikelihood (LL) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was applied for determining the best fitted distribution and the distribution with the largest LL and smallest AIC is considered the best fitted distribution. The data used is on bladder cancer which is a widely used data from Lee and Wang (2003), Lemonte and Cordeiro (2011), Luz, (2012), and Kazeem et al., (2014). The results obtained showed that the EBV distribution has the largest LL value of 2950.726 and the smallest AIC value of –5895.452. The LL and AIC values imply that the EBV distribution is a very competitive distribution in fitting the bladder cancer data and it is an appropriate distribution for fitting asymmetric or negatively skewed and high kurtosis datasets.]]>
<![CDATA[Preliminary Investigation of the Pollution Status of Kashimbila Dam Takum, Taraba State, North Eastern Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[B. N Hikon]]>;
<![CDATA[C. O Obadimu]]>;
<![CDATA[O. J Ewenifa]]>;
<![CDATA[O. A Ruth]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3576
<![CDATA[Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are chemical compounds used to control or eliminate plant and animal pests. Most of these pesticides are non-degradable, leading to residue accumulation in aquatic environments, particularly in sediment and water. This is a significant concern today because aquatic organisms absorb these residues, which can cause serious health risks to humans. The study area, Kashimbila Dam in Takum, Taraba State, is surrounded by uplands where agricultural activities are conducted. Sediment and water samples were collected from Birama, Bibi, and Shingu, all along the Kashimbila Dam. Sample preparation and extraction were performed using analytical-grade chemicals, and OCP concentrations were determined using GC-MS. The study aimed to assess the distribution levels of OCP residues in water. Mirex and Hexachlorobenzene recorded the highest concentration levels, ranging from 0.932±0.036 to 1.712±0.342 mg/kg and from 0.701±0.681 to 1.350±0.002 mg/kg in water, respectively. In sediment, the concentrations ranged from 0.122±0.008 to 2.262±0.050 mg/kg for Mirex and from 0.094±0.008 to 1.176±0.001mg/kg for Hexachlorobenzene. The values obtained for Mirex and Hexachlorobenzene in all samples across the locations were above the WHO and FAO (2014) permissible limits of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. The distribution levels of other OCPs, such as DDT, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, and Lindane, in all sample locations were also above the WHO and FAO (2009) permissible limits of 0.01 mg/kg for water and 1.00 mg/kg for sediment. The high values of these OCP residues could be attributed to the excessive use of pesticides on agricultural soils and fishing activities. Lindane, a contraband chemical commonly known as Gamalin-20, is used by fishermen to kill fish. The pH values of the three water samples from Kashimbila Dam were 8.32, 9.00, and 9.03 mg/l, indicating that the water body is alkaline or basic. High alkalinity is essential for the well-being of aquatic organisms. The pollution load index (PLI) of OCPs in water and the contamination factor (CF) of OCPs in sediment ranged from 0.110 to 15.050 and from 0.035 to 21.835, respectively, indicating that the pollution status of water and sediment from Kashimbila Dam ranged from moderate to highly polluted levels.]]>
<![CDATA[Forecasting Relationship between Annual Income and Annual Expenditure in Nigeria Educational Sector ]]>
<![CDATA[Iroka Jude]]>;
<![CDATA[Akpienbi I. O]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3596
<![CDATA[This study investigates the relationship between annual income and annual expenditure using regression analysis. Data spanning multiple years were analysed to understand the dynamics between income and expenditure. The analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between income and expenditure, indicating that higher income levels are associated with increased spending. Despite non-normal distribution, the regression model effectively captured the relationship between income and expenditure, offering insights into consumer behaviour. Forecasted expenditure values based on the regression model provide valuable information for future planning and decision-making. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding the link between income and expenditure and demonstrates the utility of regression analysis in economic research. Despite deviations from normality, the regression model effectively captures the essence of the income-expenditure relationship, facilitating accurate predictions of future spending trends. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and individuals alike, highlighting the significance of prudent financial planning and resource allocation. By understanding the dynamics of income and expenditure, stakeholders can make informed decisions to promote economic stability and enhance overall well-being.]]>
<![CDATA[Investigation of Positivity, Existence and Uniqueness of a Modified COVID-19 Model ]]>
<![CDATA[Okorie Charity Ebelechukwu]]>;
<![CDATA[Haruna Yusuf]]>;
<![CDATA[Hina Aliyu Danladi]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3597
<![CDATA[Corona virus disease is the most dreaded infectious disease all over the whole world. The outburst of the disease made many researchers to step up with research so as to find solution of eradication of the disease. Jummy et al (2021) developed a compartmental differential equation models which they used in studying direct and indirect transmission of COVID-19.We discovered that their model did not consider quarantine, vaccination and partial immunity. We then incorporated quarantine, vaccination and partial immunity into their models to come up with a modified version of Jummy et al model equations. In this research work, we investigated the positivity of the solution of the modified model, the existence and the uniqueness of the solution. The essence of doing these is to be sure that our models can conform to reality in solving the problem of eradication of COVID-19. We discovered that the solution exist, bounded, unique and positive.]]>
