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Journal of Marine Research
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24077690     DOI : 10.14710/jmr.v9i4.28340
Core Subject : Science,
The Journal of Tropical Fisheries Management is managed by the Department of Water Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University aims to publish the results of basic, applied research in the scope of fisheries resources, fish stock studies, and population dynamics, fish biodiversity, fisheries technology, industrialization and fish trade, fisheries management, and fisheries development policies in the tropics, especially Indonesia. The scope of the area includes: Marine Fisheries Coastal Fisheries Inland Fisheries The focus and scope of this publication are expected to contribute thoughts for the government to strengthen the science of fisheries management
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Articles 825 Documents
Pengaruh Perebusan Dengan Abu Sekam Dan Waktu Perendaman Air Terhadap Kadar Hcn Pada Buah Mangove Avicennia marina Kurniawan, Ade; Wulandari, Sri Yulina; Supriyantini, Endang
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (334.384 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v1i2.2023

Abstract

The potential of mangove fruit as a food source has not been known yet. Mangove is a potential material to be used as a food substitute, one of which is the process of making flour. One part of the Mangove is used for the manufacture of flour is the fruit of mangove A.marina. Toxins such as HCN in fruit may cause constraint in food processing, so it needs to be removed. The ways that can be done by immersion and boiling them with rice husk ash. Rice husk ash is material that is expected to absorb HCN as toxin in fruit. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern consisting of two factors treatments with three replicates by 6 hours immersion time (4, 8 and 12 replications) and ash contents (5, 10, 15% W). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using SPSS. The results showed that treatment with several concentrations of ash boiling and long water immersion to give a significant influence on levels of HCN A.marina mangove fruit flour. Treatment with boiling 15% ash content and 6 hours of water immersion to 12 replications provides the best results of the HCN content of fruit and flour mangove mangove A.marina
KONDISI MORFOMETRI DAN KOMPOSISI ISI LAMBUNG IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) YANG DIDARATKAN DI WILAYAH PRIGI JAWA TIMUR Setya W., Yunika Ayu Setya W Ayu; Ario, Raden; Redjeki, Sri
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (184.171 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v3i3.5994

Abstract

Ikan Cakalang yang ditemukan di PPN Prigi memiliki ukuran yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makan (food habit) ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) berbagai ukuran yang didaratkan di perairan pantai Prigi, Kabupaten Trenggalek . Sebanyak 68 ekor sampel ikan Cakalang diambil pada bulan September – November 2013 dari pengepul di pantai Prigi, untuk selanjutnya di lakukan pengukuran panjang total, berat tubuh dan analisis hubungan panjang-berat serta analisis isi lambung dengan metode frekuensi kejadian, metode volumetrik dan indeks preponderance. Data yang telah dihitung antara hubungan panjang total ikan dengan berat tubuh semua ikan Cakalang bersifat allometrik negatif dengan nilai b sebesar 2,824. Hasil yang telah didapatkan dari semua perhitungan indeks preponderance organisme ikan yang bernilai sebesar 63,78%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan indeks preponderance yang didapatkan, ikan merupakan makanan utama bagi ikan Cakalang di wilayah Prigi dengan jumlah total sampel lambung berisi sebanyak 37 lambung. Dari 68 sampel ikan Cakalang yang diperoleh dari wilayah Prigi kisaran panjang total ikan Cakalang yaitu 20 cm - 60,5 cm dengan kisaran berat ikan 250 gram - 4200 gram.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tetraselmis chuii Dan Skeletonema Costatum Terhadap Kandungan Epa Dan Dha Pada Tingkat Kematangan Gonad Kerang Totok Polymesoda erosa Widasari, Fitrianisa Nur; Wulandari, Sri Yulina; Supriyantini, Endang
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (235.287 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v2i1.2050

