African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances medical science, surgical practice, and public health research through ethically grounded, scientifically robust, and practically relevant studies. • Medical Research: disseminate high-quality evidence that improves clinical understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. • Surgical Scholarship: promote research on surgical procedures, perioperative care, outcomes, innovations, and evidence-based surgical practice. • Public Health Advancement: support preventive, epidemiological, community, and policy-oriented studies that strengthen population health and healthcare systems. • Integrated Health Impact: encourage work linking clinical medicine, surgery, and public health to improve health outcomes across individual and community settings. Submissions should clearly define the clinical, surgical, or public-health problem, report methods transparently, present defensible evidence, and articulate a meaningful contribution to healthcare research and practice. Scope AJMSPHR welcomes original research papers and related scholarly contributions in medicine, surgery, and public health, especially studies that demonstrate scientific rigor, ethical responsibility, and clear relevance to health outcomes, healthcare delivery, and disease prevention. • Medicine: internal medicine, clinical research, disease management, diagnostics, therapeutics, and patient-centered healthcare studies. • Surgery: general and specialized surgery, operative techniques, perioperative care, surgical outcomes, trauma care, and procedural innovation. • Public Health: epidemiology, health promotion, disease prevention, environmental health, maternal and child health, and community-health interventions. • Health Systems and Policy: healthcare access, service delivery, health management, workforce issues, and evidence informing public-health or clinical policy. • Interdisciplinary Health Research: studies bridging medicine, surgery, and public health with implications for healthcare improvement and population well-being. Priority is given to original research articles that demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and a clear contribution to medical science, surgical knowledge, or evidence-based public-health practice.
Articles
66 Documents
<![CDATA[Dermatoglyphic Patterns, 2D:4D Digit Ratio, and Body Mass Index among Tuberculosis Patients: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study at Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Salman J. I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Badamasi M. I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Mosugu O. O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Otashu K. F.]]>;
<![CDATA[Tongle N. J.]]>;
<![CDATA[Jibaniya G. M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Alfred A. W.]]>;
<![CDATA[Izam E. D.]]>;
<![CDATA[Katchin E. S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ajayi S. O.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.7480
<![CDATA[Nigeria ranks highest in Africa and sixth globally in the incidence of newly diagnosed Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases, with over 600,000 new cases reported annually and a mortality rate of 20 per 100,000 population. Emerging evidence suggests that dermatoglyphic patterns, digit ratio (2D:4D), and body mass index (BMI) may serve as potential biomarkers for disease susceptibility. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH) in Kano, Nigeria, to compare dermatoglyphic features, digit ratios, and BMI between tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy controls. A total of 200 participants—comprising 100 confirmed TB patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls—were recruited through convenience sampling. Fingerprints were digitally captured and classified using Langerberg and Adebisi’s criteria, with ridge counts determined via the Okajima method. Digit lengths were measured using a Vernier caliper, and BMI was calculated following standard anthropometric procedures. Results revealed significantly lower ridge densities in the left index, right ring, right middle, and left little fingers of TB patients compared to controls. TB patients also exhibited reduced radial ridge counts in the left thumb, index, middle, ring, and little fingers, as well as decreased ulnar ridge counts in the right index finger. Among fingerprint patterns—loop, whorl, and arch—the arch pattern occurred with significantly higher frequency bilaterally in TB patients. No statistically significant differences were found in 2D:4D digit ratios between groups. However, BMI values were notably lower in the TB cohort. These findings suggest that specific dermatoglyphic traits and lower BMI may serve as supplementary indicators of susceptibility to tuberculosis. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these associations and evaluate their potential in early risk identification.]]>
<![CDATA[Hepatitis B and D Virus Co-Infection: A Study of Seroprevalence and IgM Response among Patients in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Okosigha Saviour Azibanyam]]>;
<![CDATA[Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth]]>;
<![CDATA[Anyiam Vivian Ifeoma]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.7485
<![CDATA[Hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver commonly caused by viral infections, exists in five primary forms: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Among these, Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective virus that requires co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication. Hepatitis may present as acute or chronic, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications. This study investigated the seroprevalence of HBV and HDV co-infection among patients in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 1,000 patients who attended the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Ishieke. Serological testing was conducted using ELISA kits in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocols and standard laboratory procedures. Of the 1,000 participants, 89 (8.9%) tested positive for HBsAg, indicating HBV infection, while 5 (5.6%) of these were also positive for HDV-IgM, confirming co-infection. The prevalence of HBV/HDV co-infection was higher among females (7.7%) compared to males (2.7%) and more pronounced among married individuals (6.9%) than singles (3.2%). These findings indicate a notable burden of HBV and HDV co-infection in the study area. The results underscore the importance of routine HDV screening for all HBsAg-positive patients and the implementation of targeted public health interventions to prevent HDV transmission and reduce the severity of HBV-related disease.]]>
