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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 77 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012" : 77 Documents clear
PEMBUATAN ASIMETRIK MEMBRAN SELULOSA ASETAT UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR : PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ZAT ADITIF TERHADAP KINERJA MEMBRAN Aprian Indra Wibowo; Ganang Dwi Harjanto; Tutuk D. Kusworo
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Membrane is a thin layer, a barrier between two phases that are semipermeable, and serves as a selective separation media. Asymmetric membrane is a membrane that consists of three layers, they are dense layer, intermediate, and porous substructure. With that structure, asymetric membrane produce higher flux than simetric membrane. In the process of membrane manufacture, the concentration of additives that are added is important because it can affect membrane flux and rejection.. The purposes of this research are make an asymmetric membrane using cellulose acetate polymer and determine the effect of different additives concentration toward morphological structure and membrane performance. Membranes prepared by phase inversion method with a variation of the additive concentration of 2,5%, 3,5%, and 5% wt. Membranes composed of 23% CA and evaporation time used is 25 seconds. Membrane was characterized by flux, rejection, and morphological analysis using SEM. Flux and rejection were measured by brackish water as a feed. The results of FTIR analysis showed the larger absorption peaks indicates that the increasing concentrations of PEG addition make the PEG molecular weight and the unit re-CH2-CH2O- greater. The results of SEM analysis showed all the membranes that are formed has an asymmetric structure consisting of a thin fine porous structure selective barrier and sub​​-structure of the porous layer is thicker. With the presence of increasing concentrations of poly ethylene glycol, a membrane pore formed more dense. The composition of membrane showing optimal performance are 23% CA, 5% PEG, and 25 second evaporation time with flux 16,741 L.mˉ².h-1, NTU rejection 89%, TDS rejection 80%, and Ca rejection 83%.
MODIFIKASI TAPIOKA DENGAN KOMBINASI PROSES HIDROLISA ASAM LAKTAT DAN OKSIDASI HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA KEMBANG Devi Marietta Siregar; Desti Permata Sari; Siswo Sumardiono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest wheat importer. Wheat is consumed by most of Indonesian. Nowadays, the government is trying to find alternative material to substitute wheat with local material named cassava. Cassava is chosen because it has good potential to be developed in Indonesia. Native starch requires long time in reacting and cooking. Hence, the native starch with high purity can be readily modified by physical, chemical and enzyme process to many diversified products to improve the starch functionality and, consequently, encourage more industrial application. On this research, cassava starch modification is produced by combination lactic acid hydrolysis and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide. The results of this research are expected to be a food innovation in small and medium industries.The conclusion that we get is combination lactic acid hydrolysis and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide can increase the expansion of starch. The highest values for the sum of carbonyl dan carboxyl occured at pH 5, hydrogen peroxide concentration 2 %, temperature 40oC, and baking expansion 3,03 cm3/gr. The condition of oxidation that presented the carbonyl and carboxyl content of starch similar to the sun-dried cassava starch. The oxidation with H2O2 provides after hydrolisis cassava starch and produces more homogenous product. Optimal composition of the use of tapioca starch modification bread is 25% of modified tapioca and 75% of wheat flour which has baking expansion 3,03 cm3/gr.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL HASIL HIDROLISA BONGGOL PISANG DENGAN FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN SACCAROMYCESS CEREVICEAE Nurjati Solikhin; Arum Sakti Prasetyo; Luqman Buchori
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Ethanol (C2H5OH) is the liquid from the fermentation of sugars from carbohydrate sources using the help of microorganisms. Bioethanol can also be interpreted as a chemical that is produced from foodstuffs containing starch, such as cassava, sweet potato, corn, and sago.This study was conducted to obtain bioethanol from banana weevil in acid hydrolysis of microbial fermentation and using Saccaromyces cereviceae. In this study using a variable that is fixed for the hydrolysis temperature of 80°C and a concentration of 0.1 N HCl and for fermentation pH:5, temperature: 30°C (room temperature), by microbial Saccaromyces cereviceae. As for the variable change is the addition of starter (4%, 6%, 8% starter) and fermentation time (1 day, 2 day, 3 day,   4 days, 5 days). In this study obtained results that the addition of starter and long variables derived fermentation ethanol content is highest at 4% starter, fermentation 4 days ie 10.03% v / v, for starters 6%, 4 days of fermentation that is 11.19% v/v, and 8% for the starter, fermentation of 5 days ie 12.20% v / v. While the levels of total (ml ethanol / kg of banana weevil) is highest in the addition of starter 8% and 5 days is a long fermentation 912.9003 (ml ethanol / kg of banana weevil). In this fermentation using banana weevil substrate with a water content of 22.25% and glucose levels after hydrolyzed is 13.56%.
