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PENJERNIHAN MINYAK PELUMAS BEKAS DENGAN METODE PENJERAPAN SUATU USAHA PEMANFAATAN KEMBALI MINYAK PELUMAS BEKAS SEBAGAI BASE OIL Johanna Lianna; Yunia Karyati; Herry Santosa
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Used lubricating oil which is fantastic in number is potential to be recycled into base oil to remove contaminants that contained in the lubricating oil. Research carried out is intended to determine the most effective type of adsorbent between coal, activated carbon or silica gel; assess the influence of concentration alkilbenzenesulfonate; as well as the most effective purification media between bentonite and zeolite as an effort in order to purify used lubricating oils. The study was conducted in three stages. First, the preparatory phase consisting of (a) characterization of lubricating oil, (b) reducing the size of various types of adsorbent to obtain the size of 2 to 3.25 mm, (c) activation of silica gel and zeolite, (d) making alkilbenzenesulfonate solution (ABS) on various concentrations. Second, the adsorption step to remove contaminants, for example solid material, metal, and water. The experiments were performed on the type of adsorbent : coal, activated carbon and silica gel. Third, purification stage using the alkilbenzenesulfonate as solvent. The experiments were performed by using solution of alkilbenzenesulfonate at various concentrations as well as purification media such as zeolite and bentonite. At the end of the experiment, tested the results against the percent transmittance, viscosity, viscosity index, and specific gravity. Ttransmittance was tested by using a spectrophotometer with a specification SP-300 OPTIMA at wavelength 680 nm, the viscosity was tested using viskosimeter Ostwald, viscosity index is calculated by comparing the viscosity experimental results with the viscosity of water, while the specific grafity is calculated by comparing the density experimental results with the density of water. To produce refined products that approach the specification of base oil, adsorption process is better done using coal as adsorbent, purification process using pure ABS and the use of zeolite as a medium for purification.

PENGAMBILAN PEKTIN DARI KULIT PEPAYA DENGAN CARA EKSTRKSI Heni Sofiana; Khrista Triaswuri; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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POTENSI JUS JERUK NIPIS (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGKELAT DALAM PROSES PEMURNIAN MINYAK NILAM (PATCHOULI OIL) DENGAN METODE KOMPLEKSOMETRI Arkie Septiana A.; Frans Arienata H.; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Patchouli oil is one of the export commodities that have high economical value for Indonesia. In general, patchouli oil obtained from the hydrodistillation of patchouli leaves. Most industries are still using patchouli oil refiners made of ferrous metal. As this process takes place at high temperatures, water vapor will contain a lot of dissolved oxygen that is corrosive and causes iron to rust easily. The rust will dissolve in patchouli oil obtained and led to the resulting of dark oil and patchouli aroma becomes weaker. This situation led to a lower market price of patchouli oil. One method that can be used to purify is complexometry method with citric acid as the chelating agent. This certainly not familiar to farmers, therefore this study tried to simplify this process by finding a material that easily found by the common people. Orange juice contains citric acid which is enough to be used as a chelating agent, other than that lemon is a fruit that are easy to obtain in the community at abundant and the price is cheap. Therefore lemon juice was chosen as an alternative chelating material. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of operating temperature, concentration of the chelating agent and the stirring time in the chelating process and find out the extent to which lemon juice can be used as a chelating agent. The treatments tested consisted of (1) the concentrations of citric acid, which are 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%; (2) Temperatures operation of the refinery. That are 30oC, 50 oC, and 75 oC, (3) agitation times, namely 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. Assessment of the results of purification is based on clarity, levels of Fe2+, and the content of the main components in patchouli oil refining results. Purification results showed that the increase in temperature causes the formation of complex ions faster to achieve equilibrium. The increase in the concentration of the citric acid led to complex ion formation process more quickly to achieve phase equilibrium. The best concentration was 1% combined with the use of temperature of 75 oC. Refined patchouli oil results have Fe2+ levels as low as 22.731 ppm. Based on the physical traits, the main constituent component content, and the Fe2+ content, refined patchouli oil meets the requirements of the Indonesian National Standards.

