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INDONESIA
Journal of Law and Nation
Published by Inteligensia Media
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29629675     DOI : Zenodo
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Focuses on literature and field studies on law-related matters. The scope is related to legal theory, E-Commerce law, Legal and Deductive Reasoning, International Law, Constitutional Law, Contract Law, administrative law, International Law environment, Money theft, business law, Civil and Criminal Law, International Business and Trade Law, Dispute Resolution, Real Estate Law, Criminal Law, Immigrant and Tourism Law, Common Law, Agency Law, Employment Law, Health Law, Politics, Education and other studies related to law.
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Articles 254 Documents
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ASPEK HUKUM CYBERCRIME TERHADAP MODUS SCAM PINJAMAN ONLINE BERBASIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Rohmatul Karimah; Ahmad Irzal Fardiansyah; Fristia Berdian Tamza
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted Indonesia’s digital finance sector. While AI enhances efficiency in online lending (fintech lending) services, it also introduces sophisticated financial scams. AI-driven online loan scams involve digital manipulation through deepfakes, chatbot phishing, and personal data misuse for illegal profit. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of cybercrime in AI-based financial scams using a normative juridical approach, focusing on Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Law No. 4 of 2023 on Financial Sector Development and Reinforcement, and Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection. The findings indicate that AI-driven loan scams represent a form of organized cybercrime that requires technology-based law enforcement. Legal reform and institutional collaboration between the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Police, and the Ministry of Communication and Information are essential to implement Regulatory Technology (RegTech) as a preventive and control mechanism for AI-related scams.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAW IN STRENGTHENING HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION Muhamad Risal Tawil
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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Public health law plays an important role in regulating health efforts, promoting healthy behavior, and preventing diseases within modern health systems. This study aims to analyze the implementation of public health law to strengthen health promotion and disease prevention through a literature review. The research employs a qualitative method, drawing on library research to examine scholarly articles, academic publications, and international health reports on public health regulation and implementation practices. The findings indicate that effective public health regulations help control health risks, improve preventive health services, and encourage healthier public behavior. However, successful implementation depends on institutional capacity, law enforcement mechanisms, and community participation. In the era of global health challenges, adaptive regulatory frameworks and coordinated policy implementation are essential to strengthen health systems and ensure sustainable public health protection.
SIBER, INFORMASI, DAN KEPEMIMPINAN ERA DIGITAL: TRANSFORMASI SUMBER DAYA TEKNOLOGI DALAM DOKTRIN PERTAHANAN INDONESIA Evi Bayu Priatno; Hendra Saputra, Tarsisius Susilo, Nurhidayat, Tuwadi
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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The digital era has introduced a new domain of warfare: cyberspace and information. Major powers such as Russia, the United States, and Israel demonstrate how visionary leadership in cyberspace can transform technology into strategic defense capabilities. Russia integrates cyberattacks and disinformation as geopolitical tools, the U.S. has established the Defend Forward doctrine alongside broad public–private partnerships, while Israel, through Unit 8200, embeds cyber operations into every military campaign. Indonesia, facing rising threats such as massive data breaches and disinformation campaigns, urgently needs a distinctive national cyber defense doctrine. This article analyzes global leadership models, assesses Indonesia’s existing gaps, and proposes a cyber defense framework grounded in Pancasila and TNI’s values of struggle. Findings suggest that without doctrinal reform, Indonesia risks becoming a soft target in global cyber warfare. However, through transformational leadership and proactive policies, Indonesia can transform technological resources into a resilient digital defense shield, aligned with the vision of Indonesia Emas 2045.
ANALISIS PASAL 16 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2014 TERHADAP INDEPENDENSI NOTARIS DALAM PRAKTIK REKANAN BANK Aria Roby Putra
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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This study aims to analyze the provisions of Article 16 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notary, specifically regarding the principle of notary independence when practicing as a bank partner. This article regulates the obligation of notaries to act honestly, independently, impartially, and protect the interests of the parties involved in every deed. However, in practice, the involvement of notaries as bank partners has the potential to create a conflict of interest, considering the existence of a commercial cooperative relationship between the notary and the bank. This study is a literature study with a normative legal research method, using a statute approach. The results of the analysis show that the cooperation between Notaries and Banks is contractual, but has the potential to violate the principle of neutrality because it creates a special relationship with one of the parties facing the notary. Provisions on honorariums and other rights often trigger conflicts of interest that are contrary to Article 16 paragraph (1) letter a of the UUJN and Article 3 paragraph (4) of the Notary Code of Ethics. This condition can risk reducing the status of the deed to a private deed or making it null and void by law, so an evaluation is needed to maintain the integrity and public trust in the notary profession.