EKSTRAKSI DAN ANALISIS ZAT WARNA BIRU (Anthosianin) DARI BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria Ternatea) SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI Ana Zussiva; Bertha Karina Lauren; C. Sri Budiyati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Needs of dyes in the food processing industry is increasing. In Indonesia a potential source of color-producing pigments derived from natural sources like flowers is still not fully utilized because of the process are still traditional. Blue natural dyes is hard to derived. Telang flower (Clitoria ternatea) is one source of blue pigment or usually called as anthocyanins. Anthocyanin are the pigments of the flavonoid group of water-soluble, colored red to blue and is widespread in plants. Mainly found in fruits and flowers, but also found on the leaves.The purpose of this study was to study the effect of solute-solvent ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature on the absorbance value (wavelength) extract, knowing the operating conditions (ratio of solute-solvent, temperature and time) extraction of the dye produced, as well as studying the effect of pH and storage conditions on stability of the dye. The research was conducted through three steps; extraction of anthocyanins from flowers Telang, spectrophotometry test, and concentration with the membrane. This study uses a variable solute-solvent ratio of 15/500, 15/550, 15/600, 15/650 and extraction temperature 30,40,50,60, and 70 oC. Both of these data can be used to deduce the best extraction conditions. Besides the stability test data be obtained from measurements made with the absorbance value of storage at temperatures 30oC, and 10 ° C; storage at pH 2,3,4,5; storage exposed to light, and in a dark room.                           . Based on research conducted, optimal extraction process is done by comparison of flower and water telang 15:500, at a temperature of 60oC. The concentration of anthocyanin in the flower extract telang is 6.35 mg / L. Optimum storage conditions are in pH 2-4, temperature 10 ° C, and protected from light exposure. The use of solvents above 500 ml of solvent resulted in excess so it will not be able to dissolve more anthocyanin and the extraction condition above 70oC causes the degradation of anthocyanins, both of these things lead to lower absorbance values.
PEMBUATAN UREA PELEPASAN TERKENDALI MELALUI PELAPISAN DENGAN AMILUM MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI FLUIDIZED BED SPRAY Khair Ivanky; Rizki Tri Wahyudi; S Suherman
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest consumer of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the use of fertilizers has been inefficient because 20-70% content of nitrogenin fertilizers quickly dissolvein water. Therefore, the necessary coating urea with polymer to improve the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen absorbed so much more. One way to improve the efficiency of urea fertilizer is urea coated with the coating material known as Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) which is a nitrogen-controlled components. Coating of urea has been widely studied by many researchers, such as urea to the polymer coating is carried out by Liu(2008). The polymers used inthis study is Poly vinyl Alcohol and starch which serves as an adhesive in a coating solution. The range of temperatures used ranged from 350C-500C, the concentration of starch are used10% -50% by weight of coating, and PEG as additives. The tools used are fludized bed as a medium spray to coat and dry urea. The results showed that the higher the operating temperature of the coating efficiency decreases, the dissolution rate decreases and the decrease dustiness. The higher the concentration of coating then the coating efficiency is increased, decreased dissolution rate and increasing dustiness. Microscopy analysis of morphology structure as coated urea particle by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) show there is obtained two layers.
RECOVERY GARAM LITHIUM PADA AIR TUA (BITTERN) DENGAN METODE PRESIPITASI Risa Devina Manao; Ronald Alfianto; S Sumarno
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Lithium, a silvery metal, is widely used in various industrial applications, such as the anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. The content of lithium in bittern has the potential to be recovered in the form of LiH(AlO2)2.5H2O by precipitation method. The purposes of this study were to recover the lithium from bittern by precipitation method and determined the influence of precipitating agent concentration, pH, and reaction time on the percentage of the lithium recovery. The study was conducted with variation of the concentration of precipitating solution NaAlO2 250, 500, 750, mg/L Al3+, pH 11, 12, 13, and the reaction time of 1, 2, 3 hours. The response was the percent recovery of lithium in the bittern. The study was performed by mixing 250 ml of bittern and precipitating agent NaAlO2 according to variables in a stirred reactor. The pH solution was adjusted by the addition of NaOH and the solution was stirred for a predetermined time. The precipitate that formed was filtered, washed with distilled water and dissolved with HF 0.25 N. Lithium content in the solution was determined by the gravimetric method. The result showed that concentration of NaAlO2 as precipitating agent, pH, and reaction time gave significant influence on the percentage of the recovery lithium in bittern. The optimum conditions were obtained in the concentration of precipitating NaAlO2 500 mg/L Al3+, pH 13, and a reaction time of 3 hours, which produced 0.11 g of ion Li+ and 96.875% lithium recovery.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BIOCHAR LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN PESTISIDA PADA INKUBASI TANAH INCEPTISOL UNTUK MENEKAN EMISI GAS METANA (CH4) SEBAGAI GAS RUMAH KACA Winda Prihantarawati Cahayaningtyas; Indro Sumantri
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Methane (CH4) is one of the gases that cause global warming, which ranks second only to carbon dioxide (CO2).Naturally, peat lands, wetlands, and sediments in coastal areas are major source of methane gas in the atmosphere (Hardy, 2003). The use of biochar as a companion or replacement for pesticides in agricultural system can increase crop productivity and reduce the emission of methane (CH4) significantly. The research method used is an incubation inceptisol soil. Variables that were varied were the addition of agricultural waste biochar (without biochar, rice husks biochar and corn cobs biochar) and the addition of several types of pesticides like organophosphate insecticides, carbamate insecticides, pyrethroid insecticides, paraquat herbicides and bio-insecticides. The analysis of methane emissions by Gas Chromatography (GC), analysis of degree acidity (pH) using pH-meter and analysis of the number of bacteria at the end of the incubation period using Standard Plate Count (SPC). In the analysis of total methane emissions, the addition of rice husk biochar and without the addition of pesticides (P0B1) to the treatment, produced the largest emissions of methane (CH4) to 4.494 mg CH4/g soil (increase 348.7% ), and the treatment given to the addition of pyrethroid insecticides and rice husk biochar (P3B1) produced the lowest emissions at 0.011 mg CH4/g soil (reduce 98.9%). This incubation process takes place in the pH range 5.2 to 6.7. The population of bacteria in the end incubation, P3B2 treatment (addition of pyrethroid pesticides and biochar corn cobs) has largest population of bacteria which is equal to 4.2 x 108 the bacteria/mL, whereas the P2B1 treatment (addition of carbamate pesticides and rice husk biochar) has lowest population of bacteria about 3.5 x 106 bacteria / mL.