PEMBUATAN ASIMETRIK MEMBRAN UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR : PENGARUH WAKTU PENGUAPAN TERHADAP KINERJA MEMBRAN Ardian Dwi Yudhistira; Fajar Budi Iswanto; Tutuk D. Kusworo
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Membrane is the newest technology on water purification. Asymmetric membrane is one type of membrane that has a different pore size between surface (dense layer) and bottom layer. Surface layer has a very thin dense skin layer which use for filter, and bottom layer with a bigger pore size that use for support media. With such a structure, an asymmetric membrane can produce a higher flux than symmetric membrane. In membrane fabrication process, evaporation time becomes important because it can increase flux. Therefore, in this research will be assessed the effect of evaporation time as a variable. The purposes of this research are to make an asymmetric membrane using cellulose acetate polymers, to determine the effect of evaporation time toward morphology structure and membrane performance. Membrane was fabricated by phase inversion method with a variation of evaporation time 10, 15, and 25 second. Membrane composition consist of 23% CA, 5% PEG, and 1% tap water. Membrane was characterized by flux, rejection, and morphology analysis using SEM. Flux and rejection were measured using brackish water as a feed. The result of FTIR test, the membrane consist of the functional group -OH, C=O, CH3 - COOH, C-O-C ether and evaporation time of solvent make a different in absorption of diagnostic peek frequency. The result of SEM analysis, Asymmetric membrane was produced in this research. Membranes with optimum performance was obtained on the composition of 23% CA, 5% PEG, 1% tap water, and 25 second evaporation time with flux 4,465 L.Mˉ².h-1.bar-1, and percent rejection NTU 92%, percent rejection TDS 85%, and percent rejection Ca 81%,

PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN DARI MINYAK KELAPA MURNI (VCO) MELALUI PROSES AMIDASI DENGAN KATALIS NaOH Astri Probowati; Paradigma Carlo Giovanni; Diyono Ikhsan
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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The used of coconut oil of surfactant has several advantages, among others, are renewable resources, cleaner, and more pure than the used of petrochemical-based raw materials. Thus the necessary research to obtain a surfactant that has those criteria. One of the surfactant that meet both criteria is diethanolamide surfactant. The materials used for the manufacture of methyl ester is VCO and methanol with a catalyst H2SO4 while the materials used for the amidation are methyl ester from VCO, and diethanolamine with catalyst NaOH. The tools used in this research are tree neck flask, cooling loop, magnetic stirrer, waterbath, stative and clamps. From the research results obtained at high conversion, namely the mole ratio of methyl ester : diethanolamine 1:2 that is equal to 71,4% and percent weigth of catalyst is 1% with mole ratio 1:1.25 is 70,8%. From this research can be concluded the greater the mole ratio of the reactant and percent weight of the catalyst then the greater the resulting conversion.

PROSES REAKSI GLISEROL DAN ASAM BENZOAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM SULFAT Ari Eko Prasetyo; Anggra Widhi; W. Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Glycerol is by-product of biodiesel making, and therefore requires processing in order to increase its economic value. The products of the glycerol conversion by esterification is commonly used in the food industry, cosmetics industry, polymer industry. This study aims to examine the reaction of glycerol and benzoic acid using sulfuric acid catalyst. Experiments carried out by reacting glycerol and benzoic acid in stirred reactor with a fixed variable Stirrer speed is 200 rpm and the volume of 0.3 ml of sulfuric acid. Temperature variable varies at 60, 65 (0C) and mol ratio between benzoic acid and glycerol varies at 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. Sampling was carried out at regular intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes. Early stages of the experiment is to dissolve benzoate acid in methanol before reaction can be run in liquid-liquid phase. The highest conversion in the experiments was 64.165% in the glycerol and benzoic acid mole ratio of 1:3 with operating temperatures of 600C. While on the operating temperature of 650C is best hasi was 57.176% with a glycerol and benzoic acid mole ratio of 1:3. The optimum time trial at the highest conversion was 30 minutes. The results of FTIR show a similarity test library IR spectra of samples with concentration of glycerol tribenzoat 41,4%.

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Yang Mengandung Minyak Dengan Proses Elektrokoagulasi Dengan Elektroda Besi Agung Prabowo; Gagah Hasan Basrori; P Purwanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract Electrocoagulation is a coagulation method using direct electric current through an electrochemical event. This study aims to determine the possible use of electrocoagulation method as an alternative in wastewater treatment industry. This experiment uses waste oil content with the observed parameter is the change in concentration of organic material (COD. study was conducted on laboratory scale in batch by using a 3 iron plate measuring 3x5 cm 2 as anode and 3 aluminum plates of the same size as the cathode. Variations performed on current density, electrocoagulation time and distance .. Distance electrode plate electrodes used were 2 and 3 cm. Analysis of the samples carried out after the first sample was deposited for 30 minutes. Laboratory analysis refers to the SNI 06-6989.2-2004 for the parameters COD,. The analysis shows that there allowance for the highest percentage COD is 29, 83% occurred at minute 120, 32 A/dm2 current density, with an electrode distance of 2 cm .. In general these experiments show on a laboratory scale in batch conditions, electrocoagulation method effective enough to treat waste compared oil content with conventional coagulation process.

