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International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine
Published by Universitas Warmadewa
ISSN : 30477441     EISSN : 30477433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22225/ijbstm
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine is published twice (March and September) a year. The objective is to promote articles on biology and medicine. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine publishes original research work related to biological and medicine. The journal publishes Original articles, Short Reports, Case Reports, and Review articles. All articles published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine (IJBSTM) are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine (IJBSTM) publishes the Original clinical and experimental research studies, Review articles, Case reports on topics but not limited to: Biocemistry, Genetics and molecular biology, Medicine, Environmental health, Tropical diseases, Diseases in tropics, Global health, Pharmacological sciences, Biomedical sciences, Public health, Infection, Epidemiology and clinical epidemiology, Molecular biology, Microbiology, Travel Medicine
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 24 Documents
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Vascular cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke Made Wulan Utami Dewi; A. A. A Putri Laksmidewi
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 1-6
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.1.2024.1-6

Abstract

Background Post-stroke cognitive impairment is the leading cause of post-stroke morbidity and mortality worldwide. This impairment is often associated with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Cognitive impairment could affect attention, memory, language, orientation, and executive and social functioning domains. Case We reported a male patient, 45 years old, Javanese, who came with confusion and memory impairment. When asked a question, the patient tends to think and answer slowly with a wrong response. He also felt weakness in the right half of the body, slurred speech, pursed lips, and had been diagnosed with ischemic stroke. One week after he was sent home, patient still had difficulty arranging words to form a sentence and could not work. Cognitive function screening showed impairment in attention and memory domain with a MOCA-INA score of 19/30. Patients received antihypertensive therapy, dual antiplatelet, statin, and cognitive stimulation. His condition improved with this treatment. Conclusion Early identification of cognitive impairment could reduce morbidity in stroke patients.
Probability-based Equation for Predicting Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Pande Putu Dimas Yoga Pratama; I Made Wisnu Wardhana; Made Dharmesti Wijaya
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 7-11
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.1.2024.7-11

Abstract

Background The global mortality rate for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to climb. The study goal is to provide a proper equation to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients based on medical history, and laboratory examination Methods This was a case-control study. Patients with COVID-19 confirmed case was taken for medical history, physical, and laboratory examination. CBC and D-Dimer were checked when patients were admitted to the hospital. Statistical analysis that was use include Chi-Square or Fisher’s test as comparative study, risk estimate for odds ratio, and logistic regression to formulated the equation. Results Ninety-six patients were gathered at the end of study. The study grouped patients based on survival at end of care which is life and death as dependent variable. We also grouped patients based on several parameter like geriatric age, comorbidities, symptoms (fever, cough, anosmia, cold, dysphagia, and shortness of breath), anemia, leukocytosis/leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated D-Dimer, and pneumonia, as independent variables. Geriatric, comorbidities, fever, cough, shortness of breath, anemia, leukocytosis/leucopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated D-Dimer had significant differences with p < 0.05. Odds ratio and 95%CI for these parameters were 3.02 (1.11-8.20), 4.07 (1.35-12.27), 3.57 (0.96-13.23), 5.04 (1.08-23.34), 4.75 (1.02-22.02), 3.26 (1.15-9.25), 6.40 (2.19-18.63), 3.16 (0.97-10.30), and 0.70 (0.61-0.81), respectively. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression based on this result was calculated and we were able to make this probability equation, p = 1/(1+e-y), with e =2.7, and y = - 24.99 + 1.621(comorbidities) + 1.944(cough) + 1.643(leukocytosis/leukopenia) + 1.397(anemia) + 20.625(elevated D-Dimer). ROC was use to confirm this predicted probability with AUC 0.88 Conclusion This equation was simple enough to be used as tool for clinician to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients. If we were to assume that for example patient with COVID-19 with comorbidities had cough as symptoms, and also had leukocytosis/leukopenia, anemia, and elevated D-Dimer level based on laboratory result, then that patient had 90.25% probability of death as outcome. The study was able to predict death in COVID-19 patients with up to 90.25% probability using our equation with excellent discrimination between these patients
Diphtheritic Polyneuropathy: A Rare Complication that Needs to be Acknowledged Fandy Ong Jaya; Priscilla Love Lee; Kiking Ritarwan
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 12-18
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.1.2024.12-18

Abstract

Globally, diphtheria still poses a burden on public health, predominantly in developing countries. Poor vaccine coverage and boosters are the main factors in the diphtheria outbreak that should have been obliterated as the vaccine was invented a century ago. Health services are particularly burdened by diphtheria because it can lead to both short-term complications like acute airway obstruction and long-term complications like myocardial toxicity and diphtheritic polyneuropathy. Data about diphtheritic polyneuropathy is scarce, and physicians may not be aware of this condition. Herein we present the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of diphtheritic polyneuropathy.
Different Outcome in COVID-19 Patients with or without PPI Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis I Made Wisnu Wardhana; Saraswati Laksmi Dewi
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 19-23
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.1.2024.19-23

