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Lakhomi Journal
Published by Britain International for Academic Research Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2774311X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33258
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Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture is an international journal using a peer-reviewed process published in December, March, June and September by Britain International for Academic Research Publisher (BIAR-Publisher). Lakhomi welcomes research papers in culture and other researches relating to culture, ancient and also modren culture. It is published in both online and printed version.
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Articles 120 Documents
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Sacred Sounds and Waters: Sonic and Scientific Dimensions of Divine Connection in Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, Oromo Irreecha, and Global Traditions Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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This study explores the synergistic roles of water and sound in facilitating divine connection and cultural expression across Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity’s Tsebel rituals, the Oromo Irreecha festival, and global religious traditions, integrating scientific perspectives to elucidate their efficacy. In Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, Tsebel (holy water) is central to sacraments like baptism and healing, with Timkat’s communal immersions and liturgical hymns fostering spiritual communion. Similarly, Irreecha’s September riverside rituals involve songs and grass offerings to Waaqaa, symbolizing gratitude and renewal. Global parallels, including Hindu Ganges mantras, Islamic Zamzam recitations, Shinto misogi chants, and Indigenous water songs, reveal water and sound as universal conduits for divine communication. Scientific insights enhance understanding: water’s acoustic properties (transmitting sound four times faster than air) create immersive ritual environments, while chanting reduces stress hormones and triggers dopamine, promoting transcendence. Physiologically, water’s 60% composition in the human body mirrors its symbolic clarity, with placebo effects supporting perceived healing. These findings highlight how water and sound unite communities, reinforce cultural identity, and foster environmental stewardship, as seen in Irreecha’s nature-centric offerings. Future research could explore lesser-known rituals or neuroscientific impacts of sound in aquatic settings. This interdisciplinary analysis contributes to religious studies, anthropology, and science, emphasizing the universal human quest for divine connection through elemental forces. By documenting these practices, the study supports cultural preservation amid modernization, offering insights into humanity’s spiritual resilience.
The Humoral Cosmos: Astrological Medicine and the Birth of Evidence-Based Timing in Pre-Modern Clinical Practice Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Astrological medicine (iatromathematics) dominated pre‑modern clinical practice from the 11th to 17th centuries, yet it is routinely dismissed as superstitious pseudoscience. This verdict obscures its methodological contribution to clinical reasoning. This article reevaluates astrological medicine as a proto‑evidence‑based system, arguing that it created the first systematic practice of using temporally indexed observational data to guide clinical decisions concept we term “evidence‑based timing.” Methods: A historical analysis of primary sources (Galen’s De diebus decretoriis, Avicenna’s Canon, Bernardo de Gordon’s Lilium medicinae), material instruments (ephemerides, astrolabes, Zij tables, Zodiac Man diagrams), and case records (Simon Forman, Richard Napier, Girolamo Fracastoro) was conducted, tracing the logic of astrological prognosis and its secularization through Sanctorius and Sydenham. Astrological medicine forced practitioners to record celestial configurations, predict critical days, and verify outcomes, producing longitudinal, and time‑stamped clinical data. While lacking randomization, blinding, and statistical inference, it institutionalized the habit of temporal optimization. The doctrine of decumbiture charts and lunar‑phase bloodletting schedules represented the first standardized risk‑assessment tools. By the 17th century, iatromathematicians stripped away planetary causation but preserved the chronometric framework, leading directly to quantitative physiology and secular crisis‑day prognosis. Pre‑modern physicians were rational empiricists who asked the right question—“When?” even with the wrong causal model. Astrological medicine was not evidence‑based by RCT standards but was authentically evidence‑based timing. Historians should replace dismissive labels of “superstition” with contextual analyses that recognise the empirical discipline of astrological clinical practice, while modern chronobiologists should acknowledge this lineage.