PEMBUATAN NATA BERBAHAN DASAR ALANG-ALANG SECARA FERMENTASI SEBAGAI KAJIAN AWAL PEMBUATAN EDIBLE FILM Agnesia Permatasari; Hafsah Fajrin Aprilianti; Aprilina Purbasari
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Nata is a kind of food fermented by Acetobacter xylinum bacteria, which is forming a gel which floats on the surface of the media or places that contain sugar. Reed plants contain glucose ± 6.8% so it can be used nata. Nata can be harnessed into goods that have a higher economic value, among which are the edible film. Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of concentration of the added starter (Acetobacter xylinum) and influence the level of acidity (pH) in the process of making nata, furthermore nata can be used for manufacture of edible film. Major in this prosedur there are two steps, first fermentation nata and the second is the manufacture of edible main film. Variable in this study are the variation of pH of 3, 4 and 5 and starter concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Optimal result from this study at pH 4 and concentration 30%. This means the addition of 30% of the activity of bacteria Acetobacter xylinum are on optimal conditions in which the starter to the maximum 30% sufficient for the formation of nata. From the results of experiments conducted, the resulting edible film with a thickness of 0.05 mm, tensile strength of 6.635 N/mm2, edible films can be used as food packaging materials with tensile strength values ranged from 2.89 to 27.26 N/mm2 making edible films nata produced from reeds can be used for food packaging materials.

EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN MIKROALGA DALAM MEDIUM POME : VARIASI JENIS MIKROALGA, MEDIUM DAN WAKTU PENAMBAHAN NUTRIENT Muhammad Zaini Mahdi; Yasinta Nikita Titisari; H Hadiyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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POME is a liquid waste produced by crude palm oil industry. POME has not been processed optimally and therefore it is problem for environment due to high level of COD and BOD. Algae is known as bioabsorbent which can neutralize pollutants components in the liquid waste. For its growth, microalgae needs nutrients containing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphor. These nutrients are required for photosynthetic to convert carbon source into biomass. POME contains large amount of C, N, P and therefore this research is aimed to study the potential of POME as medium growth of algae Spirulina, Nannochloropsis, and Chlorella. The experiment was done by performing variation of nutrients, type of water, and time of nutrient feeding. The nutrients were urea and sodium bicarbonate. The steps of experiment were preparing the medium, cultivating the microalgae, observing biomass, counting the algae cells, and making calibration curve. The results showed that the best medium for microalgae is POME, Spirulina could grow better in the POME medium than Chlorella and Nannochloropsis, and nutrients added every 2 days was better than adding nutrients in the beginning and without addition of nutrients.

KINETIKA REAKSI HIDROLISA LMWCS (LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHITOSAN) MENGGUNAKAN ASAM KLORIDA Indrawati Dwi Paramita; Ressa Puspita Dewi; Aji Prasetyaningrum
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Chitosan is a natural carbohydrate biopolymer derived from crustacea exoskeleton animals which have important benefits in the health field. Quality and utilization of chitosan depends on the molecular weight and degree of deacetilation. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of temperature and time on the rate of depolymerization of chitosan from high to low molecular weight, as well as experimental data applied to the modeling of reaction kinetics of hydrolysis of variation LMWCs (Low Molecular Weight Chitosan) desired (+20 kDa). Chitosan hydrolysis process carried out with distilled water to be included in the reactor equipped with stirrer, then heated until it reaches a certain temperature. Once the desired temperature is reached, the chitosan powder introduced into the reactor and followed by the introduction of the catalyst. Hydrolysis process carried out during a certain time (corresponding variable) with stirring and the temperature is kept constant (as variables). After the hydrolysis process is over, done by adding a solution of NaOH neutralization. The solid obtained was then filtered, washed with water and dried. The higher the temperature of hydrolysis, the hydrolysis will take place more rapidly with stirring and the use of a strong acid with a high concentration. The longer of the hydrolysis time (15-120 min) led to a decline in the value of molecular weight (MW) are obtained. Iteration of the experimental data, obtained the value of k1 = 3.145x10-6 and k2 =1.84x10-6.The value of k1 and k2 are used to make the modeling of the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction LMWCs desired variation, so it can be determined the estimated time required to process the hydrolysis of chitosan.

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