ALI KHAMENEI DAN KETAHANAN IDEOLOGIS IRAN: KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUAL-MILITER DALAM MENGELOLA SUMBER DAYA UNTUK RESISTENSI NASIONAL Ely Asyer Sitompul; Nur Rochmad Ibrohim, Tarsisius Susilo, Budi Saroso, Beny Leonard Limbong
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, as Iran’s Supreme Leader, combines spiritual authority with military influence in his leadership. Under Khamenei, Iran faces severe international sanctions and global pressure, yet has endured through strong ideological resilience. This paper analyzes how integrating ideology (values of the Islamic Revolution and Shi’ism) with Iran’s self-reliant defense strategies (such as the resistance economy and domestic military development) has been key to national resistance. Khamenei launched the “Resistance Economy” concept emphasizing self-sufficiency and diversification for example, achieving fuel independence by building domestic refineries, bolstering food security, and developing defense technology (local drones and ballistic missiles) Khamenei’s spiritual-military leadership –legitimized by the principle of Wilayat al-Faqih enables him to guide the people ideologically while also controlling military strategy, as seen when he issued a fatwa banning nuclear weapons yet still pushed for strengthened civilian nuclear capacity. In comparison, Indonesia’s defense is guided by the Pancasila ideology and the 1945 patriotic values. This study compares Iran’s principle of ideological resilience with that of Indonesia, which, although different (theocracy vs. Pancasila), both emphasize ideological strength in defense. The findings indicate that a strong state ideology can foster national solidarity against threats, with the caveat that differing contexts require strategic adaptation. Implication: Indonesia can learn from Iran the importance of ideological resilience, but apply it according to Pancasila values making Indonesia’s defense resolute in protecting sovereignty while remaining humane.
PUTIN DAN KEDAULATAN ENERGI: KEPEMIMPINAN AUTARKI SEBAGAI BASIS STRATEGI PERTAHANAN NASIONAL Roli Dewanto; Mandri Kartono, Tarsisius Susilo, Setiawan Arismunandar, Edi Wahyudi
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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Vladimir Putin’s autarkic leadership emphasizes Russia’s self-reliance in resources, particularly energy, as the foundation of its national defense strategy. Western geopolitical pressures such as NATO expansion and economic sanctions pushed Putin to weaponize energy as Russia’s strategic bargaining tool. This article examines how Putin’s energy sovereignty policies shaped Russia’s defense capabilities and explores lessons Indonesia can adopt in building a defense system based on strategic natural resources. Literature shows that Russia has leveraged its dominance in oil and gas exports for geopolitical influence, while domestically reinforcing state control over the energy sector and pursuing defense self-sufficiency despite sanctions. This study employs a qualitative case study approach, comparing Russia’s experience with Indonesia’s context. The analysis confirms that mastery of natural resources strengthens defense resilience; Russia financed its military modernization through energy windfalls and remained relatively resilient against embargoes through local innovation. For Indonesia, energy sovereignty is a prerequisite for long-term defense and must be integrated into national doctrine. However, Indonesia’s approach must adhere to Pancasila ethics utilizing resources for self- defense without weaponizing them for coercion. Key recommendations include cross-sector synergy (Energy–Defense) to secure strategic reserves for the armed forces, investment in new energy sources (biofuels, batteries) for military platforms, and strengthening resource-based defense industries. These steps will shape Indonesia’s 2045 defense posture into a resilient and self-reliant system, aligned with ethical values and global cooperation.
ERDOĞAN DAN KONVERGENSI SUMBER DAYA GEOSTRATEGIS TURKI: PELAJARAN BAGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI POROS MARITIM DUNIA Ukik Ari Nursanto; Reno Triambodo, Tarsisius Susilo, Wahyu Ramadhanus, Thomas H.K Sinaga
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has capitalized on Turkey’s unique position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia with an Ottoman heritage to assert regional influence. Through a convergence of geostrategic resources, Erdoğan integrates Turkey’s geographical advantages, domestically built military power, and historical-cultural capital to elevate Turkey as a regional player. This paper examines Erdoğan’s strategy in leveraging strategic location (the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits), military strength and defense industry (e.g. Bayraktar drones, the “Blue Homeland” doctrine), as well as Ottoman historical legacy and soft power (popular TV series, Muslim diplomacy) that bolster Turkey’s leadership in the Islamic world. It then discusses the relevance and lessons for Indonesia a strategically located archipelago in the Indo-Pacific in realizing its Global Maritime Fulcrum vision. Using comparative strategic analysis, we identify key elements: (a) the importance of exploiting geostrategic location (chokepoint straits) via diplomacy and sovereignty enforcement; (b) building national maritime power and self-reliant defense industries; (c) harnessing historical capital and cultural diplomacy to support regional leadership; and (d) adapting strategies to Indonesia’s context of a non-aligned, peace-oriented foreign policy. In conclusion, Indonesia can constructively adapt Erdoğan’s “convergence” approach by developing robust sea power, proactive maritime diplomacy, and a strong maritime identity to become a Global Maritime Fulcrum that is influential yet remains peaceful in line with Pancasila values.
