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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 77 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012" : 77 Documents clear
PEMBUATAN BIODESEL DARI BERMACAM MINYAK GORENG BEKAS DENGAN PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI Alik Kandhita Febriani; Arie Nurmala Dewi
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Today, Biodiesel attracts the Scientists to do further research, because Biodiesel can be used as a substitute for fossil fuel. Biodiesel can be made from various type of plant oils. In this research the authors choses palm oil that has been used for the purpose of utilizing the waste. Waste palm oil is classified into two types: one-time used of cooking oil and several times used. Stages of the manufacture of Biodiesel from waste palm oil is FFA (Free Fatty Acid) decreasing by esterification and the second process is the transesterification. After passing through two stages of the process, followed by calculating the weight percent of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) by GC (Gas Chromatography) analysis. The result is 80,58% for one time use palm oil with component that are suspected as methyl ester is 47,40%, while several times-used palm oil has 89,67% weigh percent of FAME with component that are suspected as methyl ester is 53,46%, so the several times-used palm oil produces methyl ester yield more than one time-used palm oil. From the result of  the preliminary analysis, it continues to the next analysis, those are physical analysis (density, viscosity) and chemical analysis (acid number, saponification number). This analysis is done in 16 times runs with the variables, methanol : palm oil weight ratios are 0,75:1; 1,56:1; 2,34:1 dan 3,13:1, and time of transesterification are 60, 70, 80, and 90 minutes. From the analysis results, the best result is 12th run with 1 : 2,34 methanol : oil ratio and 90 minutes transesterification. It has 0,87 gr/ml of density, 2,24 cst of viscosity, 0,26 mg KOH/gr of acid number, and 336 mg KOH/gr of saponification number.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR LABORATORIUM MIKROBIOLOGI INDUSTRI MENGGUNAKAN LUMPUR AKTIF AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK Ayunda Nuradhisthana; Dyah Wirasanti; Agus Hadiyarto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Industrial Microbiology Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Diponegoro University periodically produces organic wastewater with 2000-6000 mg/L of CODMn, which is discarded without any processing. This study aims to treat wastewater in order to reduce the organic content, by using biochemical process; aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge process. The spesific purpose of this research was to determine the effect of degradation time on the reduction of CODMn of wastewater on aerobic and anaerobic treatment process, investigate the effect of MLSS concentration on reduction of CODMn on wastewater, and also find out the efficiency of CODMn reduction of wastewater in aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. This research is consisted of two processes: activated sludge seeding and aerobic/anaerobic wastewater treatment. The free variables used are MLSS of 1000 mg/L and 4000 mg/L. If the wastewater of Industrial Microbiology Laboratory is treated aerobically with 4000 mg/L MLSS could reduce the CODMn concentrations by 56% within 7 hours, following the modeling equation of .While if it is treated anaerobicall with 4000 mg/L MLSS could reduce the CODMn concentrations by 90,9% within 10 days, following the modeling equation of ,with constant CODMn up to 34th hour. In 4000 mg/L MLSS, the CODMn reduction is greater than in 1000 mg/L MLSS. The aerobic activated sludge process is more suited to treat the wastewater of Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, with CODMn reduction 56% within 7 hours for 4000 mg/L MLSS.
PEMBUATAN KECAP DARI IKAN GABUS SECARA HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS MENGUNAKAN SARI NANAS Maulana Nur Prasetyo; Nirmala Sari; C. Sri Budiyati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

One of the effort to increase added value in fish with low economic value and increase the shelf life of fish nutrition is to produce a fish sauce. For that purpose, it has been studied the process of making fish sauce from snakehead fish meat  (Ophiocephalus striatus or Channa striata) by using enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the hydrolysis process is done by adding pineapple juice which containing bromelain enzymes into chopped snakehead fish meat with the concentration of 6, 8, and 10% (w / w). The addition of salt (NaCl) as a preservative to the mixture of cork fish and pineapple juice as much as 3%, 5%, and 7% (w / w). Enzymatic hydrolysis process carried out for 1, 2, and 3 days old and anaerobic incubation in room temperature. Analysis was performed on the fish sauce products that include protein concentration levels in products and analysis of the number of microbes on the product. The results showed that the optimum fish sauce can be produced from snakehead fish with pineapple juice which contains bromelain enzymes as much as 10% at 3 days hydrolysis time and the addition of 5% NaCl. The number of microbes is seen at least on the product with the addition of 7% NaCl, 1 day of hydrolysis and 6% pineapple juice (4 x 102).
