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International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine
Published by Universitas Warmadewa
ISSN : 30477441     EISSN : 30477433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22225/ijbstm
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine is published twice (March and September) a year. The objective is to promote articles on biology and medicine. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine publishes original research work related to biological and medicine. The journal publishes Original articles, Short Reports, Case Reports, and Review articles. All articles published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine (IJBSTM) are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine (IJBSTM) publishes the Original clinical and experimental research studies, Review articles, Case reports on topics but not limited to: Biocemistry, Genetics and molecular biology, Medicine, Environmental health, Tropical diseases, Diseases in tropics, Global health, Pharmacological sciences, Biomedical sciences, Public health, Infection, Epidemiology and clinical epidemiology, Molecular biology, Microbiology, Travel Medicine
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 24 Documents
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Management of Diabetes on Long Trips and High Temperatures Ida Bagus Aditya Nugraha; Ketut Suastika; Wira Gotera; Made Ratna Saraswati; I Made Pande Dwipayana; I Made Siswadi Semadi
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 1-6
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.1.2025.1-6

Abstract

Although safe and fast, air travel can cause problems in diabetic passengers and pilots. In fact, most diabetes-related emergencies can be prevented during the flight. Diabetic passengers and pilots can fly safely with proper control and planning. During air travel, diabetes sufferers are faced with unhealthy diet choices, limited access to medicines and health services, disrupted drug dosing intervals, and exposure to hypobaric aircraft cabin environments. Disruptions to routine dosing intervals are most severe when travelers cross multiple time zones. Traveling east or west will shorten or lengthen the interval between scheduled doses. This increases the possibility of inadvertent, premature, or delayed administration of antihyperglycemic therapy. In this review, we have discussed in detail about flights in diabetic passengers and some issues to be considered during and after the flight especially in high temperature.
A Systematic Review: The Effectiveness of Triple Drug versus Dual Drug Approach Against Lymphatic Filariasis Devina Hanalily Maharani Ferguszon; Putri Cahya Purwaningrum; Raihanah labibah; Prawesty Diah Utami
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 7-13
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.1.2025.7-13

Abstract

Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease caused by filarial nematode parasites (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and B. timori), which is transmitted via mosquitoes in the form of microfilariae (Mf). The transmission cycle for each species is the same parasites or worms transmitted through the bite of all types of mosquitoes. The most severe clinical manifestations of LF are lymphedema and elephantiasis. The treatment of filariasis receives mass drug administration with a single dose of the triple-drug oral regimen. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the triple-drug oral regimen was an LF treatment.Methods: The research is in the form of systematic review research using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) method, which is carried out systematically. The research was conducted in December-February with a review of articles published in the last 5 years (2018-2023). Researchers searched for literature independently through PubMed and Science Direct.Results:Triple drug therapy or a combination of Ivermectin-Diethylcarbamazine -Albendazole (IDA) is safer and more tolerable for filariasis than dual drug (combination of Diethylcarbamazine -Albendazole/DA), according to various articles. In addition, IDA reduces microfilaria formation more than DA. Most filariasis treatment side effects are modest, such as fever and soreness.Conclusion: In comparison to dual drug therapy, triple drug therapy exhibits a substantial advantage; however, the level of endemicity and the species of the causative agents must be considered when applying this approach.
Neuroprotective Mechanism of Icariin against Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review Diana Yuswanti Putri; Yuyun Yueniwati; Sri Utami; Nirmala Halid; Husnul Khotimah
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 14-18
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.1.2025.14-18

Abstract

Background: Ischemic stroke has become one of the most life-threatening diseases with high disability and mortality rates. New treatment strategies with neuroprotective functions are urgently needed to treat it. Icariin is a flavonol glycoside that has antioxidant capacity, promote neurite outgrowth and modulate the immune system. This systematic review was conducted to assess and evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of icariin in the treatment of ischemic stroke.Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. We included predefined inclusion criteria, including: original articles published in the last 10 years and in English. Abstracts, preprints, reviews, articles not published in English and inaccessible full-text articles are excluded. Data extracted from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases using keywords "ischemic stroke“ or ‘”cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury“ and '"icariin". The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the data.Results: From the data obtained, a total of 7 research data were found eligible to review. The results showed that icariin had positive effects in reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-alfa) as well as maintaining brain cell viability. In addition, icariin either given alone or in combination improves post-ischemic neurological function and reduces infarct volume.Conclusion: Icariin has demonstrated neuroprotective effects necessary for neuroprotection and neurovascular recovery. In vitro and in vivo studies using Icariin alone or in combination with other modalities have also shown enhanced protection.
Characteristics of Fractures among International Travellers in Bali Ketut Ngurah Bagaskara M; Sri Ratna Dewi
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 35-40
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.2.2025.35-40