GEOPOLITIK KEPEMIMPINAN GLOBAL DAN KOMPETISI SUMBER DAYA: PERSPEKTIF INDO- PASIFIK DAN PETA ULANG DOKTRIN PERTAHANAN RI M. Effendi; Rudi Hartono, Tarsisius Susilo, Setiawan Arismunandar, Edi Wahyudi
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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The contest for global leadership is increasingly centered in the Indo-Pacific, where major powers the United States, China, and Russia are vying for strategic resources. This rivalry spans multiple domains (energy, critical minerals, technology, land, and information) and is reshaping the region’s security architecture. This article examines how resource competition (for example, disputes over oil in the South China Sea, the 5G and semiconductor race, and struggles for supply routes) is impacting Indo- Pacific geopolitics and influencing Indonesia’s security environment. It underlines the urgency for Indonesia to respond by recalibrating its national defense doctrine. Grounded in the Asta Cita 2045 vision, Indonesia must formulate an adaptive defense doctrine that strengthens maritime security, multi-domain capabilities (cyber and space), and defense diplomacy all while upholding its independent and active foreign policy. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this study identifies patterns of resource rivalry among great powers, assesses the threats and opportunities for Indonesia, evaluates gaps in Indonesia’s current defense doctrine, and proposes a new “Indo-Pacific” defense doctrine framework aligned with the Indonesia Gold 2045 agenda. The analysis recommends a proactive and comprehensive Indonesian defense doctrine to safeguard sovereignty and national resources amid global rivalry, enabling Indonesia to contribute constructively to regional stability toward 2045.
KEPEMIMPINAN TRUMP DAN NASIONALISME SUMBER DAYA: REFLEKSI TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN DOKTRIN PERTAHANAN INDONESIA Afrilian Sukarno Timur; Rahmad Saerodin, Tarsisius Susilo, Tedy Basuki, Ignatius Widi Nugroho
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
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This study examines Donald Trump’s leadership characterized by resource nationalism under the “America First” policy and its implications for Indonesia’s defense logistics self-reliance strategy and doctrine. Geopolitical polarization across multiple domains (energy, technology, cyber, information) during Trump’s era was marked by an emphasis on national self-reliance, for example, withdrawing from global agreements (Paris Accord) and pushing full exploitation of domestic energy resources. Trump’s leadership style has been described as populist, protectionist, isolationist, and nationalist, often pursuing transactional “deal-making” to advance U.S. interests. Prior studies discuss Trump’s policies broadly, but have yet to explore their impact on Indonesia’s defense independence concept. Using a descriptive- qualitative approach and comparative case study, this research juxtaposes the “America First” strategy (USA) with “Indonesia First” efforts in achieving self-reliance in the defense sector. Findings indicate Trump’s policies of defense re-industrialization and energy “dominance” in the U.S. provide valuable lessons for Indonesia to strengthen its defense equipment and logistics autonomy in line with Pancasila values and the spirit of berdikari (standing on one’s own feet). Indonesia should develop a self-reliant defense posture supported by a strong domestic industry and strategic resource reserves, while still engaging internationally under its independent-and-active foreign policy. Indonesia’s future defense doctrine should embody “Active Self-Reliance”: achieving autonomy in defense capabilities, yet remaining proactive in defense diplomacy. This approach would enhance the Indonesian Armed Forces’ readiness amid global disruptions and ensure the long-term sovereignty and dignity of Indonesia’s defense.
XI JINPING DAN MOBILISASI SUMBER DAYA NASIONAL TIONGKOK: MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN TEKNOKRATIS DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI INDONESIA Muh Saifudin khoiruzzamani; Sutarto, Tarsisius Susilo, Budi Saroso, Beny Leonard Limbong
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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President Xi Jinping’s leadership in China exemplifies a technocratic style focused on mobilizing the nation’s full spectrum of resources science and technology (S&T), industry, and high quality human capital to realize the China Dream, including military modernization. This paper examines how Xi’s technocratic leadership model integrates scientific capability and economic strength into defense strategy through a whole-of-nation approach such as Military-Civil Fusion (MCF), surging defense R&D investment, and military digital transformation. The core question is to what extent the synergy of research technology, defense industry human resources under Xi can inform the reformulation of Indonesia’s defense strategy and accelerate TNI’s digitalization. The study finds that amid Indo-Pacific competition, the ability to harness S&T comprehensively is a key determinant of defense superiority. Indonesia must learn from China’s approach, for example, by integrating research institutes, industries, and the military; boosting defense R&D; and building a TNI cyber force, to achieve a strategic leap toward Golden Indonesia 2045. Crucially, any such adaptation must be aligned with Indonesia’s Pancasila democracy and national context, ensuring that the defense strength built is not a threat to peace but a power to protect the nation.

Page 25 of 26 | Total Record : 254

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