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All Journal JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Reaktor International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE) International Journal of Renewable Energy Development TEKNIK JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Fakultas Teknik Agrointek Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan Majalah Ilmiah MOMENTUM Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Communications in Science and Technology Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia JURNAL PANGAN Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Jurnal Pasopati : Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Inovasi Pengembangan Teknologi Jurnal Profesi Insinyur Indonesia Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
M. Djaeni
Department Of Chemical Engineering ; Faculty Of Engineering; Diponegoro University Jl Prof H. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang Semarang, Indonesia Phone: +62247460058; Facs: +62247460055
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Perubahan Kualitas Beras Selama Penyimpanan (Change of Rice Quality During Storage) Ratnawati, Ratnawati; Djaeni, Mohamad; Hartono, Damin
JURNAL PANGAN Vol 22, No 3 (2013): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (179.892 KB) | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v22i3.89

Abstract

Penyimpanan merupakan tahap yang menentukan dalam menjamin ketersediaan beras berkualitas. Selama penyimpanan, beras mengalami penyusutan kualitas dan kuantitas yang disebabkan oleh perubahan fisik, kimia, dan biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perubahan kualitas beras selama penyimpanan. Aspek yang diamati adalah kadar air, butir kepala, menir, patah, dan kuning, serta water uptake dan pertumbuhan kutu beras (Sitophilus oryzae). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tiga jenis beras, yaitu yang mendekati SNI Mutu III (jenis A) dan IV (jenis B), serta yang tidak memenuhi standar SNI (jenis C). Beras ditempatkan dalam karung plastik berisi 15 kg dan disimpan pada keadaan ambient (temperatur 29–32°C dan kelembaban 65–95 persen). Kualitas beras diamati setiap 15 hari, sedangkan pertumbuhan kutu diamati setiap minggu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar air beras jenis A dan B, dengan nilai awal < 13,5 persen, mengalami kenaikan 0,03 persen/hari sampai mendekati 14,5 persen, sementara jenis C, dengan kadar air awal 15,5 persen, relatif konstan. Beras berkadar air > 14 persen mengalami degradasi akibat reaksi Maillard dan penjamuran yang mengakibatkan warna kuning, penurunan water uptake, serta meningkatnya butir patah dan menir. Selain itu, populasi kutu meningkat dengan kecepatan 3 ekor/100g beras/minggu. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar air beras yang disimpan harus < 14 persen, dan kelembaban udara di unit penyimpan harus dijaga serendah mungkin (< 65 persen).Storage is a crucial stage in ensuring the availability of quality rice. During storage, rice quality and quantity decrease as a cause of changes in physical, chemical, and biological processes. This study is aimed to observe the changesb of rice quality during storage. The quality components measured are moisture content, whole kernel, broken kernel, chips, yellow kernel, water uptake, and the growth of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). Three types of rice are used, namely that meet SNI Quality III (type A) and IV (type B), and that does not meet SNI standard (type C). The rice is placed in plastic bags with 15 kg of rice in each bag and stored at ambient conditions (29–32°C and relative humidity of 65–95 percent). Quality of the rice is observed every 15 days, while the growth of weevil is observed every week. The results show that moisture content of rice types A and B, with initial value < 13.5 percent, increases with a rate of 0.03 percent/day, while type C, with initial moisture content of 15.5 percent, is relatively constant. The increase of moisture content causes the rice to be degraded due to the Maillard reaction and mould that yield yellowing, decrease of water uptake, and increase of broken kernel as well as chips. It is also observed that the number of weevil increases during storage with the growth rate of 3 weevils/100g of rice/week. The conclusion of this research is that the initial moisture content of rice to be stored should be < 14 percent, and the humidity of the air in storage room must be kept as low as possible (< 65 percent). 
Perbaikan Proses Produksi Antosianin dari Kelopak Bunga Rosella dengan Ekstraksi Berbantuan Ultrasound Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan; Djaeni, Mohamad
TEKNIK Vol 40, No. 2 (2019): Agustus 2019
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (529.416 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v39i3.23258

