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Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research
Published by Bahiraliya Natura Science
ISSN : 31245447     EISSN : 31245447     DOI : https://doi.org/10.66982/ijhbr.v1i1
Core Subject :
The Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research (IJHBR) is a peer-reviewed, double-blind, open-access scientific journal published and managed by Bahiraliya Natura Science (E-ISSN: 3124-5447), a scientific organization affiliated with Politeknik ‘Aisyiyah Pontianak, committed to advancing research in herbal medicine, natural products, and biomedical sciences in Indonesia and internationally. The IJHBR serves as a platform for researchers, academics, and practitioners to share scientific findings, innovations, and insights related to herbal therapy, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, molecular biology, clinical applications, and health science. The journal welcomes original research articles, review papers, and short communications that contribute to the growing body of knowledge on herbal and biomedical research. IJHBR published periodically (twice a year) in June and December. Every article that goes to the editorial staff will be selected through Desk Review and Initial Manuscript Evaluation processes by Editorial Board. Then, the articles will be sent to the Mitra Bebestari/peer reviewer and will go to the next selection by Double-Blind Peer-Review Process.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
In Silico Approaches to Analyze a Potency of Mangostin Compounds as Inhibitors of Gardnerella vaginalis Arsella Nur; Khoirul Rista Abidin; Adelia Chintya Ningrum; Febrina Siregar; Suchi Suchi; M. Dzaki Al-Ghifari
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v1i1.1

Abstract

Background: Gardnerella vaginalis is the predominant pathogen in bacterial vaginosis (BV), known for its biofilm formation and increasing resistance to standard antibiotics such as metronidazole. Natural compounds such as xanthones from Garcinia mangostana, including α-, β-, and γ-mangostin, have shown antimicrobial properties and are promising as alternative therapeutic candidates. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of α-mangostin, β-mangostin, and γ-mangostin as inhibitors of G. vaginalis using in silico approaches, focusing on their interactions with the DAHP synthase enzyme. Methods: The study involved ligand preparation with energy minimization using Chem3D, receptor modeling of DAHP synthase through SWISS-MODEL, and validation using Ramachandran plot analysis. Molecular docking was conducted using HDock, while pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) were predicted using SwissADME and pkCSM. Molecular dynamic modeling was performed using the iMODS server, analyzing main-chain deformability, eigenvalues, elastic network, variance, and covariance. Results: γ-Mangostin showed the lowest docking score (–165.89) and highest confidence score (0.57), indicating strong affinity and interaction with active site residues such as Arg135A and Asp368A. ADME analysis revealed that all mangostin compounds had high gastrointestinal absorption with no Lipinski violations. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed γ-mangostin’s ability to induce structural stability and coordinated residue motion in DAHP synthase, suggesting its favorable bioactive profile. Conclusions: γ-Mangostin is a promising natural inhibitor candidate against G. vaginalis through stable and specific interaction with DAHP synthase, supporting its potential for further in vitro and in vivo studies as a BV therapeutic agent.
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kapulaga (Amomum compactum) sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Marda Hamelya Putri; Khoirul Rista Abidin; Khairul Bariyah; Puspa Amalia
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v1i1.2

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effectiveness of ethanol extract of cardamom against Candida albicans. The well diffusion method was used with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, alongside a positive control (ketoconazole). The inhibition zone was measured to assess antifungal activity. The 15% extract concentration produced an average inhibition zone of 16.56 ± 0.86 mm, categorized as moderate inhibition. These findings suggest that A. compactum possesses antifungal potential due to its bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins, which are known for their antimicrobial properties. The growing resistance of Candida albicans to synthetic antifungal agents highlights the importance of exploring natural alternatives. Hence, A. compactum extract demonstrates promising potential as a natural antifungal candidate that could be further developed for pharmaceutical or herbal formulations. The 15% ethanol extract of A. compactum exhibited measurable inhibitory activity against Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 16.7 mm, 17.65 mm, 16.3 mm, and 15.6 mm across four replications. The mean inhibition zone was 16.56 mm with a standard deviation of 0.86 mm, indicating moderate antifungal strength. The variation among replicates was within the expected range for microbiological assays and may result from minor differences in extract diffusion or fungal growth conditions.
Activities Analysis of Encapsulated Mitragyna speciosa Extracts in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats Model: In vivo and In silico Studies : Nanoparticles of M. speciosa to High-fat Diet Rats Khoirul Rista Abidin; Mas Rizky AA Syamsunarno; Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto; Kelana Kusuma Dharma; Ronny Lesmana; Nasrul Wathoni; Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v1i1.3