Culturally Responsive Physics Education: A Bibliometric Mapping of Ethnoscience and Local Wisdom Integration (2010–2025) Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The integration of local culture and indigenous knowledge into physics education has gained substantial scholarly attention over the past decade, reflecting a broader global movement toward culturally responsive pedagogy. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on ethnoscience and local wisdom integration in physics education, drawing on Scopus-indexed publications from 2010 to 2025. Using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny-Bibliometrix software for network visualization and scientific mapping, the analysis examines publication trends, geographic and institutional contributions, key authors, thematic clusters, and emerging research directions. The findings reveal a gradual but accelerating annual growth in publications, with Indonesia emerging as the dominant contributor, reflecting the country's rich cultural diversity and active physics education research community. The Journal of Physics: Conference Series and AIP Conference Proceedings are identified as the primary publication outlets. Four major thematic clusters emerge: culture-physics integration, influencing factors in culturally based learning, methodological approaches, and supporting elements including digital innovation. Central themes connecting these clusters include ethnoscience, Islamic physics, digital learning tools, and contextual pedagogy. The analysis also identifies significant research gaps, including limited geographic diversity beyond Indonesia, narrow focus on motion and heat topics, and insufficient development of validated instructional materials. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on culturally responsive science education by providing a systematic mapping of the research landscape and offering evidence-based recommendations for future inquiry.
The Zafindraony Chant: Indigenous Appropriation and Cultural Resilience within Betsileo Protestantism Rafenomanantsoa Emilson
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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This study explores the Zafindraony as a dynamic cultural archive within the Betsileo socio-religious ecosystem. Emerging during the nineteenth century at the intersection of Merina political expansion and Protestant missionary influence, the Zafindraony has evolved from a liturgical adaptation into a sophisticated repository of indigenous identity. Through archival hermeneutics, comparative ethnomusicological analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork conducted across Fianarantsoa, Ambositra, and Ambalavao, this research examines the genre’s diachronic development and its role in communal cohesion. The findings demonstrate that the Zafindraony operates as a site of strategic syncretism, where Western four-part harmonic structures are re-contextualized to house traditional anatra (moral counsel) and ancestral metaphors. The genre functions as a living instrument of resilience, providing emotional scaffolding during communal rites such as funeral vigils (lanonana) and facilitating social solidarity in an era of rapid digitization. By cross-referencing colonial documentation with contemporary oral testimonies, this study reveals how the Betsileo reclaimed the genre to safeguard their philosophical and linguistic heritage against the risks of cultural homogenization. Ultimately, this article advocates for the formal integration of Zafindraony studies into the Malagasy higher education curriculum. Treating the genre as a vital national heritage asset rather than a peripheral liturgical relic is essential for its preservation. By legitimizing the Zafindraony within the Malagasy academy, this research contributes to the decolonization of musicological discourse, ensuring that this evolving polyphonic tradition continues to serve as an engine for communal development, spiritual well-being, and enduring cultural sovereignty for future generations of the Betsileo people.
Reassessing the Star of Bethlehem in Matthew 2: Astronomy, Theology, and the Ethiopian Angelic Tradition Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 3 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

The Star of Bethlehem in Matthew 2:1–12 has long resisted definitive explanation, with astronomical hypotheses (planetary conjunctions, comets, novae) and theological readings often proceeding in isolation. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition, which identifies the star as the Archangel Michael, remains virtually unknown in mainstream scholarship. This review reassesses the star by integrating three lenses: natural astronomical candidates, theological functions within Matthew’s narrative, and the Ethiopian angelic interpretation. An interdisciplinary review of astronomical literature (retrospective celestial mechanics, ancient Chinese records), patristic exegesis (Origen, Chrysostom), and Ethiopian primary sources (The Book of the Mysteries of the Heavens and the Earth, 15th c.), supplemented by liturgical and architectural analysis. No single astronomical candidate fully accounts for the star’s narrative behaviors (cessation, reappearance, “standing over” a house). Patristic writers, especially Chrysostom, interpreted the star as an angelic power. The Ethiopian tradition uniquely names the star as Michael, embeds this identification in the Genna Christmas procession (candles, three circuits of the church), and reflects it in the eastern orientation of the “Bethlehem” prothesis room. Conclusion: The star is best understood as a “providentially timed convergence” natural astronomical event (e.g., the 5 BCE comets) used by God as the vehicle for angelic guidance and theological revelation. The Ethiopian voice resolves narrative difficulties and enriches the interdisciplinary conversation. Future research should systematically survey Ge‘ez manuscripts (e.g., Te’amrä Iyasus, homiliaries) and compare Ethiopian angelology with Coptic and Syriac traditions.