PENGAMBILAN ZAT WARNA ALAMI DARI KAYU NANGKA Dany Eka Parasetia; R Ritaningsih; P Purwanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Textile dyes are divided into two, namely natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Natural dyes derived fromanimals and plants while the synthesis of dyes can be produced from these chemicals. Jackfruit plants is one type ofplant that can be utilized as a source of natural dyes for textiles by the wood extract. Manufacture of dyes from thejackfruit wood performed by the method of continue extractionoe with a soxhlet.Extraction results in the ratio 1: 15 that is the longer the extraction time the higher the yield obtained. Theoptimum time for extraction is 5 hours with a yield of 2.62% obtained for wood powder and shavings in 1:31% forwater content in the material 10%. While on the water content of 50% results in a material obtained by extraction of2.08% for wood powder and 1.08% for the shavings. In the ratio 1: 10 gained 1.68% yield for wood powder andshavings to 0.94% for water content in the material 10%. While on the water content of 50% results in a material is1.43% to 0.89% sawdust and shavings for.A very influential variable is the size of material and moisture content in the material. In the extraction ofdyes, solvents with a ratio of 1:15, the water content of 10% and the size of 100 mesh material produced the greatestyield of 2.62% obtained by linear regression is Y = 1.328 + 0256 x with a percent error of 0.16%.In the test fabric made with two methods ie with loundrymeter method for washing and methods crockmeterfor the desecration. Results of analysis of the fabric that has been colored later in the match with a grayscale andstainning scale.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS GABAH DENGAN PROSES PENGERINGAN MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT ALAM PADA UNGGUN TERFLUIDISASI Rohmat Figiarto; Sheila Luvi Galvani; M. Djaeni
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

One of problem in paddy production in Indonesia is at paddy grain drying process. This far, farmers in indonesia are very dependent on sun rays to dry their paddy grain, therefore, when the rain season comes, they find it hard to dry it. Also, the quality of sun drying is considered low. The goals of this research are to dry paddy grain in fluidized bed using natural zeolite to make drying process faster, to obtain the effect of operation condition to drying process, and to obtain the effect of operation condition to paddy quality. the  condition operation in this research are air temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60C), air velocity (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 m/s),  and rasio of paddy grain to zeolite (0%, 20, 40, 60% zeolite).  this research are done by drying paddy grain in fluidized bed  in certain time until the moisture content of paddy grain  is 12 - 14%. The result of this research are as follow: at 30C Nc = 0.0054, at 60C Nc = 0.012. air velocity at 1.5 m/s  Nc = 0.0071, where at 3 m/s Nc = 0.0115. Non zeolit variable  Nc = 0.0051, where at 60% zeolite, Nc = 0.0068. From these data, we can conclude that as the air temperature, air velocity and %w zeolite increase, the drying rate will increase therefore drying process takes shorter time. The best quality of dry paddy grain is produced when the air temperature is 40C. The increasity of air velocity %w zeolite can improved the quality of paddy grain.
PAKAN APUNG ARTIFASIAL UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE PENGARUH PENGAPUNGAN PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN LELE DENGAN METODE PENGUKURAN FCR (FEED CONVERSION RATIO) Rizal Isnain Muttaqin; Djoko Murwono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Catfish is a fish that consumed by many people in Indonesia, a relatively high nutrient content and relativelyinexpensive price of catfish are the reasons why catfish become people's choice. Thus, the need of catfish growscontinuosly in every area, it is directly proportional to the increasing demand for catfish feed. To improve the qualityof livestock products, especially catfish fishing, artificial floating feed manufacturing is an option that is expected tohelp the government to solve the problem. In this research will be carried out experiments to obtain the ideal feedcomposition as a reference artificial floating feed making. Variable composition of fine bran in this study is 20%,22%, 24%, 26%, and 28%. While the observation of weight gain of catfish by the method of FCR (Feed ConversionRatio) is done by a basket of catfish weighed in at once and then taken catfish weight average rating, catfishweighing performed at the age of multiples of 7 days to harvest. As for the observation that the amount of feedconsumed was also done weekly until it is possible catfish ready for harvest. Data obtained results is that thecomposition in the manufacture of ideal artificial feed is 24% fine bran, 40% fish meal (chicken feather meal) and36% starch. Of this composition, artificial floating feed is able to float for 15 minutes. Economic analysis of the dataobtained that the use of a combination of artificial feed and feed from the company with NAIC is more profitablethan the use of feed from the company entirely without the NAIC is gained 21.7%. But for the future, farmers areadvised to use catfish artificial feed entirely due to the benefits which can be increased to 35.8%.