Abstract

Kelopak bunga rosella mengandung senyawa bioaktif diantaranya Antosianin. Kelopak bunga rosella mempunyai pigmen berwarna ungu yang berpotensi sebagai zat pewarna alami untuk menggantikan pewarna sintetis Violet GB. Pigmen warna ungu ini berasal dari senyawa antosianin. Namun senyawa antosianin ini mudah terdegradasi pada temperatur diatas 70°C, sehingga diperlukan metode ekstraksi yang tepat pada kondisi optimum. Metode yang digunakan yaitu ekstraksi dengan bantuan gelombang ultrasonik (Ultrasound Assisted Extraction) dan dioptimasi menggunakan software Design Expert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum ekstraksi pada waktu ekstraksi 15 menit, rasio sampel dan pelarut 15 gr/ml dan temperatur ekstraksi 50°C dengan kadar antosianin sebesar 206,996 ppm
Peningkatan Kecepatan Proses dan Mutu Minyak Bekatul melalui Proses Ekstraksi Berbantukan Ultrasonik Djaeni, Mohamad; Listyadevi, Yuniar Luthfia
TEKNIK Vol 40, No. 1 (2019): Mei 2019
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (697.703 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v39i3.22826

Abstract

Rice bran oil is one of the oils that has been widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries considering the high essential content such as antioxidants, vitamins that are good for the body. Extraction of ultrasonic assisted bran oil is one of many method used to reduce extraction time. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of extraction methods on mass transfer of bran oil, antioxidant quality, and the quality of bran oil during the extraction process at the temperature, extraction time, and the right solvent ratio. Mass transfer of bran oil was evaluated based on the effect of various temperatures, extraction times, and solvent ratios to predict the right tim e to get a lot of bran oil. Chemical quality (antioxidant content of α-tocopherol) and physical quality (oil color) of bran oil were studied so that they were able to predict temperature, extraction time, and relatively good solvent ratio. The results showed that yield increased with increasing temperature and extraction time. However the antioxidant value of α-tocopherol will decrease with increasing temperature, extraction time and solvent. The recommended operating conditions for obtaining yields and antioxidant values at 40ºC, material to solvent ratio 1: 5 and extraction time for 51 minutes.
PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN PROSES PENGERINGAN KARAGINAN MENGGUNAKAN PENGERING ADSORPSI DENGAN ZEOLIT Djaeni, Mohamad
TEKNIK Volume 33, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (117.323 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v33i1.3786

Abstract

Drying carrageenan product still deals with low product quality and energy efficiency. The drying with airdehumidified by activated natural zeolite has a potential for drying the product. In this concept, air as dryingmedium was contacted with zeolite to reduce its relative humidity. Hence, the driving force of drying increasesand the process can be conducted at moderate temperature (40-60oC) to retain the quality. This research looksinto the effectiveness of adsorption dryer with zeolite for drying carrageenan. The natural zeolite is activated byheating 300-400oC for 2-3 hours. The zeolite is then used to dehumidify the ambient air as drying medium. Inthis work, the effect of drying temperature and carrageenan thickness on water content in carrageenan duringthe drying were studied. Results showed with air velocity 3.0 m/sec, thickness of carrageenan 1-2 mm,operational drying time 3 hours and air temperature 40-60oC, water content in carrageenan can be reducedfrom 82.0% to 25%. This result is very promising for industrial application.
The Sappanwood Extract Drying With Carrier Agent Under Air Dehumidification Djaeni, Mohamad; Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan; Utari, Febiani; Annisa, Arianti Nuur; Novita, Dewi Ayu
IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 26, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (335.036 KB) | DOI: 10.12962/j20882033.v26i1.1010

Abstract

The sappanwood extract enriched by brazilin can be used for natural colouring agent in food and beverages. The extract is produced in form of dry powder for consummer convenience as well as prolonging storage life. Currently, the sappanwood extract drying still deals with the product sticky that inhibit water transport in drying. As a result, the drying process needs long time to get moisture content below 10%. The extract drying with carrier agent is an option to break the product sticky and to enlarge the surface area for water transport.This paper discusses the effect of carrier agent arabic gum and maltodextrin on sappanwood extract drying with air dehumidification. As a  responses, the moisture content in extract was observed every sampling time and average drying rate was estimated. Results showed that, the carrier agent improve drying rate significantly. With arabic gum 10%, the average drying time can be 2 hours shorter than that of without carrier agent. With faster drying rate, the drying time was shorter  at higher operational temperature. Keywords: Brazilin, dehumidification, tray dryer, zeolite
Pemodelan Pupuk Rilis Lambat Dengan Fly Ash sebagai Matriks Inert yang Dilapisi oleh Ethylcellulose Djaeni, Mohamad; Maulana, Kemal
TEKNIK Vol 41, No. 1 (2020): May 2020
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1074.216 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v41i1.25053

