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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Education,
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Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
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Aktivisme Advokasi Amnesty International dalam Menghilangkan Praktik Perbudakan Modern di Qatar: Studi Kasus “Hidden Crime” dibalik Persiapan Piala Dunia 2022 Dian Hapsari; Ika Riswanti Putranti; Marten Hanura
Journal of International Relations Volume 8, Nomor 3, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The election of Qatar as the host of the 2022 World Cup is enough to seize theattentionof the international community, because this world-class event is notonly the most awaited momentum by football lovers around the world but alsohelp strengthen relations between countries. However, as if escaped from publicview, in fact there is a hidden crime behind the preparation of the event which can be categorized as a form of modern slavery.This was allegedly based on thekafala system, which is a recruitment system for migrant workers that tends to be exploitative and much to the detriment of workers' rights such as low wages orhigh working hours.Thecase was revealedonthebasisofAmnesty International's investigation as an internationalnon-governmental organization engaged inHuman Rights. Through these findings, making the Qatari government as the event facilitator who was considered negligent in fulfilling the protection of laborrights, especially migrant workers, carried out policy reforms and transformation of its labor laws.Thus, Amnesty International's advocacy in influencing the policies and attitudes of the Qatari government can be said to be successful,although not yet comprehensive. This study aims to explain how the influence of Amnesty International is related to changes in Qatar policy in response to modernslavery.To answer the problems and research objectives, this research uses the concept of advocacy, the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), NGOs, and modern slavery with qualitative methods and data collection techniques through literature studies. This research shows that the advocacy carried out by Amnesty International was able to have implications for changing the attitude of the Qatari government in responding to the issue of modern slavery in its country, namely through policy changes regarding migrant workers, which in turn contributed to a number of positive impacts on the standard of living of migrant workers in Qatar.  
Penanganan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan di Denmark di bawah Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) dibalik Tingginya Prevalensi Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan pada tahun 2014 Amanda Alya Sarrah; Marten Hanura
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35030

Abstract

Violence against women is a form of discrimination against women and is regulated under the 1981 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Violence against women is a global issue. It also still occurs in developed countries such as Denmark. In fact, despite the remarkable achievements in the agenda of gender equality in the economic, political and social fields, the prevalence of violence that occurred in 2003 and 2014 was still high. As a binding instrument, CEDAW provides an obligation for the state to comply with and to implement concrete measures in the protection of women. Therefore, the author in this study sought to see how Denmark's compliance forms to fulfill its obligations in dealing with violence against women according to this Convention. This qualitative research uses compliance theory by paying attention to the dynamics and the challenges of handling  violence against women under the Convention. There are several findings in this study. First, although Denmark has implemented significant measures in dealing with violence against women, CEDAW has not been fully implemented by Denmark. Second, the increasing number of immigrants and the financial crisis have affected the success in protecting women. Third, the social and cultural conditions of the community have not completely changed. Therefore, Denmark can be categorized as a high compliance-low effectiveness country.
Militerisasi Perbatasan antara Negara Amerika Serikat dengan Negara Kanada setelah Serangan Teroris 9/11 Fransiscus Primus Hernata; Marten Hanura
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35026

Abstract

Good relations between the United States and Canada can be said as one of the best relations between countries in the world, this is based on several factors such as similar cultural values, shared political interests, intimate diplomatic relations, and strong economic relationship. At first the border between the United States and Canada was a symbol of good and intimate relations between the two countries so that there was no security at all at the border between the two countries, but this has changed since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. This incident has changed the views of the public and policy makers towards terrorist attacks, this incident has changed national assumptions about terrorism, especially those related to domestic security. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, migration has become a topic that can be related to terrorism because terrorists can enter a country through immigration gates for residents of a country. The research was made through the collection of qualitative data, as well as through the concept of securitization. This research analyzes the forms of securitization carried out by the United States after the 9/11 incident. The results of this study are that there are many policy changes on the border between the United States of America and Canada after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, this is proven by the Smart Border Action Plan policy which was signed in December 2001 right after the terrorist attack occurred. signifies the urgency to secure the border between the two countries
Peran Tenaga Kerja Asing China Pada Proyek Smelter di Indonesia Pada Tahun 2018-2021 Qothrunnada Qothrunnada; Reni Windiani; Fendy Eko Wahyudi
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35779