Abstract

The research was conducted to determine the effect of natural feed T. chuii and S. costatum to content of EPA and DHA on the level of maturity of the gonads. Species used in this research Totok clams sized 4-5 cm. Obtained from the waters surrounding Gombol island, Segara Anakan Cilacap. The method used is an experimental laboratory with a split plot draft random, 2 factorials and 3 treatments. Influence of mixture T1 : T. chuii 36 x 104 sel / mL and S. costatum 9 x 104 sel / mL; T2 : T. chuii 27 x 104 sel / mL and S. costatum 18 x 104 sel / mL; T3 : T. chuii 18 x 104 sel / mL and S. costatum 27 x 104 sel / mL. The feed is given once a day for there months. Measurement of EPA and DHA content using GC-MS method. The results of this research showed that treatment of feeding a mixture of T. chuii and S. costatum give real effect to the content of EPA and DHA on Totok clams. The development of the level of maturity of the gonads is still in the development Totok clams of stadia 1. Treatment of mixed feed formulations (T. chuii 27 x 104 cells/ml and S. Costatum 18 x 104 cells/ml) give better the growth Totok clams, a heavy wetness soft tissue Totok clams, feed consumption, Survival Rate of Totok clams, the percentage content of EPA and DHA and the level of maturity of the gonads in Totok clams P. erosa.
Analisis Kesesuaian Wisata Pantai Di Pantai Krakal Kabupaten Gunung Kidul Febyanto, Fadhil; Pratikto, Ibnu; Koesoemadji, Koesoemadji
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (178.636 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v3i4.8364

Abstract

Pantai Krakal terletak di Desa Ngestirejo, Kecamatan Tanjungsari. Pantai ini memiliki potensi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk dijadikan sebagai kawasan wisata. Masalah yang belakangan ini muncul di kawasan Pantai Krakal adalah masih kurangnya minat masyarakat untuk mengunjungi pantai, semakin rusaknya lingkungan di kawasan pantai, pengelolaan sampah yang kurang baik serta tata ruang yang masih belum baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesesuaian wisata pantai di Pantai Krakal.Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan pada siang hari dan pada saat air laut sedang pasang. Metode pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada bulan Mei 2014, yang terbagi menjadi tiga stasiun pengamatan. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan untuk analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) yang menghasilkan nilai kesesuaian wisata. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada siang hari dan saat air laut sedang pasang menyimpulkan bahwa tingkat kesesuaian wisata pantai di Pantai Krakal di Stasiun 1,2, dan 3 masuk ke dalam kategori sangat sesuai untuk wisata pantai karena memiliki nilai Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) diatas 80% dengan rincian sebagai berikut: di Stasiun 1 dengan nilai IKW sebesar 82,759%; di Stasiun 2 nilai IKW sebesar 88,506%; serta Stasiun 3 memiliki nilai IKW sebesar 85,057%.
Biologi Rajungan Ditinjau dari Aspek Morfometrik dan Sex Ratio yang Didaratkan di Perairan Rembang Putra, Muhammad Juli Hendra; Subagiyo, Subagiyo; Nuraini, Ria Azizah Tri
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (636.987 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v9i1.24729