PEMBUATAN UREA PELEPASAN LEPAS LAMBAT MELALUI PELAPISAN DENGAN AMILUM-ACRYLIC Margie Agami Haq; Septiana Triwiningsih; S Suherman
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The controlled release technology by coating for increasing the efficiency of fertilizer can reduce fertilizer’s losses and minimize environmental pollution. Starch mixed with acrylic acid, PEG and water were used as coating solution. The coating process of granular urea was conducted in fluid bed spray coater. The influence of bed temperature, and concentration of starch on properties of coated urea product was investigated. Microscopic analysis by SEM shows the formation of a thin layer on the surface of coated urea product that has a different morphology, more compact, and any irregularities of the crystal. The dissolution rate of the product decraesed with increasing concentration of starch and decreasing bed temperature. The percent coating of the product increased with increasing concentration of starch and decreasing bed temperature. The dustiness of the product increased with increasing starch concentration and bed temperature.
APLIKASI METODE FOAM- MAT DRYING PADA PROSES PENGERINGAN SPIRULINA Nurul Asiah; Rangkum Sembodo; Aji Prasetyaningum
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Spirulina is a microalgae fine plant (Cyanobacteria) single celled, blue green colored, spiral typed growed in warmwater around the world. Spirulina have many Phytonutrient (Beta-carotene, Chlorophyl, Xanthophyl, Phyocianin, etc)functioned as anti-carcinogen (Tri Panji & Suharyanto, 2001). Drying process usually use high cost drying tools(freeze dryer, spray dryer, roller dryer, or dehumidifier). Drying with the foam type faster the water evaporationprocess in a low temperature that is not destroyed the cell system, so the nutrition value is save (Kumalaningsih, etc,2005). In general, this research done to compare two drying method, there are: non foam-mat drying method and withfoam-mat drying method that show the optimum drying process condition to get the high quality of spirulina dryingproduct and the high efficiency process too. The result of the research show that the foam-mat drying method give thebetter drying rate compared with non foam-mat drying process. The sample with the foam agent composition (eggwhite) 2,5% and the foam stabilizer (metil celulose) 0,5% give the highest drying rate compare with the others. Thehighest average rate showed the sample with the thickness 1mm, which is 0,632 g H2O steamed per second.. Based onconsideration of product quality and drying process efficiency, drying temperature is relatively good to the applicationof foam-mat drying in spirulina is 60oC. The result of beta-carotene test show that the quality of dry product with foammatdrying method still on the dry product quality standard in the market, that is 149,025 mg/ 100 g. The data obtainedfrom the research be expected become the reference in the equipment design of the spirulina drying process andbecome the solution of cheap, efficient, and effective drying method, without decrease the nutrition value of thematerial.
PENGERINGAN BUNGA ROSELLA (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA) MENGGUNAKAN PENGERING RAK UDARA RESIRKULASI Oki Yuariski; S. Suherman
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) is one of the plants, including ornamental plants and herbs that are beneficial to prevent cancer, control blood pressure, blood circulation, and launched a bowel movement. Parts of this plant can be processed into useful products is Rosella flower petals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective temperature and tray dryers which are effective for drying petals Rosella using recirculated tray dryer. These experiments used a temperature of 40, 50, and 600C as well as the location of the variable change tray into 1,2,3,4, 5 as a place to put Rosella flower petals. In this experiment, the drying rate constant (Constant Drying Rate) is not obtained, the obtained rate is falling rate. From the experimental results show that the greater the temperature, the greater the drying rate, so the time for the drying process is also faster. For the variable tray, Rosella flower petals are placed on tray 4 and 5 dry faster than those placed on the tray 1, 2, and 3.

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