African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances medical science, surgical practice, and public health research through ethically grounded, scientifically robust, and practically relevant studies. • Medical Research: disseminate high-quality evidence that improves clinical understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. • Surgical Scholarship: promote research on surgical procedures, perioperative care, outcomes, innovations, and evidence-based surgical practice. • Public Health Advancement: support preventive, epidemiological, community, and policy-oriented studies that strengthen population health and healthcare systems. • Integrated Health Impact: encourage work linking clinical medicine, surgery, and public health to improve health outcomes across individual and community settings. Submissions should clearly define the clinical, surgical, or public-health problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a meaningful contribution to healthcare research and practice. Scope AJMSPHR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in medicine, surgery, and public health, especially studies that demonstrate scientific rigor, ethical responsibility, and clear relevance to health outcomes, healthcare delivery, and disease prevention. • Medicine: internal medicine, clinical research, disease management, diagnostics, therapeutics, and patient-centered healthcare studies. • Surgery: general and specialized surgery, operative techniques, perioperative care, surgical outcomes, trauma care, and procedural innovation. • Public Health: epidemiology, health promotion, disease prevention, environmental health, maternal and child health, and community-health interventions. • Health Systems and Policy: healthcare access, service delivery, health management, workforce issues, and evidence informing public-health or clinical policy. • Interdisciplinary Health Research: studies bridging medicine, surgery, and public health with implications for healthcare improvement and population well-being. Priority is given to original research articles that demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and a clear contribution to medical science, surgical knowledge, or evidence-based public-health practice.
Articles
66 Documents
<![CDATA[Restoring, Repairing, and Regenerating Tissues through Biomaterials, Cells, Scaffolds, and Innovative Technologies ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Abid Mahmood]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaouher Ben Ali]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5578
<![CDATA[Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an innovative area of research and development that includes biomaterials, cells, scaffolds, scaffolding structures, and even bioactive substances to restore, repair or regenerate damaged tissues along with organs. The scope of synthetic skin expansion has now progressed to engineering kidneys, hearts, and lungs. Use of stem cell therapies or extracellular matrices for organ healing and regeneration are other; notable shifts toward tissue engineering paradigm are towards healing adn regeneration rather than the development of reconstructive surgery. While research has shown promise, there are still concerns regarding its clinical use citing complications such as immune system rejection of newly implanted tissues, ethical issues and the economical creation of engineered tissues. The efforts being made in Asia demonstrate emerging potential in TERM. Enhanced collaboration across disciplines is essential to pave new ways towards realizing current restrictions and bold influencing ideas alongside breakthroughs.]]>
<![CDATA[Understanding Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Abid Mahmood]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaouher Ben Ali]]>;
<![CDATA[Jehan Mohammad Al-Musawi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5580
<![CDATA[One such common disorder is gastritis, that is bound to cause acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining. It is primarily caused due to the long duration use of NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori infection or many other reasons. Alcohol consumption, stress, bile reflux and some immunological processes also play a role in causing gastritis. While some relatives remain asymptomatic, most relatives experience symptoms such as epigastric discomfort, vomiting, and, in some cases, gastrointestinal bleeding. H. Pylori detection, endoscopic examination, and histopathology are the primary techniques for diagnosing gastritis. Another method of treatment is the use of proton pump inhibitors along with lifestyle changes, or antibiotics. Gastritis and its symptoms can be mitigated by employing primary prevention strategies like proactively treating H. Pylori infections or reducing NSAIDs consumption.]]>
<![CDATA[Marburg Virus Disease: Epidemiology, Transmission, and Global Health Implications ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Abid Mahmood]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Khudhair Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Hind A. Abdulghafoor]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Gaweł Sołowski]]>;
<![CDATA[Jaouher Ben Ali]]>;
<![CDATA[Jehan Mohammad Al-Musawi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5816
<![CDATA[Marburg virus disease (MVD), a severe viral hemorrhagic fever, was first identified in 1967 following simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade, Serbia. The initial cases were linked to laboratory exposure to African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) imported from Uganda for scientific research. Since then, sporadic cases and outbreaks have been reported across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Angola, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and, more recently, in West African countries such as Ghana. Human-to-human transmission occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected individuals, as well as via contaminated materials like bedding and medical equipment. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days, after which patients typically present with hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, and multiorgan failure. Currently, there is no approved antiviral treatment, and management is limited to supportive care, including fluid resuscitation, electrolyte balance, oxygen therapy, and treatment of secondary infections. Early diagnosis, case isolation, contact tracing, and stringent infection control measures are essential to containing outbreaks. Due to its high case-fatality rate, potential for epidemic spread, and lack of licensed therapeutics or vaccines, MVD is designated a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the context of increasing global attention to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, this review emphasizes the urgent need for investment in health system strengthening, improved diagnostic infrastructure, and the acceleration of vaccine and therapeutic development to mitigate future outbreaks.]]>