Abstract

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic still happening and when it’s going to be resolved is not known. In this COVID-19 era, physicians need to better understand the risk and purpose of giving drugs that patients do not need. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are sometimes easily prescribed and misused by physicians. The study objective is to find out whether PPI use is associated with better or worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Method We searched retrospective studies in various publication libraries like PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL from 2020 to 2022. Inclusion criteria were studied which differentiated patients with COVID-19 who regularly used PPI and control which is COVID-19 patients who did not use PPI. That study also needs to report the outcomes. The outcome was then divided into two categories which are good outcomes and worse outcomes consisting of severe COVID-19 needing oxygen therapy, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock or mortality, to get each study and total odd ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval, and weight. Studies that did not report the outcomes were excluded. We also analyze the data using a fixed or random effect model accordingly and asses the possibility of publication bias using Egger’s test. Case Seven of 11 studies with more than 30.000 COVID-19 patients were analyzed in this study. These patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with COVID-19 who were using PPI up to 30 days before being infected and COVID-19 patients who didn’t use PPI before. The total number of patients in the first group is 3531 patients and the second group is 38138 patients. After statistical analysis, we found that the data is heterogenous with p <0,05, I2 94,22% (95%CI 90,44-96,51%) suggesting the OR needs to be determined in the random effect model. We found that pooled OR is 1.99 (p 0.01, 95% CI, 1.18-3.38). Egger’s test for the possibility of publication bias is 0,64 (95%CI -7,24-4,93). Conclusion COVID-19 patients who use PPI are twice as likely to have a worse outcome than COVID-19 patients who don’t use PPI. This study is statistically significant with a low possibility of publication bias.
Evaluating Curcumin Intake on Metabolism-Related Genes in Drosophila melanogaster Jonathan Elbert Karsten Halim; Asbah Asbah; Nadila Pratiwi Latada; Mukarram Mudjahid; Usmar Usmar; Risfah Yulianti; Firzan Nainu
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 24-29
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.1.2024.24-29

Abstract

Background Aging entails a gradual deterioration of physiological functions within the body. Current research provides evidence suggesting that curcumin may extend the lifespan of fruit flies by mitigating the effects of aging. However, the precise concentration of curcumin necessary to induce favorable phenotypic and molecular outcomes in fruit flies has yet to be determined. Method The study utilized the capillary feeder (CAFE) assay on male Oregon-R flies, and examined the expression of the srl and pepck genes through the reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. Case An elevation of curcumin consumption was examined in the treatment groups that were provided with feed containing curcumin concentrations of 50 μM and 250 μM. This observation is consistent with the increased lifespan noted in the Drosophila groups consuming higher concentrations of curcumin. Meanwhile, molecular analysis at the expression level of the srl and pepck genes revealed no significant change in gene expression between the treatment and control groups. Conclusion The use of the CAFE assay assists researchers in quantitatively measuring the amount of curcumin intake in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the consumption of curcumin in this experiment did not demonstrate a significant impact on the metabolism-related genes of Drosophila, srl and pepck genes.
Ocular Manifestation and Visual Outcome of Zika Virus Infection Associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome Anak Agung Dewi Adnya Swari; Ida Ayu Ary Pramita; I Gusti Ayu Made Juliari; I Made Ady Wirawan
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 30-36
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.2.2024.30-36

Abstract

Introduction: Zika virus disease is an acute infectious disease caused by Zika virus transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes. The ocular findings in children with zika virus, cause a broad spectrum of ocular manifestations and present up to 55% of affected infants. This review explores its ocular manifestations and visual acuity of zika virus infection. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) from the PubMed databases. Assessment of study quality and risk of bias were assessed by using checklist from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: We included 9 literatures with most literatures came from Brazil. Zika virus result in various ocular manifestations, ranging to congenital glaucoma, microphthalmia, congenital cataract, lens subluxation, iris coloboma, and retinopathy. The ocular manifestations of zika virus significant impact on visual outcome. Conclusion: Children with zika virus infection present of ophthalmological abnormalities and high risk for severe visual impairment.
Update on the Diagnosis of Traveler’s Diarrhea: Current Strategies and Emerging Trends Kennedy Winata; Kartika Cahyaningrum; Dayana Puspawarna; Ngakan Satria Wibawa; Agung Kesuma Putra; Bagas Aditya Kurnia Pratama; Eva Santhy; Adi Arya; Miracle Lie; Herliana Yuliartha; Arnelia Tasau; Arya Giri Prebawa; Saraswati Laksmi Dewi
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 37-44
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.2.2024.37-44