The Chemistry of Devotion: Materials, Techniques, and Symbolism in Ethiopian Sacred Metalwork and Manuscript Illumination Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 3 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Ethiopian sacred arts represent one of the world's oldest continuous traditions of material and spiritual transformation, yet the chemical knowledge embedded in these practices remains largely unexplored in the historiography of science and art history. Purpose: This study examines Ethiopian sacred metalwork and manuscript illumination as a form of applied alchemy, investigating the practical chemistry, techniques, and theological symbolism underlying these traditions. Drawing on interdisciplinary approaches combining archaeometric analysis (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry), art historical examination, ethnographic documentation, and textual analysis, this study synthesizes existing research and presents new interpretations of Ethiopian sacred material culture. Ethiopian artisans possessed sophisticated indigenous chemical knowledge encompassing metallurgy (smelting, lost-wax casting, alloying, gilding), parchment-making, ink preparation (carbon-based and iron-gall inks), and pigment production (mineral, plant-based, and imported pigments). This practical chemistry was deeply intertwined with theological symbolism: gold signified divine light, red represented the blood of Christ, and the processes of transformation were understood as acts of purification and devotion. The Ethiopian tradition, continuous since late Antiquity, serves as a vital source for understanding vanished historical practices. Ethiopian sacred arts constitute a distinctive tradition of applied alchemy that challenges Eurocentric narratives of chemical knowledge, demonstrating that sophisticated material practices flourished in non-European contexts. Future research should prioritize systematic chemical analysis of wider manuscript and metal object corpora, ethnographic studies of living craftspeople, comparative studies with other African and Eastern Christian traditions, and digital humanities approaches to preserve and analyze this endangered heritage.
Pematang Siantar in the Early Independence Period 1945-1947 Suprayitno
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, March
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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This study examines the strategic role of Pematang Siantar during the early period of Indone-sian independence (1945–1947), when the city functioned as the administrative and military center of the Republic of Indonesia in Sumatra. Using a historical research method, the study employs heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiographical approaches to analyze archival records, government documents, memoirs, and secondary historical sources. The findings reveal that the relocation of the Sumatra Provincial Government from Medan to Pematang Siantar in April 1946 was driven by the deteriorating security situation caused by Allied and Dutch (NICA) military operations. During approximately twenty months, Pema-tang Siantar became the center of governmental administration, military coordination, and logistical support for the Republican struggle, particularly in the Medan Area. The city also played a significant role in the reorganization of the Indonesian National Army (TNI), the establishment of the Regional Defense Council and the Regional Struggle Bureau, the issu-ance of the Province of Sumatra's Republican currency, and the consolidation of national uni-ty through visits by prominent leaders, including Vice President Mohammad Hatta. Despite internal challenges such as logistical shortages and tensions among military groups, Pematang Siantar remained a vital revolutionary city that strengthened the Republican government's resistance against Dutch military aggression. The study concludes that Pematang Siantar made a decisive contribution to sustaining the Republic of Indonesia in Sumatra by serving not only as a temporary capital but also as a strategic political, military, and economic center during one of the most critical phases of the Indonesian Revolution.