Abstract

ABSTRAK : Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, berbanding lurus dengan penangkapan yang meningkat. Tingkat pemanfaatan yang tidak konservatif akan mempengaruhi  ukuran dan kondisi rajungan di suatu populasi, serta stok rajungan di suatu perairan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kajian konservasi rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) berdasarkan morfometri dan sex ratio yang didaratkan oleh nelayan  di Perairan Desa Gegunung Wetan, Kecamatan Rembang, Kabupaten Rembang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian bersifat deskriptif. Pengamatan rajungan dilakukan pada salah satu pengepul di Desa. Rajungan di amati berdasarkan morfometri dan sex rasio selama 30 hari. Hasil Informasi dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam menentukan kebijakan mengenai pengelolaan perikanan rajungan yang berkelanjutan dan bersifat konservatif. Hasil dari penelitian diketahui bahwa kelimpahan rajungan jantan sebesar 46% (1379 ekor) rajungan betina 56% (1621 ekor) dari 3000 ekor sampel rajungan. Rasio perbandingan jantan dan betina 1:1,18. Berdasarkan distribusi ukuran lebar karapas rajungan di perairan Rembang adalah berkisar anatara 72–167  mm dan distribusi berat sebesar 40–303 gram. Distribusi tingkat kematangan gonad pada perairan Rembang adalah 608 ekor pada TKG 1; 658 ekor pada TKG 2; dan 355 pada TKG 3. Data menunjukan bahwa pola pertumbuhan rajungan yang ada di perairan Rembang adalah allometrik negatif  baik rajungan jantan maupun rajungan betina. Abstract: Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) has a high economic value, directly proportional to the increased catch. The level of non-conservation utilization will affect the size and condition of the blue swimming crab in a population, as well as the blue swimming crab stock in a waters. This study is aimed to determine the blue swimming crab conservation study (Portunus pelagicus) based on morphometry and sex ratio brought by fishermen in the waters of Gegunung Wetan Village, Rembang District, Rembang Regency. The method used in this study is descriptive. Observation of blue swimming crab samples was carried out in one of the collectors in the village. Blue swimming crab was observed based on morphometry and sex ratio for 30 days. Informative results can be used as a guide in determining policies regarding sustainable and conservation management of blue swimming crab fisheries. The results of the study revealed that the abundance of male blue swimming crab was 46% (1379 male blue swimming crab) and the abundance of the female blue swimming crab was 56%  (1621 female blue swimming crab) of 3000 blue swimming crab samples. The ratio of male and female  is 1:1.18. Based on the size distribution of the width of the blue swimming crab carapace in the waters of Getanung Wetan it ranges from 72-167 mm and the distribution of weight is 40-303 grams. 13.8% (413 blue swimming crab) sized≤10 cm and 86.2% (2587 blue swimming crab) sized ≥10 cm. The distribution of gonad maturity level in the waters of Gegunung Wetan is 608 female blue swimming crab at TKG 1; 658 female blue swimming crab at TKG 2; and 355 female blue swimming crab at TKG 3. There were 355 female blue swimming crab (22%) of the total female blue swimming crab laying eggs. The data showed that the blue swimming crab growth pattern in Gegunung Wetan waters was negative allometric both male and female blue swimming crab.
STUDI KESESUAIAN DAN DAYA DUKUNG KAWASAN UNTUK REKREASI PANTAI DI PANTAI PANJANG KOTA BENGKULU Nugraha, Himavan Prathista; Indarjo, Agus; Helmi, Muhammad
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (246.02 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v2i2.2474

Abstract

resort in the Panjang Beach area. One form of the beach tourism is the beach recreation activities. However, in its efforts to the development of tourism in Panjang Beach needed to be identified and approaches the problems first. The most fundamental and the goal of this research is to conduct a study on the level of suitability and carrying capacity of the Panjang Beach coast primarily for recreational activities. Research carried out by field observations (collecting primary data and secondary data) for 2 months in July 2012 until August 2012 at the Panjang Beach city of Bengkulu, which is divided into seven-point sampling locations from the south up to the north shore. Collecting primary data consist of physics and chemistry sea water data and suitability parameters of beach recreation, such as type of beach, width of the beach, slope of the beach, brightness of sea water, current velocity, water depth, water base material, beach land cover, presence of harmful organism and availability of fresh water. The method used to analyze the results of the research is descriptive method with the help of Tourism Suitability Index analysis and the carrying capacity of Regions that generate value and suitability of the tourist carrying capacity. Based on the results obtained from the calculation of tourism suitability index for coastal recreation activities are mostly above 80%. This indicates that the coastal areas of Bengkulu City, Panjang Beach classified in the category of Highly Suitable (S1) for coastal recreation activities. While the value Capability Area of the Panjang Beach approximately 42.045 people per day.
Tingkat Herbivori Daun Mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Dan Rhizophora mucronata Di Desa Kaliwlingi, Kecamatan Brebes, Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah Widayanti, Eva Widayanti; Soenardjo, Nirwani Soenardjo; Ario, Raden Ario
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (558.592 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v8i1.24321