Abstract

An increase in the number of foreign tourists in Bali will likely lead to a rise in musculoskeletal traumas, particularly fractures. The characteristics of fractures vary in terms of aetiology, age, and location, as well as the mechanism of injury (MOI), which, in turn, have different forms of treatment. This study aimed to determine fracture characteristics based on demographics, the affected bone fractures, the relationship between the bone and surrounding tissue, and fracture configuration. The research method used is a descriptive observational approach, drawing from patient notes or medical records of patients undergoing inpatient or outpatient treatment between January 2022 and December 2023. The sampling technique used in this research is consecutive sampling. The minimum number of samples required for this research is 96. The data in this research were analysed descriptively and presented in the form of narratives, tables, graphs, or images. The research results showed that respondents who experienced fractures were primarily Russian citizens, accounting for 25% of the total. Most respondents experienced closed fractures, totalling 90. The most common fault lines were complete fractures, with 92 respondents, and experienced transverse fracture characteristics, with 55 respondents. The highest number of fractures occurred in the Metatarsal V, with 20 respondents experiencing single-site fractures.
The The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Dementia: A Systematic Review Rensa Rensa; Stefania Rosalyn; Alius Cahyadi
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 27-34
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of dementia rises with the increasing life expectancy and elderly population. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is challenging for caregivers to help carry out their daily activities and provide cognitive stimulants to slow down the deterioration. Therefore, this research aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive function in older people with dementia. Methods: This systematic review sought and reviewed observational studies data taken from various databases such as PubMed, EBSCOHost, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect starting from January to November 2022—using COVID-19, dementia, cognitive function, and elderly along with their synonyms as keywords. Results: As many as 11 literatures with a total of 3132 participants were obtained to be reviewed. Ten out of 11 pieces of literature showed a deterioration in the cognitive function of older people with dementia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison, one piece of literature showed an improvement in cognitive function that was not significant. Conclusion: The cognitive function of older people with dementia appears to deteriorate when compared between before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This can be seen as a decrease in MMSE, MoCA, or both scoring results. However, due to confounding variables not being accounted for in the pieces of literature reviewed, it is impossible to pinpoint the Covid-19 pandemic as the exact reason for this deterioration.
Phenotypical analysis of Chloramphenicol toxicity in Drosophila Aditya Satya Pratama; Aizia Risty Rizal; Nurhidayah Ramly; Gimas Fatir Bijaksana; Jihan Atiqah Permatasari; Muhammad Akbar Bahar; Nadila Pratiwi Latada; Mukarram Mudjahid; Risfah Yulianty; Nur Inda Yanti; Firzan Nainu
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 19-26
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.1.2025.19-26

Abstract

Background: Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with serious side effects, including aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome. While Drosophila melanogaster is a cost-effective and genetically relevant model for toxicological studies, its response to chloramphenicol remains unexamined. This study explores the toxic effects of chloramphenicol in Drosophila to provide insights into its broader biological impact. Methods: This study aims to analyze the toxicity of chloramphenicol in terms of developmental toxicity, locomotor activity, morphology and gene expression status (sod1, sod2, tom40, and indy) in Drosophila melanogaster. The study was conducted on Oregon-R strain D. melanogaster larvae fed with chloramphenicol at concentrations of 625; 1,875; 3,125; and 4,375 ppm. Results: Developmental toxicity assay revealed that chloramphenicol exposure significantly delayed developmental progression, as evidenced by a prolonged transition from larval to pupal stages at concentrations of 3,125 and 4,375 ppm. However, no significant alterations were observed in locomotor activity or morphological characteristics. Moreover, chloramphenicol exposure in D. melanogaster appeared to exert toxic effects by significantly altering the expression of sod1, sod2, and tom40, while having no detectable impact on indy gene expression. Conclusion: High concentrations of chloramphenicol significantly impair larval development in D. melanogaster and alter gene expression profiles. However, adult flies exhibit no observable morphological or locomotor abnormalities compared to controls. These findings highlight that Drosophila larvae are susceptible to chloramphenicol toxicity, making it an ideal phase for assessing the detrimental effects of chloramphenicol.
Biomolecular Mechanism Of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy As An Alternative Treatment In Autism Spectrum Disorder Finnesia Arisca
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 41-45
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.2.2025.41-45

Abstract

Introduction Many alternatives have appeared in the recent technology days for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), many which may have higher risks and harder compliance especially for children. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been in a lot of talks as an alternative treatment for ASD lately and showed improvements in the recent cases. This paper aims to elaborate about biomolecular mechanism involved and how it affect the symptoms of ASD. Methods This research was conducted using the electronic databases Pubmed, GoogleScholar, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Ovid, Science, Springer, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library for articles published between January 2020 and May 2025. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English were included. Results HBOT works by reducing tissue hypoxia, increasing mitochondrial function, restoring impaired blood circulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and many more. These effects help relieve psychological and behavioral symptoms of ASD, especially the alleviating effects on mitochondrial biochemical dysfunction. Conclusion Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by difficulties in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. While its exact cause remains unclear, ASD cases in Indonesia are rising. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) shows potential in easing symptoms, particularly related to mitochondrial dysfunction, but its safety and efficacy need further study.
Prevalence of qacE AND qacE[delta]1 resistance genes in pseudomonas species isolates from hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria Felix. A. Okunrobo; Helen. O Ogefere; Richard Omoregie
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 52-59
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.2.2025.52-59