Abstract

One of the national strategy projects being intensified in Indonesia is the smelter project. The smelter project still requires workers from outside, namely Chinese foreign workers. The arrival of Chinese foreign workers to Indonesia has always been a sensitive issue. There are still many people who question the interests of the Chinese foreign workers. This study aims to find out more about the mobility and role of Chinese foreign workers in the PT Halmahera Persada Lygend smelter project. In an effort to answer this research using the concept of Globalization from Jagdish Bhagwati. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of this study show that the qualifications of Chinese foreign workers are indeed considered capable because the smelter project is a strategic project that is still a new thing in Indonesia so that it requires a workforce that is capable and has experience. This job opportunity can be given to anyone but back again to anyone who is ready and has the capability. The author's suggestions for the future can show the transformation of globalization that has occurred in the smelter project.
TROPHY HUNTING: IMPLIKASI PRAKTIK POSTKOLONIALIS TERHADAP TERANCAMNYA EKOLOGI DAN SATWA LIAR DI ZIMBABWE TAHUN 2015 – 2021 Arum Widyastuti
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36303

Abstract

Trophy Hunting is a hunting activity with the aim of obtaining animal carcasses which are used as symbols of the greatness of the hunters. In its continuation, this practice was carried out by Western hunters from both the United States and Europe who introduced it as the most effective conservation tool for Africa instead of controlling the magnificent megafauna within. This is what makes this practice one of the issues that are currently being discussed because it relates to the environment and the lives of animals in Africa, especially Zimbabwe. Therefore, this study will discuss the implications of trophy hunting activities through a postcolonial approach to the ecological damage of wildlife in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, this research will use anthropocentric environmental ethics to reveal the implications of this practice in more detail. This research uses a descriptive analysis approach with sources obtained from literature studies and analyzed using the discourse analysis method. The findings in this study are trophy hunting is a subtle form of control over megafauna in Africa, especially Zimbabwe, which still legalizes this activity. The persistence of Western power has had a negative impact such as disrupted food chains, declining animal populations, stress levels experienced by animals and other impacts that are also felt by the surrounding community.
Perspektif Feminisme Standpoint Pada Perjuangan Perempuan Palestina Terhadap Sikap Diskriminatif Tentara Israel Dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina Yovanka Ayunita Deborah Lasut; Mohamad Rosyidin; Marten Hanura
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35483

Abstract

Awareness of women's rights is very low in Palestine. Most of the Palestinian women have lost their basic rights because of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel's security policies have harmed women including imposing restrictions on free movement, demolition of houses, and carrying out torture during interrogation. this issue creates a feeling of insecurity for Palestinian women. This encourages Palestinian women to carry out resistance movements. Therefore, the author's research aims to find out how the struggle of Palestinian women against the discriminatory actions of the Israeli army by analyzing using standpoint feminism theory and the concept of gender which is in line with women's rights. Based on the results of this study, the authors found a discussion that revealed that the Palestinian women's movement is a response to all forms of discrimination committed against Palestinian women by Israeli soldiers with the aim of liberating Palestine from Israeli rule so that they can regain their rights that have been deprived of them.
Fenomena Penghentian Operasional Holden di Australia Naufal Ridho Maulana; Hermini Susiatiningsih; Muhammad Faizal Alfian
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36141

Abstract

The discontinuation of Holden's operations was caused by the unfriendly policy of the Australian government. The fall of an industrial entity are influenced by the manifestation of the government's interest upon the economy wheel. Australia's national interest in its strategy of international trade oriented towards the energy, minerals and agriculture sector has had dire consequences for Holden. In addition, Australia's commitment to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) for environmentally friendly vehicles has changed the orientation of its national automotive industry. Furthermore, Donald Trump's isolationism policy towards the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) has indirectly killed Holden. This study uses four conceptual frameworks in the form of International Political Economy Theory, the Concept of Government Decision Making on the Market, Free Trade Policy, and the Concept of Government Policy on Industrial Operations. Based on the research that has been carried out, this proves that the political dimension will always affecting an economic entity. The Australian government has legitimized its national automotive industry through a political decision-making process.Keywords: Holden, Manifestation of Interest, International Trade, Government Legitimacy
Upaya Iran Green Movement dalam Menekan Pemerintah Iran untuk Mengimplementasikan Hak Perempuan melalui New Media Nadia Widianti; Reni Windiani; Fendy Eko Wahyudi
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36021