Abstract

Herbivori pada daun mangrove merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab berkurangnya luasan daun mangrove sehingga daerah fotosintesis menjadi berkurang dan akan mempengaruhi kondisi tanaman mangrove secara keseluruhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui tingkat herbivori daun Avicennia marina dan Rhizophora mucronata berdasarkan spesies, umur daun dan tinggi pohon di Desa Kaliwlingi, Kecamatan Brebes, Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni–Desember 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, sedangkan dalam penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive. Sampel daun dari spesies Avicennia marina dan Rhizophora mucronata diambil dari tiga kategori tinggi tanaman yang berbeda, yaitu: <1 m, 1–<3 m, dan 3–5 m, masing–masing sebanyak 10 pohon sebagai ulangan. Daun dipisahkan berdasarkan umur daun (muda dan tua) dan kondisi daun (utuh dan tua). Total daun yang diambil masing–masing 10% dari setiap pohon. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan rerata nilai setiap spesies, umur daun dan tinggi pohon didapatkan tingkat herbivori pada A. marina yaitu 7,36% kisaran (0,10-29,36%) sampai dengan 13,26% kisaran (0,06-48,46%) sedangkan pada R. mucronata yaitu 5,93% kisaran (0,23-21,59%) sampai dengan 19,69% kisaran (1,10-47,06%).  Herbivory in mangrove leaves is one of the factors causing reduced area of mangrove leaves so that the photosynthetic area becomes reduced and will affect the condition of the mangrove as a whole. The research is aiming to find out the herbivory level of herbivory Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata based on the species, age, and the tree-height in Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes District, Brebes. The research is conducted in June–December 2018. The methodology is descriptive method, while the sample location decided with purposive method. The leaf sample from Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata is taken from three different high-categorized plants there are: <1 m, 1-<3 m and 3–5 m, with 10 trees for each categories as the repetition. The leaf differs based on the ages of leaf (young leaf and old leaf), and the completion of the leaf condition. It takes 10% from each trees in total. The result show the average value of each spesies, age and  the tree-height, it is obtained the herbivory level from A. marina is 7,36% in range (0,10-29,36%) till 13,36% in range (0,06-48,46%) while from R.mucronata is 5,93% in range (0,23-21, 59%) till 19,69% in range (1,10-47,06%).
Studi Akumulasi Logam Tembaga (Cu) dan Efeknya terhadap Struktur Akar Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) Irwan Dedy; Adi Santoso; Irwani Irwani
Journal of Marine Research Vol 2, No 4 (2013) : Journal of Marine Research
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (172.142 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v2i4.3678

Abstract

Copper metal (Cu) is one of the heavy metals that can contaminate the environment, especially water. Cu is a heavy metal which is harmful to human health, but Cu is also needed in our life as trace elements. This study aimed to determine the effect of Cu contaminants with different concentrations on the root structure of the mangrove seedlings Rhizophora mucronata for 30 days of observation. Rhizophora mucronata is taken from Tapak village, Tugu, Semarang, Central Java. The research was carried out from June to August 2012 at the Marine Science Campus of Diponegoro University Semarang. A laboratory experiment research was conducted on the effect of different Cu concentrationt (20, 100 and 500 ppm) and different exposure material (10, 20 and 30 days) on the root structure of mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Root structure using microscopy observations performed at the Laboratory of Plant Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University. The result demonstrated that the root of epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem and phloem had no effect on their structure after exposure to concentration of Cu of 20, 100 and 500 ppm since there were not change on their shape compared to the control.
Pengaruh Penambahan Pupuk Padat dan Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan, Jumlah Klorofil dan Kadar Protein Caulerpa racemosa, J.Agardh, 1873 (Ulvophyceae : Caulerpaceae) Pradhika, Vicky Dimas; Suryono, Suryono; Sedjati, Sri
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (452.447 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v8i3.25269