Abstract

Background: UCP-1 deficiency can be addressed through the activation of thermogenesis using various herbs, including Mitragyna speciosa (M. speciosa ). Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of M. speciosa extracts, encapsulated in nanoparticles, in stimulating the activity of UCP-1 . Methods: The research utilized an in silico approach to test the docking of Mitragynine and epinephrine ligands against β1 and β3 adrenergic receptors. The nanoparticles were prepared using chitosan, alginate, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). An in vivo study was performed utilizing Wistar rats subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and assigned to six groups: Normal, HFD, HFD + MG50, HFD + Npm5, HFD + Npm10, and HFD + Npm20. The induction period for all groups was set at four weeks. Results: The docking tests yielded binding scores of -189.55 for Mitragynine against the β1 adrenergic receptor and -179.76 for the β3 receptor. The interactions between Mitragynine and the adrenergic receptors involved amino residues similar to those found in the native ligand epinephrine, specifically Asn1006A, Ser1007A, and Asn1022A for β1, and Asn332R for β3. Nanoparticles at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg BW demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05) in body temperature and UCP-1 levels. Notably, the 10 and 20 mg/kg BW dosages did not lead to weight gain in the rats (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Mitragynine shows potential as an agonist for β1 and β3 adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, the nanoparticles at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg BW were effective in stimulating UCP-1 activity and elevating body temperature in rats subjected to a high-fat diet.
Evaluasi Efektivitas Daun Bayam Merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Berdasarkan Waktu Perendaman sebagai Pewarna Alternatif pada Pemeriksaan Escherichia coli Kalisti Meriani Papalanggi; Fath Dwisari; Puspa Amalia
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v1i1.4

Abstract

Escherichia coli is one of the Gram negative bacteria and the main bacteria that causes diarrhea. The identification of E. coli can be used by Gram staining using safranin. However, safranin has several limitations, which are expensive and carcinogenic. Therefore, an alternative dyes based on natural compounds such as red spinach leaves are needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of soaking time variations of red spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L) as an alternative dye and the effect of soaking time variations on the examination of Escherichia coli staining. This research was conducted by quasi-experiments, using purposive sampling with a total of 27 samples and safranin as positif control. The Fisher's exact statistical test obtained p-value<0.05 which stated there were difference between red spinach leaves and safranin in staining of E. coli bacteria. The present study exhibited the potency of (Amaranthus tricolor L.) as an alternative dye for E. coli staining, but had not shown better results compared to safranin.
Analisis Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi terhadap Konsentrasi Etanol pada Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata) dan Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca L) Rahmadian Hoirunnisa; Khoirul Rista Abidin; Fath Dwisari; Abdurraafi' Maududi Dermawan
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v1i1.5

Abstract

Banana peel waste is frequently discarded without proper management, potentially causing long-term environmental problems. However, banana peels can be valorized as a renewable feedstock for ethanol production. This study employed a quantitative experimental design consisting of four main stages: sample preparation, sulfuric acid hydrolysis, yeast fermentation with fermentation time variations of 72, 120, and 168 h, and ethanol content analysis. The ethanol content obtained from Raja banana (Musa acuminata) peels at fermentation times of 72, 120, and 168 h was 15%, 16%, and 17%, respectively. Meanwhile, ethanol yields from Kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) peels at the same fermentation durations were 17.66%, 20.33%, and 22.33%, respectively. The results indicated that the highest ethanol content for both Raja and Kepok banana peels was achieved at a fermentation time of 168 h. Friedman test analysis revealed significance values of 0.368 (> 0.05) for Raja banana peels and 0.097 (> 0.05) for Kepok banana peels, indicating no statistically significant differences in ethanol content among the three fermentation durations. Overall, an increasing trend in ethanol content was observed for both banana varieties with prolonged fermentation time; however, statistical analysis confirmed that the differences were not significant across the tested fermentation periods.
Analisis In Silico Potensi Aktivitas Biologis Senyawa Volatil Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Muhammad Andre Reynaldi; Rafika Sari; Abdurraafi’ Maududi Dermawan; Enggy Erwansani; Shahiroh Haulaini; Aulia Faradilla
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v2i1.6

Abstract

Coconut shell liquid smoke contains various volatile compounds with potential biological activities that can be explored through computational approaches. This study aimed to predict the potential biological activities of volatile compounds identified in coconut shell liquid smoke using the PASS Online platform as an initial computational screening approach to identify promising natural bioactive compounds for further pharmacological investigation and drug discovery. Five representative volatile compounds reported in previous studies, namely 2-hydroxymethylphenol, 3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol, 2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 4-methyl-1,2-benzenediol, were selected for analysis. Prediction of biological activities was performed using PASS Online based on the probability of activity (Pa) and probability of inactivity (Pi) values. The results showed that all compounds exhibited high potential biological activities with Pa values above 0.900. The dominant predicted activities included aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase inhibitor, feruloyl esterase inhibitor, JAK2 expression inhibitor, membrane integrity agonist, and ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase inhibitor. Several compounds also demonstrated potential activities related to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial mechanisms. The predicted activity profiles suggest that volatile phenolic compounds in coconut shell liquid smoke may represent promising candidates for further bioactivity exploration. However, these computational predictions require experimental validation through in vitro and in vivo studies before their biological potential can be confirmed.
Artikel Review : Sistem Penghantaran Obat Berbasis pH Tertarget pada Kolon: Tinjauan Mekanisme dan Efektivitas Formulasi Enterik Nobel Pangarintungan
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v2i1.7