<![CDATA[The Impact of Girl Child Education ]]>
<![CDATA[Wando Musa Daniel]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5817
<![CDATA[Educating girls is a fundamental catalyst for societal development, with strong evidence linking gender equality in education to improved economic and social outcomes. However, entrenched religious, cultural, and traditional norms continue to marginalize girls in various regions, denying them the opportunity to act as heirs or active contributors to family and community life. Despite global efforts to bridge gender disparities, significant barriers remain, particularly in under-resourced areas. Gender inequities often influence household decisions regarding time and resource allocation, with studies indicating that women who have greater control over resources tend to prioritize essential needs such as nutrition, healthcare, and education. Investing in girls’ education yields substantial long-term benefits—not only for the individual but also for their families and broader society. These investments enhance physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual development, contributing to improved family well-being and poverty reduction. Crucially, education empowers women, fosters human capabilities, and drives inclusive economic growth. This article examines global and local commitments to gender equality through education, highlighting the persistent challenges facing girl-child education in Wukari Local Government, particularly within the Tsokundi district, where school attendance among girls remains critically low. The paper underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to remove socio-cultural and economic barriers that hinder girls’ access to education. As more governments and organizations recognize the transformative impact of female education, focused efforts on policy reform, awareness campaigns, and community engagement are essential for advancing gender equity and sustainable development.]]>
<![CDATA[Association of Hepatitis ‘C’ Virus Infection (HCV) and Liver Enzymes Abnormalities Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Ishaku Frama]]>;
<![CDATA[Sheyin Zakka]]>;
<![CDATA[Bigwan Emmanuel Isa]]>;
<![CDATA[Gutau Fipo Jiking]]>;
<![CDATA[Ishaya Victoria]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5934
<![CDATA[Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant global health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Nigeria, where routine screening and early diagnosis are often lacking. This study investigated the seroprevalence of HCV infection and its association with liver enzyme abnormalities among apparently healthy individuals in Jos North, Plateau State. A total of 180 participants were screened for anti-HCV antibodies using rapid diagnostic kits (Labtrust, UK) and confirmed by ELISA (Qingdao Hightop Biotech, China), yielding a seroprevalence rate of 5.0%. Liver function was evaluated through measurement of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels to assess hepatic injury. Among seropositive individuals, 88.9% showed elevated ALT and 77.8% had elevated AST levels. While these elevations were more frequent in HCV-positive participants than in seronegative controls, the differences were not statistically significant (ALT: p = 0.064; AST: p = 0.061). However, effect size analysis (Glass’s Δ > 1.4) indicated clinically meaningful enzyme elevations, suggesting subclinical liver injury. Multivariate logistic regression controlling for demographic variables did not reveal a statistically significant predictive relationship between HCV status and elevated liver enzymes, likely due to sample size limitations and potential multicollinearity. These findings underscore the silent progression of HCV-related hepatic damage in asymptomatic individuals and highlight the need for proactive screening and biochemical monitoring. Public health initiatives promoting widespread, cost-free HCV testing and liver function assessment are essential for early detection, reducing disease burden, and preventing long-term complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation of Selected Anthropometric Characteristics of Infants: A Forensic Perspective in North Central Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Mosugu O. O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Okolo S. N.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.6065
<![CDATA[Accurate anthropometric data on infants are critical for forensic investigations involving newborns and young children, particularly in cases related to child identification, welfare, and criminal inquiries. Despite the relevance of such data, there remains a significant gap in forensic anthropometric records for infants in Nigeria. This study aims to address this gap by examining the interrelationships among key anthropometric parameters of infants and exploring their potential forensic applications. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect anthropometric measurements from 570 infants in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Data collection adhered to established ethical protocols, and statistical analysis was performed using the Number Cruncher Statistical System (NCSS/PASS 2019, version 19.0.2, Dawson Edition, USA). Results revealed strong, positive correlations among infant weight, age, mid-upper arm circumference, crown-heel length, foot length, hand length, and head circumference. These findings underscore the consistency and reliability of these parameters in reflecting infant growth patterns and physical development. The study contributes valuable baseline data for forensic science in Nigeria and demonstrates how infant anthropometry can support investigative processes involving missing children, age estimation, and identification in legal or humanitarian contexts. The implications of this research are significant for improving forensic capacity in pediatric and child protection cases, particularly within resource-limited settings.]]>
<![CDATA[Menstrual Hygiene Management Among Adolescent Girls in Selected Secondary Schools in Ahoada, Rivers State ]]>
<![CDATA[Onyenanu Obiageli Afoma]]>;
<![CDATA[Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.6066
<![CDATA[Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a critical public health and educational issue affecting adolescent girls, particularly in low-resource settings. In Ahoada, Rivers State, Nigeria, many adolescent girls face significant challenges in managing menstruation due to limited access to sanitary products, inadequate sanitation facilities, and insufficient knowledge about menstrual health. These challenges contribute to adverse outcomes such as poor self-esteem, emotional distress, increased absenteeism, and diminished academic performance. This study investigated MHM practices among adolescent girls in selected secondary schools in Ahoada, aiming to provide evidence to inform policy and programmatic interventions. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 300 adolescent girls using a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that 73% of respondents lacked access to sanitary pads, 60% reported missing school during menstruation, and 67% experienced menstrual-related stigma. Emotional distress or anxiety during menstruation was reported by 70% of participants, while 63% indicated that menstruation negatively impacted their academic performance. Additionally, 27% of the respondents demonstrated inadequate knowledge of menstrual hygiene. The study highlights the pressing need for comprehensive, school-based interventions, including menstrual hygiene education, improved water and sanitation infrastructure, and access to affordable sanitary products. These findings contribute to the limited body of literature on MHM in Rivers State and underscore the importance of addressing menstrual health to support adolescent girls' well-being and educational attainment.]]>