Abstract

Background: The multi-drug efflux pump systems play a significant role in the mechanism of resistance to biocides in Pseudomonas species. This bacterium has been shown to harbor multi-drug transporter efflux systems genes involving QacE and QacE[delta]l, as do other gram negative bacteria. In Nigeria, the use of antimicrobial agents is unregulated, particularly the use of biocidal formulations both in health care facilities and for domestic purposes. Due to paucity of data on the distribution of qac genes in the health-care environment in Nigeria, this study aimed to determine the distribution of qacE and qacE[delta]1 genes among Pseudomonads–both aeruginosa and non-aeruginosa isolates, from clinical and environmental sources within hospitals in Benin City. Method: A total of 1200 specimens consisting of 500 clinical (wound, urine, ear swabs, high vaginal and endo-cervical swabs, eye swabs, aspirates, catheter tips, sputum and throat swabs) and 700 environmental (sinks, floors and bench tops) were used for this study. All specimens were processed to recover Pseudomonads using cetrimide agar. The isolates were identified with biochemical tests and 16S rRNA. The presence of qacE and qacE[delta]1 genes was detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Result: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and non-aeruginosa isolates were recovered mostly from sinks and wounds. The prevalence of qacE and qacE[delta]1 genes did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between P. aeruginosa and their non-aeruginosa counterparts in both clinical and environmental isolates. In conclusion, we highlight the prevalence of qacE and qacE[delta]1 resistance genes in varying proportions among clinical and environmental pseudomonas species isolates in hospitals in Benin city, Nigeria  
Phagocytic Receptors Mediate Survival and Locomotor Resilience of Ethanol-Exposed Drosophila Julia Citra Prastika; Sri Wahyuni M; Reski Amalia Rosa; Nadila Pratiwi Latada; Mukarram Mudjahid; Risfah Yulianty; Firzan Nainu
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 46-51
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.2.2025.46-51

Abstract

Background Ethanol is a widely studied toxicant known to induce oxidative stress and cellular damage across species. While phagocytic clearance is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, its role in protecting against ethanol-induced toxicity remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the role of phagocytic receptors in modulating the organism’s response to ethanol-induced toxicity using Drosophila melanogaster. Methods To assess the functional significance of phagocytic receptors, we utilized behavioral locomotor assay and survival analysis on both wild-type and mutants deficient in the phagocytic receptors Draper and Integrin-[beta]v of Drosophila which are homologous to mammalian MEGF10 and integrins, respectively. Flies were exposed to the various concentration of ethanol, and their climbing ability and survival responses were compared across genotypes. Results Our results revealed that mutants lacking Draper and/or Integrin-[beta]v showed a significant reduction in locomotor activity (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001) and an approximately two-fold decrease in survival time under ethanol exposure compared with wild-type flies. These findings indicate that impaired phagocytic clearance may exacerbate ethanol toxicity. Conclusion In summary, this study demonstrates that phagocytic receptors play a critical protective role against ethanol toxicity in D. melanogaster. The data suggest the interconnected roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and phagocytosis in maintaining tissue homeostasis, validating Drosophila as a robust model for investigating the effect of toxicant on the phenotypic features of metazoan species.
Screening and Risk Factor Assessment of Cataract and Glaucoma in Hypertensive and Diabetic Populations along the Surabaya Coast Irma Andriani Pasaribu; Aditya Wira Buana; Prawesty Diah Utami
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 60-64
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.2.2.2025.60-64

Abstract

Background: The coexistence of cataract, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension imposes a substantial ocular health burden in aging populations, especially in coastal communities exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Methods: This observational-analytical study evaluated the influence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the incidence of cataract and glaucoma among residents of Kedung Cowek, Surabaya (April 2025). Direct clinical examinations, demographic and medical histories, and ocular assessments were performed on all eligible patients presenting with blurred vision and documented hypertension or diabetes (total sampling). Results: Among 12 hypertensive patients along the Surabaya Coast, 8 (66.7%) had ocular abnormalities. Cataract was the most common finding (5 cases, 41.7%), followed by glaucoma (3 cases, 25%). Pterygium occurred in 4 cases (33.3%), likely linked to high UV exposure. Conclusion: Diabetes, and hypertension appears to accelerate cataract and glaucoma development in this coastal population. Oxidative stress from combined metabolic and environmental factors may overwhelm ocular defenses, increasing vision-related risk.

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