Abstract

Traveler’s diarrhea (TD) remains a prevalent condition affecting individuals traveling to regions with varying sanitation standards. The diagnosis of TD has evolved with advancements in diagnostic tools and a better understanding of its etiology. Traditionally diagnosed based on clinical presentation and exposure history, current approaches increasingly incorporate molecular techniques to identify causative pathogens more accurately. Recent updates highlight the integration of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other molecular diagnostic methods that offer rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. These advances enable differentiation between infectious and non-infectious causes of diarrhea, which is crucial for effective management and treatment. Additionally, the role of stool cultures, although less commonly used in rapid diagnostics, remains important for comprehensive pathogen identification. Emerging research emphasizes the need for a tailored diagnostic approach considering geographic region, patient history, and symptom profile. The use of multiplex assays and metagenomic sequencing is showing promise in identifying a broad spectrum of pathogens and understanding the complex microbiological landscape of TD. This update underscores the importance of adopting a multifaceted diagnostic strategy to improve the accuracy of TD diagnosis, thereby enhancing patient care and contributing to the development of targeted treatment and preventive measures.
Syndromic testing as a diagnostic modality for gastrointestinal infection Olivia Jocelyn; David Hutajulu; Erni Juwita Nelwan
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 45-49
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.2.2024.45-49

Abstract

Indonesia continues to grapple with sanitation issues, contributing to high incidence of gastrointestinal infections. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial to minimize the use of empirical antibiotics and medical expenses. Microbial culture, the current gold standard for diagnosing infections, has certain limitations in terms of duration and accuracy. There is a novel multiplex PCR (mPCR)-based diagnostic approach for infections called syndromic testing that can identify up to 20 pathogens simultaneously within 1–2 hours. This evidence-based case report aims to evaluate its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) in diagnosing gastrointestinal infections. Literature search was conducted on February 21, 2024, across several databases which were PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and ProQuest. Two prospective cross-sectional studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria which were then critically appraised. Both studies measured the diagnostic accuracy of syndromic testing for Salmonella and Shigella, yielding sensitivity of 75–95.2%, specificity of >98%, PPV up to 88.2%, and NPV of >99%, indicating its good accuracy. Syndromic testing presents as a promising alternative diagnostic modality for infections, addressing the limitations of culture-based methods.
The active compound of the sponge Niphates olemda against Plasmodium falciparum phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase (pfpmt) based on in silico study F. Frederick; Prawesty Diah Utami; Olivia Mahardani Adam; Fitri Handajani
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 50-55
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.2.2024.50-55

Abstract

Antimalarial drug resistance to P. falciparum has become a global problem in recent decades. This encourages the need for exploration to find alternative treatments, which come from marine product like Sponge Niphates olemda that contain active substrat. This research was conducted to determine the activity sponge Niphates olemda on P. falciparum phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase (PfPMT) through an in silico study.This research is a pure experimental research using the One Shot Experimental Study research design method. Observations were only made once between the variables studied through three analyzes, namely molecular docking analysis, ADME prediction analysis, and active compound toxicity analysis.The results showed that there were 4 active compounds (Niphateolide A, Kapakahine A, Kapakahine B, and Kapakahine F) that had a better binding affinity than artemisinin so that they had antimalarial potential. However, only Niphateolide A met Lipinski's criteria in ADME analysis, but was more toxic than the other three active compounds and also artemisinin. Based on the results of molecular docking analysis, it was found that the active compound Niphateolide A from the sea sponge Niphates olemda has antimalarial potential on target protein Plasmodium falciparum phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase.
Impact of Ethanol Exposure on Survival and the Expression of Endogenous Antioxidants in Drosophila melanogaster L.M Alif Fauzan Tamar; Nur Islamiah Syahrir; Khansa Khansa; Reski Amalia Rosa; Nadila Pratiwi Latada; Sri Wahyuni M; Nur Rahma Rumata; Risfah Yulianty; Mukarram Mudjahid; Firzan Nainu
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine 56-60
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.1.2.2024.56-60

Abstract

Background Ethanol, a widely consumed psychoactive substance, disrupts cellular and molecular processes, leading to a range of adverse physiological effects. Prolonged exposure to ethanol has been associated with severe neurological disorders, underscoring the importance of investigating its toxicological impact. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ethanol exposure on the phenotypical characteristics of Drosophila melanogaster, with a particular focus on survival and the expression of endogenous antioxidant-related genes. Methods The study utilized an ethanol exposure assay on male w1118 flies, assessing survival and the expression of the sod1, sod2, and cat genes through reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results Ethanol exposure negatively affected survival in a concentration-dependent manner, with lower survival rates observed in Drosophila groups exposed to higher ethanol concentrations. Additionally, molecular analysis highlighted the significant role of the endogenous antioxidant gene cat in promoting survival in Drosophila under ethanol exposure. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that ethanol exposure is lethal to D. melanogaster in a concentration-dependent manner, with catalase playing a key role in mitigating its toxic effects and enhancing fly survival.

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