<![CDATA[Neuroprotective Effects of Cloves on Albino Rats Induced with Mercury ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Mosugu O. O]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon Ossom Asare]]>;
<![CDATA[Bakari Genevieve Sirina]]>;
<![CDATA[Shelter Agbeko Bobie]]>;
<![CDATA[Atsu Ayi]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.7893
<![CDATA[This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, CV) in albino rats exposed to mercury chloride (MC), utilizing a diabetic rat model to investigate both neurological and immunological responses. Clove is known for its potent antioxidant properties, with applications spanning the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural sectors. Mercury chloride, a recognized neurotoxin, is commonly ingested through carbohydrate-rich foods subjected to high-temperature processing. The experimental design included five groups: Group I (Control: corn flour diet), Group II (MC-treated: 20 mg/kg body weight), Group III (CV-treated: 200 mg/kg BW), Group IV (CV 100 mg/kg BW + MC 20 mg/kg BW), and Group V (CV 200 mg/kg BW + ascorbic acid 20 mg/kg BW), with treatments administered over 21 days. MC exposure induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in brain tissue, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological degeneration in the hippocampal MA3 region and granular layer (HL). Clove administration significantly mitigated these effects by increasing glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, reducing MDA concentrations, lowering gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and elevating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, thereby restoring biochemical parameters toward normal levels. Histological findings further confirmed the protective effect of clove against MC-induced neuronal damage. These results suggest that clove confers neuroprotection through its antioxidative and neurochemical modulation properties, highlighting its potential therapeutic value in preventing heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity.]]>
<![CDATA[Michika Chiefdom: A Brief History of Existence, Resistance, and Restoration ]]>
<![CDATA[Joseph T. Kwaji]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.7895
<![CDATA[Michika is a traditional kingdom located in the Mandara Mountains of northeastern Nigeria and serves as the historical and cultural center of the Kamwe (Higi) people. Established around 1200 CE, the Michika Kingdom has played a crucial role in the political, judicial, administrative, and spiritual life of the Kamwe community, while maintaining active diplomatic and commercial relations with other regional powers, including the Borno Empire under Mai Idris Alooma. According to oral tradition, the Kamwe trace their ancestry to a legendary figure named Gelmai, who is believed to have migrated from Ethiopia around 900 CE. His descendants founded early settlements such as Sukur, Sina, and Zah, which formed the genealogical foundation of Kamwe leadership and culminated in the establishment of Michika by Kwada Kwaka around 1450 CE. Despite colonial pressures from British, German, and French forces—often allied with Fulani elites—the Kamwe people preserved their sociopolitical structures and cultural identity. Michika is also noted for its resistance to Islamization and slave raids, as documented by European explorers and local slave raiders such as Hama Yaji. Economically, Michika thrived through trade in agricultural produce and iron ore, particularly supported by the Lighyei artisan class renowned for blacksmithing. The 21st-century restoration of the Michika Kingdom under the leadership of His Royal Highness Prof. Bulus Luka Gadiga marks a resurgence of Kamwe customary sovereignty and a rejection of colonial and Fulani-centric narratives that have historically marginalized local histories. This study affirms that the Michika Kingdom is one of the oldest indigenous political institutions in Nigeria, now reasserting its identity as a symbol of cultural resilience, local autonomy, and historical reclamation.]]>
<![CDATA[Demographic, Environmental and Clinical Correlates of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Patients Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Demsa Local Government Area of Adamawa State ]]>
<![CDATA[Mijah A. K]]>;
<![CDATA[Jerry J. T]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon A]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdulrasheed M. H]]>;
<![CDATA[Agere H. I. J.]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8021
<![CDATA[Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a major public health problem in Nigeria, particularly in rural communities where sanitation and access to clean water are limited. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of IPIs among patients attending primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Demsa Local Government Area (LGA), Adamawa State. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, and stool and blood samples were collected from 398 participants using systematic random sampling. Parasitological analysis was conducted using the formol-ether concentration technique, and data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 37.4%, with Ascaris lumbricoides (14.9%) and hookworm (11.1%) being the most common parasites. Infection prevalence was significantly associated with age (p = 0.04), occupation (p = 0.02), open defecation (p = 0.001), living near stagnant water (p = 0.005), and lack of regular deworming (p < 0.001), with children aged 11–15 years and individuals using river water sources being particularly vulnerable. Attendance at health education programs was associated with lower infection rates (p = 0.006). The findings emphasize the persistence of IPIs in Demsa LGA, driven by poor sanitation, unsafe water use, and inadequate hygiene practices, and support the need for strengthened community health education, regular deworming, improved sanitation infrastructure, and safe water access to reduce the disease burden and enhance rural health outcomes.]]>