Abstract

Pupuk lambat rilis memiliki peranan yang penting dalam mencegah hilangnya nutrisi tanaman serta meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh nilai koefisien difusivitas ethylcellulose melalui perbandingan antara laju rilis pellet urea eksperimen dengan laju rilis pellet urea simulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode elemen hingga 2D dengan software Comsol Multiphysics. Melalui perbandingan menggunakan hasil eksperimen dengan simulasi diperoleh hasil difusivitas pada lapisan ethylcellulose bervariasi antara 6 x 10-3 - 9 x 10-3 cm2/hari dengan Root Mean Square Error (RSME) sebagai indikator error perhitungan memiliki nilai antara 0.675 - 1.791. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa model cukup baik untuk menggambarkan karakteristik difusi urea dari matriks ke air.
Energy Efficient Dryer with Rice Husk Fuel for Agriculture Drying Djaeni, M.; Asiah, N.; Suherman, S; Sutanto, A.; Nurhasanah, A.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 4, No 1 (2015): February 2015
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.4.1.20-24

Abstract

Energy usage is crucial aspect on agriculture drying process. This step spends about 70% of total energy in post harvest treatment. The design of efficient dryer with renewable energy source is urgently required due to the limitation of fossil fuel energy. This work discusses the performance of air dehumidification using rice husk fuel as heat source for onion, and paddy drying. Unlike conventional dryer, the humidity of air during the drying was dehumidified by adsorbent. Hence, the driving force of drying can be  kept high.  As consequences, the drying time and energy usage can be reduced. Here, the research was conducted in two step: laboratory and pilot scale tests. Results showed that the lowering air humidity with rice husk fuel has improved the energy efficiency. At operational temperature 60oC, the heat efficiency of 75%  was achieved. 
STUDI KASUS: OPTIMISASI TEKNIK PENGADUKAN, PEMBENTUKAN GULUNGAN, DAN KEMASAN PRODUK DODOL DI KABUPATEN BEKASI Dessy Agustina Sari; Azafilmi Hakiim; Vita Efelina; Mohammad Djaeni; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
AGROINTEK Vol 14, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v14i2.6408

Abstract

Dodol is a type of food made from coconut milk, sticky rice flour, and sugar. Its main characteristic is stickiness, which becomes a difficulty during the stirring and packaging process. The need for mechanization results in the instability of production capacity. For 25 years, the core problem solving is a stainless steel material mixer with a pitch blade type that maintains the use of copper pans. This thing overcomes human strength, uniformity of dodol dough, and eliminates shifts between workers. The second is the feeding of dodol, which has been cooled to the screw extrusion rotation and results in uniform diameter of the product roll. The duration of this stage cuts the packaging time from 1-2 minutes to 26-50 seconds per dodol package (250 grams). Besides, the updating of conventional methods has been able to encourage products to reach food shops by submitting marketing authorizations at the Bekasi District Health Office. Lack of sales licenses become middlemen loopholes. Labeling production on selling products could increase the level of consumer confidence in market competition. The proximate test of dodol UKM could compete with the quality of Garut dodol.
Time Estimation of Onion Leaf Drying Mohammad Djaeni
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The main process of the onion post harvest treatment is drying proces. High moisture content of onion leaf and outer layer of onion must be reduced up to moisture content 12% or below (wet basis). This level keeps onion being still fresh. The conventional drying with direct sunlight still has been widely used because of the cheap process. However, this technique needs too long drying time as well as climate dependency. This research evaluated convective dryer for onion leaf drying. The mass transfer coefficient, and moisture diffusivity was estimated to predict effective drying time. Results show that the drying time was shorter as the temperature and air velocity increased. For example, at 60oC and air velocity 0.5 m.s-1, the drying time was about 19 hours. The drying time can be can be 5hours shorter at higher air velocity. In addition,with increase of air velocity, the drying time can be also speeded up, significantly. Here, the air temperature must be kept at maximally 60oC in order to avoid onion degradation. Therefore, the increase of air velocity is a good option to shorten drying time and retain the quality.
UTILIZATION OF CHITOSAN PREPARED FROM SHRIMP SHELL AS FAT DILUENT Hargono Hargono; M. Djaeni
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 7, No 1 (2003): Volume 7, Number 1, Year 2003
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (52.005 KB)