PRODUKSI ENZIM INVERTASE OLEH SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE MENGGUNAKAN SUBSTRAT GULA DENGAN SISTEM FERMENTASI CAIR Argadenta Adi Prabawa; Emil Hanityo Utomo; A. Abdullah
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Sugar is one of simple carbohydrates that act as source of primary energy and  popular commodity trading. Sugar most widely traded in the form of crystalline solid sucrose. The addition of sucrose in the media serves as a carbon source. The purpose of this study was to produce the invertase enzyme, Assessing the impact of substrate concentration and nitrogen source on the production of invertase, and establish optimum conditions for production of the invertase enzyme. In this study the method used is a liquid fermentation systems. Research carried out in erlenmeyer with fixed variables, among other nutrients in the media (MgSO4.7H2O KH2PO4 0.5 mg and 2.3 mg), fermentation temperature of 30oC, fermentation pH 4.5 and within 48 hours and media were incubated in an incubator Secker . The variables changed in this study is the concentration of sucrose, among others, 100; 125; and 150 g / L and the concentration of N sources, including 2.6; 3.2, and 3.8 g / L. The results of fermentation was separated  by centrifugation to obtain the invertase enzyme, then the protein levels were analyzed by the Lowry’s method and enzyme activity were tested using the method of DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid). The experimental results showed that sugar substrates can be used to produce the invertase enzyme by Saccharomyces cerevieae with protein levels of 5.309 mg / L and the resulting enzyme activity 0.05916 mmol / L.minute. The most optimum enzyme activity is achieved at a concentration of sucrose and nitrogen sources are sufficient (125 g / L and 3.2 g / L).
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH IKAN NILA SEBAGAI FISHBONE HYDROXYAPATITE PADA PROSES ADSORPSI LOGAM BERAT KROM PADA LIMBAH CAIR Gita Lokapuspita; Mirza Hayati; P Purwanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The contaminant substance such as heavy metal is a serious environmental problem because its toxicity and nondegredable characteristic neither in biological or chemical way. Chrom (Cr) is one of the pollutant in a liquid waste that poisionous. Hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) is a phospat crystal from calcium which has a hydroxyl ion and great capability as an ion exchanger and heavy metal adsorber. Fishbone hydroxyapatite is the natural hydroxyapatite from fishbone. This research investigates the fishbone hydroxyapatite adsorption capacity of the chrom (Cr3+) in  a laboratory study. The fishbone of nila burnt in a high temperature; 3000C and 6000C then grained and strained on 200 mesh measurement. The adsorption capacity of each fishbone hydroxyapatite, then be compared. The Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm equation Freundlinch’s adsorption isotherm equation can be used to get the characteristic and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr3+. The difference of heat temperature influence the adsorption characteristic, adsorption power and adsorption capacity. At 300oC, the maximum adsorption Cr3+ capacity is 4,393 mg/gr and at 600oC, the maximum adsorption Cr3+ capacity is 5,540 mg/gr.
PEMANFAATAN ILES-ILES (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCOPHYLUS)SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGENYAL PADA PEMBUATAN TAHU Citra Perdani Utami; Sukma Ayu Fitrianingrum; Kristinah Haryani
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Ussually, boraks is used in the process of making tofu, thouhg it has many disadvantages for the body. That’s why, an alternative must be found to replace boraks. Iles-iles which has high content of glukomanan is used to replace boraks.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding iles-iles of elasticity know, on nutrition knows, and knows the storage time with the addition of iles-iles. In this study, the material needed is soybeans, iles-iles, distilled water and CaO. That has been boiled soy blend to a temperature of 900C. After that, soy milk is filtered and mixed with tubers iles-iles that have been boiled and dilaluskan. CaO was added to adjust pH. Know who has been so analyzed for levels of protein, crude fiber, as well as the resilience and durability.From the analysis of proteins, can be compared to know the normal levels of protein levels of the protein out with the addition of iles-iles higher protein damage due to borax in regular knows. For the analysis of fiber, protein levels of crude fiber in the plus-iles iles higher because of the iles-iles contain lots of fiber. Elasticity know the iles-iles lower than usual idea, because borax is more rubbery. Know that contain glucomannan seawet not know which contain borax.Conclusions obtained from this study, out with the addition of iles-iles had higher levels of nutrients that knows more than the usual. However, elasticity and durability of iles-iles out with less than know with borax, because iles-iles has a lot of water content
KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM DARI PATI GANYONG (Canna edulis Kerr.) BERANTIMIKROBA Iqbal Syaichurrozi; Netty Handayani; Dyah Hesti Wardhani
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Edible films are thin layers that can maintain the quality of food products, are edible and environment friendly. Additives such as antimicrobial are added to improve the quality of edible films in handling food product. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of antimicrobial substances of characteristics of edible films from canna starch. The films prepared from 2% w/v of canna starch and 1% v/v (solution basis) of sorbitol. Garlic powder and turmeric powder were used as antimicrobial at 0.01% w/v solution concentration. Moisture content, thickness, the percentage elongation and tensile strength were determined. Antimicrobial testing performed using agar diffusion method and observed for the zone of inhibition growth of E.coli. The results show the control edible film has 18.72% of a moisture content, 0.08 mm of film thickness, 2.75 N/mm2 of tensile strength and 37.78 % percentage of elongation. The addition of the antimicrobial substances decreased the water content, the percentage of elongation and the tensile strength but increased the thickness. Antimicrobial testing showed that the addition of benzoic acid in the film were unable to inhibit the growth of E.coli.

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