Abstract

pH-responsive drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy to achieve targeted drug release in the colon by protecting drugs from premature release in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This review aimed to evaluate recent advances in pH-responsive colon-targeted drug delivery systems published between 2016 and 2025. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink using predefined keywords. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten original research articles were included for qualitative synthesis. The findings demonstrated that pH-responsive nanoparticles, microparticles, and polymer-coated beads consistently minimized drug release under acidic conditions while enhancing drug release at colonic pH. Eudragit-based polymers, either alone or combined with natural polymers and advanced carrier materials, remained the most widely used formulations because of their favorable drug protection, encapsulation efficiency, controlled release, and therapeutic performance. Recent developments indicate a shift toward multifunctional and multi-responsive delivery platforms to improve colon-specific drug delivery. However, most available evidence is limited to preclinical studies, highlighting the need for further clinical investigations to facilitate future therapeutic applications.
Perbedaan Sensitifitas Air Rebusan Daun Sirih Hijau dengan Daun Sirih Merah dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli Menggunakan Metode Difusi Kamarudin Kamarudin; Suwandi Edy
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v2i1.8

Abstract

Green betel leaves contain essential oils, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and steroids. Conversely, red betel leaves contain chemical compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and essential oils. The compounds present in red betel leaves are secondary metabolites that can be utilized as medicinal agents. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the antibacterial efficacy of green and red betel leaf decoctions in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli using the diffusion method. A comparative research design was employed to determine the magnitude of the differences between the observed groups. The results demonstrated that across 16 samples of green betel leaf decoction, the zone of inhibition ranged from 9 mm to 11 mm, with a mean of 10 mm. In contrast, the 16 samples of red betel leaf decoction exhibited a minimum inhibition zone of 11 mm and a maximum of 13 mm, with a mean inhibition zone of 11.88 mm (~12 mm). The Mann-Whitney U test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference in inhibitory activity between green and red betel leaf decoctions against the growth of Escherichia coli.
Perbedaan Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Miana Merah Konsentrasi 10%, 20% Dan 30% Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Shigella dysentriae Muhammad Yumni; Suwandi Edy
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v2i1.9

Abstract

The Miana plant is an easily cultivated ornamental species. In West Kalimantan, Miana grows abundantly in the wild and grows rapidly. Miana leaves contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids, which serve as antibacterial agents. These phytochemicals can inhibit bacterial growth, particularly that of Shigella species. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the inhibitory efficacy of various concentrations of Miana leaf ethanol extract on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae. A quasi-experimental research design was employed. The study used Miana leaf ethanol extract samples at three treatment concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%), with 10 replications per concentration. The inhibitory activity against S. dysenteriae was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Laboratory results revealed that the mean zones of inhibition formed at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% were 7.90 mm, 9.10 mm, and 11.10 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Friedman test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Consequently, there is a significant difference in the antibacterial inhibitory activity of red Miana leaf ethanol extracts at 10%, 20%, and 30% concentrations against the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.
Analisis Antibakteri Teh Kombucha Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Isolat Pus Ulkus Diabetikum Rosyiid Amrijuldin; Tilawaty Aprina; Khoirul Rista Abidin; Khairul Bariyah
Indonesian Journal of Herbal and Biomedical Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Bahiraliya Natura Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66982/ijhbr.v2i1.10

Abstract

Background: Diabetic ulcers are a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that are frequently infected by Staphylococcus aureus. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has encouraged the search for natural antibacterial alternatives, one of which is green tea kombucha, which contains bioactive compounds produced during the fermentation process. Methods: This experimental study employed the disk diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton Agar (MHA). The samples consisted of green tea kombucha fermented for 7 days at concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Nebacetin was used as the positive control, while sterile distilled water served as the negative control. Bacterial isolates were identified using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney test to determine significant differences among the treatment groups. Results: Diabetic ulcer pus isolates exhibited the characteristic features of S. aureus, as indicated by the yellow color change of the culture medium. The antibacterial activity assay demonstrated that all kombucha concentrations inhibited the growth of S. aureus, with the largest inhibition zone observed at the 50% concentration (5.58 mm) and the smallest at the 40% concentration (4.30 mm). The Mann–Whitney test revealed a significant difference between the kombucha treatment groups and the negative control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Green tea kombucha fermented for 7 days exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic ulcer pus and shows potential as a natural antibacterial agent to support the treatment of wound infections in patients with diabetes.

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