<![CDATA[A Study to Determine the Incidence of Drug Abuse Among Students of Tertiary Institutions. A Case Study Wukari ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Solomon Ossom Asare]]>;
<![CDATA[Emmanuel Omanchi]]>;
<![CDATA[Debora Akinola Umogbai]]>;
<![CDATA[Abimbola Gbenga Olayemi]]>;
<![CDATA[Zainab Bello Dambazau]]>;
<![CDATA[Emmanuel Eluu Chukwudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Precious Chioma Jack]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8024
<![CDATA[This study explores the incidence, patterns, and consequences of drug abuse among students in tertiary institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria, using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative survey data revealed that 28.4% of students had engaged in drug use, with alcohol (64.8%), cannabis (45.1%), and tramadol identified as the most commonly abused substances. Qualitative insights from focus group discussions and key informant interviews highlighted the social dynamics, institutional gaps, and cultural factors shaping substance use, with male students aged 21–25 and those living off-campus emerging as the most vulnerable demographic, while covert drug use among female students was linked to peer and romantic influences. Peer pressure, academic stress, and curiosity were reported as primary motivators, and hostel environments were found to foster experimentation. Drug abuse was associated with academic decline, mental health problems—including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation—and low utilization of counseling services, whereas institutional responses were characterized by limited drug education, weak enforcement, and poor awareness of available support systems. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated prevention strategies, peer-led interventions, and enhanced mental health services to address this growing public health concern.]]>
<![CDATA[Diarrhoea among Children under Five Years Old in Relation to Household Safe Storage Practices in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth]]>;
<![CDATA[Boyi Hassan]]>;
<![CDATA[Opara Christiana Ngozi]]>;
<![CDATA[Efere Yarwadum Samson]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8285
<![CDATA[Diarrhoea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under‑five children in Nigeria, particularly in rural settings where unsafe water handling and inadequate storage prevail. Diarrhea is defined as the passing of three or more watery or loose stools per day, or more frequent passage than normal for an individual. This cross‑sectional study assessed the determinants of diarrhoea in relation to household water practices in Wukari Local Government Area (LGA), Taraba State. The aim was to identify water‑related risk factors—source type, treatment method, storage container, and hygiene behaviours—that influence diarrhoeal occurrence among children <5 years. A community‑based survey was conducted across randomly selected areas of Wukari LGA. Structured questionnaires captured socio‑demographics, water source (protected well, borehole, surface, sachet), treatment (boiling, chlorination, filtration, none), storage (covered narrow‑necked jerry can, open bucket, other), and hand‑washing practices. A total number of 200 sample were collected for this study among children of five (5) years of age. The result shows a prevalence of 34% (n=200) representing 34% (68) respondents of positive and 66% representing 132 respondents of negative. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that despite relatively high access to improved water sources (protected wells/boreholes) in Wukari, the prevalence of diarrhoea among children under five remains elevated (34%) because of pervasive unsafe practices downstream—principally failure to treat water before consumption, storage in uncovered buckets that permit re‑contamination, and fetching water with unclean hands. Microbiological evidence confirmed significantly higher faecal coliform counts in open‑bucket water, substantiating the causal pathway. Maternal education acted as a buffer, underscoring the role of health literacy. The findings indicate that interventions must shift focus from mere source improvement to promoting point‑of‑use safety—treatment, covered storage, and hand hygiene—to achieve meaningful reductions in diarrhoeal disease. To this end, it is recommended that; Community‑based water safety education, provision of affordable safe‑storage vessels, point‑of‑use water treatment promotion, strengthen maternal health literacy, microbial monitoring, policy advocacy and research follow‑up. Implementation and follow‑up practices which has to do with giving priorities to areas with highest diarrhoea prevalence (identified in survey) for rapid rollout; monitor via existing Integrated Disease Surveillance & Response (IDSR) system will reduce the prevalent rate of under-five diarrrhoea in Wukari which by extension Taraba State and North East in general.]]>
<![CDATA[Phytochemical, Nutraceutical Profiles and Potential of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on Bacterial Meningitis ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Tyem Lawal Danjuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Katchim Evelyn Shadrach]]>;
<![CDATA[Julius Ishaya Salman]]>;
<![CDATA[Jibaniya Grace Mchibuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8300