Women's Cultural Festivals and Peacebuilding: Examining Ashenda, Shaday, and Solel in Ethiopia's Fragile Peace Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Yohana Belay
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 3 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The Ashenda, Shaday, and Solel festivals, celebrated annually in late August across northern Ethiopia, represent a distinctive cultural heritage that intertwines religious devotion, seasonal transition, and communal celebration. This article examines the religious, astronomical, and peacebuilding dimensions of these interconnected festivals, drawing on ethnographic literature, historical accounts, and contemporary media reports. The festivals mark the conclusion of the Filseta fast, a 16-day observance commemorating the Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin Mary in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, while simultaneously heralding the end of the rainy season and the approach of harvest. This dual anchoring in liturgical and astronomical rhythms establishes the festivals as moments of renewal, transition, and hope. The article further analyzes how the festivals serve as public platforms for expressing aspirations for peace, particularly in the context of post-conflict northern Ethiopia, where the 2026 cancellation of the Mekelle gathering due to drone attack fears underscored the fragility of peace. The festivals' focus on women and girls provides a culturally grounded mechanism for women's empowerment and peacebuilding, challenging patriarchal norms and fostering leadership skills among participants. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of liminality, cultural peacebuilding, and social capital, the article argues that the Ashenda festivals function as "peace indicators" whose occurrence signals the state of peace, while also serving as vehicles for social cohesion, resilience, and community renewal. The article concludes with a framework for institutional responsibilities and community roles essential for translating the festivals' symbolic peace aspirations into tangible, lasting peace.
Sacred Geographies, Celestial Knowledge, and the Tana Qirqos Monastery: Religious Memory, Astronomical Traditions, and State Formation in Historical Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 3 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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This article examines the multifaceted role of Tana Qirqos Monastery in the historical development of Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, interrogating the intersections of sacred geography, astronomical knowledge transmission, and state formation across nearly two millennia. Drawing upon hagiographical sources, manuscript evidence from the Ethiopian Manuscript Microfilm Library (EMML), and archaeological observations, the study argues that Tana Qirqos functioned as a critical nexus wherein religious memory—particularly traditions of the Ark of the Covenant and the Holy Family's sojourn—coalesced with scholarly preservation of celestial knowledge to underpin Ethiopian national identity and statecraft. The monastery's location on Lake Tana, Ethiopia's largest lake and source of the Blue Nile, positioned it at the intersection of sacred landscape and political geography. Through analysis of Ge'ez manuscripts, including astronomical and calendrical texts (Bāḥra Ḥassāb), the article demonstrates how monastic scholarship preserved and transmitted computational knowledge essential for liturgical practice, agricultural planning, and royal chronology. The findings reveal that Tana Qirqos was not merely a passive repository of tradition but an active agent in the articulation of Ethiopian Orthodox identity, the legitimation of Solomonic dynastic claims, and the consolidation of Christian kingship. The article contributes to broader scholarly conversations on the relationship between religion, science, and state formation in African contexts, challenging Eurocentric narratives that separate these domains.
The Plasma and the Portent: Integrating Alfvénic Acceleration, Geomagnetic Forcing, and Transcultural Religious Cosmologies of the Aurora Borealis Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 3 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The aurora borealis occupies a singular position at the intersection of physical and cultural experience, a luminous phenomenon that has simultaneously invited scientific scrutiny and demanded spiritual interpretation. Yet contemporary scholarship has largely treated these dimensions as separate domains, creating "the great uncoupling" of auroral physics from auroral meaning-making. This paper presents an integrative framework, the "plasma-portent" model that bridges the magnetosphere and the mythosphere. We synthesize Alfvénic acceleration physics, geomagnetic forcing, and transcultural religious cosmologies to demonstrate that geomagnetic intensity systematically influences cultural output. The Trigger Threshold Hypothesis (Kp ≥ 7) identifies the physical condition under which auroral displays transition from familiar high-latitude phenomena to rare, portentous events that consistently evoke religious anxiety and textual recording. Chromatic Theology reveals that red aurorae, produced by energetic storms, uniformly trigger "blood/war" omens across unrelated cultures, suggesting a universal psychological response to a specific physical stimulus. The mythosphere functions as a cultural magnetometer, providing "soft" proxies for reconstructing historical space weather before instrumental records. The 774–775 CE Miyake events, cross-referencing radiocarbon spikes with Anglo-Saxon and Chinese auroral records, validate this integrative model. We address retrospective determinism, advocate epistemological reconciliation between scientific and Indigenous cosmologies, and propose astromythology as a new interdisciplinary field combining solar physics, historical climatology, and comparative religion. The aurora emerges as humanity's oldest continuous laboratory, a physical phenomenon that forces us to reconcile cosmic brutality with transcendent meaning-making.

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