Abstract

Shrimp shell waste from seafood restaurants and canned shrimp industries is potential to be used as chitosan source. This material contains 18.1% of chitin which could be converted into chitosan through demineralization, deproteination and deacetylation process. Chitosan is fine chemical used to adsorb fat from body, heavy metal absorbent, fat diluent and medicine. This research looked into the prospect of chitosan from shrimp shell as fats dilluent. The aims of this research are to study the influence of NaOH concentration on preparing chitosan from shrimp shell, and evaluate the performance of chitosan produced as fat diluent. As indicators, the purity of chitosan and the percentage of fats diluted are measured. This investigation was conducted in two steps involving the preparation of chitosan and the process optimation of fats dillution using chitosan. In this case, the NaOH concentration was varied from 20% to 60% with the step size of 10% to obtain highest quality of chitosan. Whereas, in the second step, the time of fats dilution and chitosan quality were varied to obtain optimum condition of fats dillution. The dillution time was varied from 10 to 30 minutes with incremental of 5 minutes. While, the chitosan quality was varied based the result of preparation step. The results indicated that the highest chitosan quality of 82.45% could be obtained in the percentage of NaOH of 60%. Meanwhile, in the fats dillution process, it showed that the highest percentage of fats dilluted is 96.57% that could be achieved at time dillution of 10 minute and chitosan quality of 82.45%.
Co-Authors . Widayat A. Agusniar A. Mahayana A. Nurhasanah A. Prasetyaningrum1 A. Sutanto Affian Widjanarko Affian Widjanarko Aga Aulia Rahman Ahdayani Rosarrah Ahmad M. Fuadi Ainiyyah Fatin Ajeng Yulianti Dwi Lestari Aji Prasetyaningrum Andri Cahyo Kumoro Annisa, Arianti Nuur Aprilina Purbasari Azafilmi Hakiim Berkah Fajar Tamtomo kiono Bery Kristanti Cindi Yasintasia Cynthia Anggi Maulina D. Setyani Dessy Agustina Sari Dewi Ayuningtyas Djoko Mulyono Febiani Dwi Utari Febiani Dwi Utari Febiani Utari Galih Satrio Lelono H Hadiyanto Hadiono Soegeng Rahardjo Hargono . Hargono Hargono Hargono Hargono Hargono Hargono Hartono, Damin Harum Nissaulfasha Ismi Ari Fitria Jefri Chandra Runanda Jumali Jumali Kristin Valentina Sinabutar Laeli Kurniasari Lisna Krisan Wibowo Listyadevi, Yuniar Luthfia Luqman Buchori M. Ikhwan Shofarudin Maharani Ratridewi Maulana, Kemal Meilya Suzan Triyastuti, Meilya Suzan N. Asiah Nita Ariani Novita, Dewi Ayu Nurul Aishah Aishah Nurul Asiah Nurul Asiah Prakoso, Satrio Budi R Ridwan R. Ridwan Rahmat Hidayat Raka Dimas Saputra Ratnawati Ratnawati Rohmat Figiarto S Suherman Sari, Anisa Rachma Setia Budi Sasongko Sheila Luvi Galvani Siqhny, Zulhaq Dahri Suci Dhiya Mayra Suherman Sumirat Sumirat Tri Nugroho Uma Fadzilia Arifin Uma Fadzilia Arifin, Uma Fadzilia Utari, Febiani Utari, Febiani Dwi Vera Pangni Fahriani Verona Amelia Vita Efelina Wiratno Wiratno