Abstract

Caulerpa racemosa merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut hijau yang dapat hidup di daerah pasang surutmaupun daerah yang tenang/bebas dari pasang surut. Setiap tahun permintaan C. racemosa di Jepara terus meningkat. Usaha pengembangan budidaya C. racemosa perlu dilakukan supaya penyediaan kebutuhan pasar tidak bergantung pada alam. Upaya peningkatan produksi budidaya dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan nutrien di tambak budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk padat dan cair terhadap pertumbuhan (berat basah, laju pertumbuhan harian) dan kandungan klorofil serta kadar protein rumput laut C. racemosa. Perlakuan yang pada penelitian ini adalahpenambahan pupuk :A (pupuk padat), B (pupuk cair), C (pupuk padat dan cair). Pencapaian berat rata rata rumput laut sebagai berikut: Kontrol= 39,5 ± 6,36 gram; A= 11,5 ± 2,12 gram; B= 18,5 ± 10,6 gram; D= 52,6± 14,19 gram. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik C. racemosa adalah: A= 1,2 ± 0,37%; B= -1,64 ± 0,51%; C= -0,53 ± 0,89%; C= 1,7 ± 0,63%. Kandungan klorofil a C. racemosa pada minggu 6 yaitu: Kontrol= 0,022mg/gram; A=0,015 mg/gram; B= 0,017 mg/gram; C= 0,080 mg/gram. Kandungan klorofil b C. racemosa pada minggu ke 6 yaitu: A= 0,016 mg/gram; B= 0,018 mg/gram; C= 0,013 mg/gram; D=0,026. Kandungan protein sebelum pemberian perlakuan adalah 0,60 % sedangkan setelah diberiperlakuan yaitu: Kontrol= 0,70% ± 0,06; A= 0,75% ± 0,11; B= 0,60% ± 0,10; C= 0,73% ± 0,08. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk padat dan cair berpengaruh nyata pada berat basah dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik C. racemosa (p < 0,01) sedangkan pemberian pupuk tidak bepengaruh nyata pada kandungan klorofil dan kadar protein (p > 0,05).  Caulerpa racemosa is a type of green algae that can live’s in tidal areas and calm / free from tides. Every year the demand for C. racemosa in Jepara is continues to increase. Cultivation of C. racemosa need to be done so the market suply is not dependent only on nature. Efforts to increase culture production can be done by adding nutrients to aquaculture ponds. This study aims to determine the effect of solid and liquid fertilizer on growth (wet weight, daily growth rate), chlorophyll content and protein content of C. racemosa seaweed. Treathments of this study is fertilize additon: A (solid fertilizer), B (liquid fertilizer), C (solid and liquid fertilizer). The average weight of seaweed for 42 days is as follows: Control = 39.5 ± 6.36 grams; A = 11.5 ± 2.12 grams; B = 18.5 ± 10.6 grams; C = 52.6 ± 14.19 grams. Specific growth rates of C. racemosa produced for 42 days is: Control = 1.2 ± 0.37%; A = -1.64 ± 0.51%; B = -0.53 ± 0.89%; C = 1.7 ± 0.63%. C. racemosa’s Chlorophyll a content at week 6 is: Control = 0.022 mg/gram; A = 0.015 mg/gram; B = 0.017 mg/gram; C = 0.080 mg/gram. C. racemosa’s Chlorophyll b content at week 6 is: Control = 0.016 mg/gram; A = 0.018 mg/gram; B = 0.013 mg/gram; C = 0.026 mg/gram. Protein content before administration of treatment is 0.60% while after treatment, is: Control = 0.70% ± 0.06; A = 0.75% ± 0.11; B = 0.60% ± 0.10; C = 0.73% ± 0.08. The results of this study showed, the addition of solid and liquid fertilizers had a significant effect on wet weight and specific growth rate of C. racemosa (p <0.01) while fertilizer application did not significantly affect chlorophyll content and protein content (p> 0.05).
Studi Penempelan Juvenil Karang Pocillopora damicornis Pada Jenis Substrat Kolektor Dan Zona Terumbu Yang Berbeda Di Pulau Panjang, Kabupaten Jepara Kisworo, Hendro; Wijayanti, Diah Permata; Munasik, Munasik
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (263.043 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v1i1.2000

Abstract

Coral reef at Panjang Island is being gradually degraded. At least, the availability of substrates that suitable for coral’s attachment has a great effect to coral abundance. The aim of this research is to know coral juvenile’s recruitment (Pocillopora damicornis) based on the abundance of coral juvenile which attaches on the different location (zone), placement (position), type of substrate, and time of observation. This experimental research was carried out on August-November 2009 at Panjang Island, Jepara. The research uses substrate from Cement Block and Andesite Stone placed on the column and bottom of water at reef flat and reef slope zone. The result shows that coral juvenile abundance rise significantly along with time rising. Abundance of coral juvenile also different between coral zones, P.damicornis juvenile on reef flat zone is more higher (86 colonies founds), than reef slope zone (64 colonies founds). This is because the substrate in reef slope zone was far from adult coral colonies which produce planula, whereas in reef flat zone there was much found adult coral colonies.

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