<![CDATA[Meta-Analysis of Genes Associated with Craniofacial Microsomia (CFM) ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Haris Baig]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.6067
<![CDATA[Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a complex congenital anomaly primarily involving malformations of structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Increasing evidence suggests that both genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. This meta-analysis synthesizes current genetic research on CFM to identify key loci and candidate genes implicated in its development, with a particular focus on those regulating neural crest cell (NCC) migration and differentiation, processes essential for normal craniofacial morphogenesis. The analysis incorporates data from multiple population-based studies and highlights eight major and five additional implicated genetic loci associated with CFM, underscoring considerable genetic heterogeneity across ethnic and demographic groups. In addition to core genetic determinants, the review explores the role of modifier genes and gene–environment interactions in shaping phenotypic variability and disease progression. Methodological challenges inherent to genetic meta-analyses, including statistical heterogeneity, incomplete datasets, and model selection are critically evaluated to ensure the robustness of conclusions. The study further addresses ongoing debates regarding the clinical translation of genetic findings, emphasizing the need for rigorous analytical frameworks to mitigate bias and enhance reproducibility. By consolidating and interpreting available genomic data, this meta-analysis contributes to the evolving understanding of CFM and supports the development of improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for affected individuals.]]>
<![CDATA[Breast Cancer in the Modern Era: Molecular Strategies for Tumor Targeting and Diagnosis ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Haris Baig]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.6068
<![CDATA[Breast cancer is a multifactorial and heterogeneous malignancy arising from the uncontrolled proliferation of breast tissue cells, primarily affecting women but also occurring in men. Among its various subtypes, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounts for 70% to 80% of cases, making it the most prevalent form. As one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women globally, breast cancer remains a major public health concern, driving continuous research into its etiology, detection, and treatment. The disease is influenced by an interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental risk factors. While non-modifiable determinants such as age and sex are critical, modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, dietary habits, and alcohol consumption also contribute significantly to disease risk. Advances in screening technologies, including mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have facilitated earlier detection, improving treatment outcomes. However, disparities in access to diagnostic and therapeutic resources persist, particularly in low-resource and marginalized populations, reinforcing existing health inequities. The treatment landscape has evolved markedly with the advent of personalized medicine and immunotherapeutic approaches, offering targeted interventions based on tumor biology. Nevertheless, ongoing challenges include treatment resistance, overdiagnosis, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding management of low-risk lesions. Furthermore, debates continue regarding optimal screening strategies, the role of genetic testing, and the balance between therapeutic benefit and potential harm. These complexities underscore the need for integrative, equity-focused approaches to breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, and care.]]>
<![CDATA[ML-Powered Privacy Preservation in Biomedical Data Sharing ]]>
<![CDATA[Ehizokhale Jude Usiabulu]]>;
<![CDATA[Abel Onolunosen Abhadionmhen]]>;
<![CDATA[Husseni Iduku]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.6143
<![CDATA[The sharing of biomedical data is essential for accelerating healthcare research, fostering medical innovation, and improving patient outcomes. Such data encompasses a wide range of sensitive information, including electronic health records, genomic sequences, and clinical trial results. Despite its value, biomedical data sharing poses significant privacy risks, such as patient re-identification, unauthorized access, and regulatory non-compliance. These concerns necessitate advanced techniques that balance the need for data utility with stringent privacy protection. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool to facilitate privacy-preserving biomedical data sharing. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art ML-based privacy preservation methods, including differential privacy, federated learning, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, and synthetic data generation through generative models. Each technique offers unique mechanisms to protect sensitive information while enabling collaborative analysis and predictive modeling. These methods have been applied practically across various biomedical domains, including collaborative disease risk prediction and genomic research, clinical trial data analysis, remote patient monitoring, and public health surveillance. Additionally, we evaluate relevant privacy and utility metrics that assess the effectiveness of privacy guarantees and the impact on model performance. The review further examines limitations and challenges—including computational overhead, data heterogeneity, privacy-utility trade-offs, and ethical considerations—that must be addressed to ensure robust and scalable solutions. Looking forward, the manuscript highlights promising future directions, such as hybrid privacy frameworks, enhanced synthetic data generation, real-time privacy-preserving analytics, standardization of evaluation protocols, and interdisciplinary policy development. By integrating these advancements, biomedical research can achieve safer and more effective data sharing, ultimately fostering innovation while respecting patient confidentiality and trust.]]>