<![CDATA[The rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens has intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. Annona muricata (soursop), a tropical medicinal plant, has demonstrated promising antibacterial properties attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. However, the mechanistic basis of its antibacterial action remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanistic effects of A. muricata leaf extract on key bacterial targets, including cell wall integrity, membrane permeability, protein leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA fragmentation, and quorum sensing interference, using E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa as representative strains. Materials and Methods: Fresh A. muricata leaves were extracted using ethanol and tested at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Bacterial cultures were subjected to six mechanistic assays: crystal violet staining for cell wall integrity, propidium iodide and NPN fluorescence for membrane permeability, SDS-PAGE for protein synthesis inhibition, Bradford assay for protein leakage, DCFH-DA assay for ROS generation, and violacein quantification using the CV026 biosensor for quorum sensing interference. Ciprofloxacin served as a positive control, and untreated cultures served as a negative control. Results: The extract caused significant cell wall disruption (62.4%), comparable to ciprofloxacin (75.6%). Membrane permeability increased markedly, with PI and NPN fluorescence levels reaching 60–80% across strains. Protein leakage was elevated, with extracellular protein concentrations ranging from 25–30 µg/mL. SDS-PAGE revealed a 48.3–52.7% reduction in protein bands, indicating inhibition of protein synthesis. ROS levels surged to 8,000–9,500 RFU in treated samples, suggesting oxidative stress. DNA integrity scores dropped to 1–2, confirming genotoxic effects. Quorum sensing was inhibited by 68.9%, reducing violacein production and potential virulence. Conclusion: Annona muricata leaf extract exhibits potent antibacterial activity through multiple mechanisms, including structural disruption, metabolic interference, and oxidative damage. Its efficacy, comparable to ciprofloxacin in several assays, highlights its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. These findings support further investigation into its bioactive compounds and therapeutic applications in combating resistant bacterial infections.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Human Gastrointestinal Helminths among Residents of Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Ibrahim J. M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Agere H.I.J.]]>;
<![CDATA[Anongo M.C.]]>;
<![CDATA[Mijah A.K.]]>;
<![CDATA[Usman I M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Brown S.T.C]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8302
<![CDATA[This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths among residents of Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 400 stool samples were collected from males and females aged 5–60 years across five wards (Bantaje, East, Puje, Hospital, and AVYI) using a cross-sectional descriptive design. Samples were examined microscopically by Kato-Katz, flotation, and sedimentation methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, with chi-square tests applied at p < 0.05. Out of the 400 samples examined, 194 (48.5%) were positive for one or more helminths. Five species were identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (21.5%), Ancylostoma duodenale (14.25%), Taenia solium (7.25%), Trichuris trichiura (4.5%), and Strongyloides stercoralis (1.0%). Prevalence varied significantly by ward (χ² = 11.64, p = 0.03) and age group (χ² = 32.57, p = 0.0001), with the highest infection rates recorded in AVYI Ward (56%) and among individuals aged 10–19 years (72%). Females (51.9%) had a slightly higher prevalence than males (47.2%), though this difference was not statistically significant (χ² = 0.38, p = 0.54). The findings indicate that intestinal helminthiasis remains endemic in Wukari Metropolis, driven largely by poor sanitation, open defecation, and unsafe water sources. Integrated control measures involving periodic deworming, improved sanitation, access to clean water, and health education are recommended to curb transmission and improve public health outcomes.]]>
<![CDATA[Estimation of Stature Using Selected Hand Dimensions among Adolescents of Fulani Ethnic Group in Yola, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Yusuf Usman]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Habib Modibbo]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdullahi Gudaji]]>;
<![CDATA[Lawan Hassan Adamu]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmed Aminu Ahmed]]>
<![CDATA[ African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8304
<![CDATA[Stature (body height) is an important and useful anthropometric parameter for the identification of an individual. Among the various parameters of identification, an individual’s stature is an inherent characteristic, the estimation of which is important in cases where only fragmentary or mutilated remains of an unknown person are recovered. The objectives of this study were to determine sex differences among the participants for all measured parameters (hand length, palm length, and the lengths of the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits), examine the correlation between stature and all measured hand dimensions, establish linear regression equations and a regression line graph, and determine the accuracy rates (%) of the estimates by calculating the estimated stature from the actual stature. A total of 407 (181 males and 226 females) adolescent participants of Fulani origin (by both parents and grandparents) attending the selected secondary schools and meeting all inclusion criteria were selected and measured for each parameter. Stature was measured using a stadiometer, and a vernier caliper was used to measure the hand parameters. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. P < 0.05 was considered significant. All parameters showed significant correlation with stature at P < 0.01. Hand length showed the highest correlation value (r = 0.668), while fifth digit length had the lowest correlation value (r = 0.527). This study shows that stature and hand dimensions are sexually dimorphic, with male participants having higher values of the measured parameters than female participants. Linear regression equations were formed for each parameter. Hand dimensions are considered a good source for estimating stature in forensic practice among Fulani adolescents of Yola origin, Adamawa State, Nigeria.]]>