Abstract

Iran Green Movement is one of the historical events in Iranian politics. Starting from the claim of fraud in the 2009 presidential election, but eventually rooted in other problems. One of them is the demands of Iranian women against several policies that were considered discriminatory during the Ahmadinejad administration. To carry out their agenda, the demonstrators of the Iran Green Movement use the existence of new media which is claimed to play a significant role in pressuring the government to implement some of the demands put forward by the community, especially women. This is because the use of new media is easy so it can be accessed by anyone without any interference from the political elite. By using the concept of new media from Everett Rogers, this study discusses the efforts made by the demonstrators through the use of new media as the main tool in the process of running the Iran Green Movement agenda. The result of this study is that new media platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, and the Web play an important role in mobilizing the masses, forming public spaces, gaining massive support, and disseminating information to the public. Although the objectives of the Iran Green Movement agenda were not fully successful, the involvement of the new media had a significant influence and impact on Iranian politics. For further research, it is recommended to discuss about social networking in the involvement of new media in an event
Kerjasama Indonesia-Filipina dalam Menangani Pendanaan Terorisme Berbasis Money Laundering Nelin Dias Pratiwi; Ika Riswanti Putranti; Marten Hanura
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35450

Abstract

Indonesia and the Philippines are two countries in Southeast Asia that have a fairly high terrorist presence. The acts of terrorism that occur cannot be separated from funding as a support for member training and the purchase of weapons (bombs). Funding is usually the result of money laundering, the flow of which must be cut off. Terrorists in Indonesia and the Philippines have close networks, both in terms of financing and purchasing weapons. Therefore, this crime needs to be eradicated through cooperation, considering that this crime is atransnational crime. Preventive efforts carried out by the two countries are cooperation through financial intelligence units, namely the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK) with the Anti Money Laundering Council (AMLC) and cooperation through financial institutions, namely Bank Indonesia (BI) with Banko Sentral Ng Philipinas (BSP). The purpose of this study is to describe the Indonesia-Philippines Cooperation in Handling Terrorism finacing based on Money Laundering. This research is a descriptive type of qualitative research and uses a congruent analysis technique. An international regime is defined as a set of principles or norms. This concept explains that the regime is defined as a set of principles, norms, rules and procedures for making either implicit or explicit. Even though the country is in a state of anarchy, cooperation can still be done. The results of this study are the existence of Cooperation between Indonesia and the Philippines through financial institutions as an anti-money laundering regime, terrorism financing crimes can be prevented and minimized, so that it also has an impact on reducing terrorism crimes. The suggestion for further research is that there is further research that discusses the opportunities and challenges in dealing with terrorism cases in the future, especially in terms of funding.
BACHA POSH : KEJAHATAN KEMANUSIAAN DI DALAM SELIMUT TRADISI DAN KEBUDAYAAN NEGARA AFGHANISTAN Arinta Fridha Pangestika
Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35825

Abstract

ABSTRACT             Sexual harassment, beatings and trafficking of women and children are things that are often faced by women in Afghanistan. Although the Bacha Posh Tradition is not in accordance with the fulfillment of individual rights for women and girls in Afghanistan, this Tradition has later developed into a culture that is inherent in society as the only way for women to gain their freedom and rights regarding education and work. In accordance with the Theory of Cultural Relativity used by researchers in this study, however, the impact that occurs due to the ongoing Bacha Posh Tradition is ultimately ruled out because of the feelings that are inherent in every girl in Afghanistan. The Bacha Posh tradition becomes a responsibility and obligation that girls have to do to help the family's economy and provide much easier access to resources for their families. Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission or AIHRC as an independent human rights enforcement agency in Afghanistan also regrets the attitude and actions taken by the Afghan government with the lack of analysis related to the risks of violations that arise such as violations of Human Rights through the Bacha Posh Tradition. Unfortunately, the return of the Taliban to Afghanistan will bring misery and a much worse life for the Afghan people in the future. Therefore, the researcher tries to explain the impact of what happened to women and girls in Afghanistan related to the implementation of the Bacha Posh Tradition in response to violations that arose in Afghanistan after the Taliban occupation. Researchers also try to provide conclusions related to this. In the end, this tradition becomes a unity in society and merges as a culture that is closely related to the views of Islamic law. The implementation of the Bacha Posh Tradition which is based on a sense of responsibility and its implementation which is used as a form of community jihad in terms of their belief in Islamic law is very clear, making this tradition difficult to separate from Afghan society.  

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