<![CDATA[Control of Post Harvest Fungal Deterioration of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) Using Extracts of Plant Origin in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Amadioha A. C]]>;
<![CDATA[Anidobu R. J]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3598
<![CDATA[Post-harvest fungal deterioration of pineapple is the most important challenge in pineapple production value chain causing losses in both nutrient and market values. This research was undertaken to identify the fungal pathogens causing rot of pineapple fruits in storage and their control using the water and ethanol leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Carica payaya (pawpaw). Pathogenicity test of fungal isolates from infected pineapple fruit indicated Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani as major pathogenic organisms causing storage rot of pineapple fruits. A. niger had the highest frequency of occurrence and most virulent recording the highest disease incidence and severity followed by R. solonfer and F. solani. The effects of both aqueous and ethanol extracts of the plant materials on rot development and spread in pineapple fruits by the pathogens showed that pineapple fruits sprayed with the plant extracts before inoculation of the pathogens recorded less disease incidence than those fruits spray-inoculated with pathogen before application of plant extracts suggesting that the extracts are better used as protectant before infection and development of disease. The ethanol leaf extracts were more effective than water extracts in reducing the disease incidence and severity of the pathogenic organisms in pineapple indicating that the solvent of extraction affected the antimicrobial activities of the test plant materials with ethanol extracting more active compounds than water as extracting solvent. The extracts of A. indica were most potent in the reduction of rot development and spread in pineapple indicating that the extracts contained more anti-fungal properties that affected the growth of the pathogenic organisms in vivo followed by extracts of C. papaya and M. oleifera. Extracts of these plant materials could therefore be exploited as pesticides of plant origin in the control of postharvest microbial deterioration of pineapple fruits and increase food production.]]>
<![CDATA[Compounding of Synthesized Monomethylol Urea and Hydroxylated Palm Kernel Oil as Composite Resin for Emulsion Paint Formulation ]]>
<![CDATA[Archibong C. S]]>;
<![CDATA[Bintu Kime]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadawa F. G]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3608
<![CDATA[Palm kernel oil which is a triglyceride was subjected to chemical modification of its structure to add hydroxyl groups. The hydroxylated chemical structure was cross-linked with monomethylol urea, a thermoset resin to produce a composite MMU/HPKO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to ascertain the existence of chemical interactions between MMU and HPKO, the reduction of the absorption band around 3360.69cm-1 which is due to the presence of hydroxyl groups was an indication of the occurrence of chemical reaction between hydroxylated palm kernel oil and monomethylol urea. The compounded composite was further characterized for the eval_uation of physical and mechanical properties. Properties like the elongation at break, viscosity, Gel time, Turbidity and Refractive index increases with percentage inclusion of HPKO until at above 50% where changes were noticed. While parameters like Formaldehyde emission, Moisture uptake, Density and melting point decreases with percentage loading of HPKO. Copolymerization successfully combined the advantages of MMU specie with HPKO while offsetting their shortcomings in a synergetic manner to create a higher performance class of polymer. Therefore, the blending of monomethylol urea with the hydroxylated palm kernel oil in this research work has added flexibility to MMU which hitherto was brittle and hard, improve it water resistance properties because of the hydrophobic nature of the hydroxylated palm kernel oil, and has brought about a reduction in the formaldehyde emission of monomethylol urea due to the percentage’s inclusion of hydroxylated palm kernel oil and subsequent deduction of monomethylol urea.]]>
<![CDATA[Basic Reproduction Number and Sensitivity Index Estimates from a Modified Deterministic Model for Nigeria COVID-19 Transmission ]]>
<![CDATA[Aromolaran A. Davidson]]>;
<![CDATA[Evelyn Nkiruka Okeke]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikwuoche John David]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3609
<![CDATA[Basic reproduction number and sensitivity index are necessary indices used in most epidemiological research to eval_uate the adequacy of formulated model. In this research, a modified deterministic model (MDM) of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria is formulated. The R0 is estimated alongside the SI to determine the acceptability of the formulated MDM. The analytic results showed that an R0 of 0.0000295 is obtained which imply the spread of the virus is under control. The SI result showed that 14 parameters of the MDM were sensitive whereby 8 of the parameters SI are positive while the remaining 6 parameters [natural mortality rate (μ), Proportion of asymptomatic that did not transit to symptomatic (v), natural mortality rate plus Covid-19 death induced (μ1), rate of vaccination (γ), rate of symptomatic being transferred to isolation (ϒ), transition of undetected exposed to quarantine (ф)] SI are negative. The SI result clearly showed that the significant negative indices parameters are responsible for reducing the R0 and enhanced the decline of the Covid-19 virus in Nigeria.]]>
