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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 65 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 24 no. 5 (2023)" : 65 Documents clear
Root associated Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) in epiphytic and terrestrial orchids NAMPIAH SUKARNO; SOFI MURSIDAWATI; SRI LISTIYOWATI; NAUFAL HAFIZH NUGRAHA; WENDI NURUL FADILLAH; MASHURI WAITE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240509

Abstract

Abstract. Sukarno N, Mursidawati S, Listiyowati S, Nugraha NH, Fadillah WN, Waite M. 2023. Root associated Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) in epiphytic and terrestrial orchids. Biodiversitas 24: 2577-2586. Members of the Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) are ecologically diverse, covering human and plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytic fungi of economically important plants. The role of FSSC on tropical orchids, however, has received little attention. This research aimed to isolate and identify the FSSC found as endophytes in roots of the epiphytic orchids Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. and Vanda tricolor Lindl., and the terrestrial orchids Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames and Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume. Fungal isolation was obtained from peloton structures within the root. Fungal identification was done using combined morphological and molecular characteristics using ITS rDNA sequences. Four isolates of Fusarium were identified based on morphological characteristics. The BLAST analysis showed that all the isolates were in the Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC). Further phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated that all the FSSC isolates belonged to FSSC5 lineage or Fusarium solani sensu stricto, which is nested in FSSC clade 3 as a subgroup. The fungi F. solani sensu stricto V2 and CF34 were isolated from the epiphytic orchids, and F. solani sensu stricto C5 and P44 were isolated from the terrestrial orchids. It is interesting that the FSSC5 isolated from the epiphytic orchids form different groups than those of the terrestrial orchids. This is the first report showing the tropical orchids are the host of the FSSC5 as endophytes and this broadens the known host range and ecological behavior of the FSSC5.
Short Communication: The effects of SO2 and NO2 fumigation on the chlorophyll of Parmotrema perlatum from Mt. Lawu, Cemoro Sewu, Indonesia EFRI ROZIATY; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUNTORO SUNTORO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240515

Abstract

Abstract. Roziaty E, Sutarno, Suntoro, Sugiyarto. 2023. Short Communication: The effects of SO2 and NO2 fumigation on the chlorophyll of Parmotrema perlatum from Mt. Lawu, Cemoro Sewu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2630-2637. Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of algae and fungi. Lichens have long been recognized as bioindicators of environmental health. One of the lichen parts that will be affected by pollution is chlorophyll. The lichen thallus was fumigated with the gases from motor vehicle emissions. The lichens under study were Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy, found in Cemoro Sewu Forest, Magetan, East Java. The categorization of vehicle emission exposure levels includes Level 0 (no fumigation, control group), Level 1 (1.5 hours), Level 2 (3 hours), Level 3 (4.5 hours), Level 4 (6 hours), Level 5 (7.5 hours) and Level 6 (9 hours). The fumigated thallus had already been examined with spectrophotometry. Sulfuric dioxide (SO2) was measured at 324 nm and 328 nm, whereas nitrogen dioxide and chlorophyll were measured at 645 nm and 663 nm. Each test was replicated three times (R1, R2, and R3). Level 6 had the highest NO2 and SO2 content. The highest NO2 content on thallus lichens was 4.00 at Level 6, while the lowest was 2.14 at Level 0 (Control). The highest SO2 content was 1.856 at Level 6, whereas the lowest was 0.231 at Level 0 (Control). The highest chlorophyll content of Parmotrema was found at Level 0, while the lowest was identified at Level 6 (0.245 µg ml-1). The highest content of chlorophyll b was 0.659 (Level 4), while the lowest was Level 6 (0.413 µg ml-1). The thallus Parmotrema responded positively to NO2 and SO2 exposure. Correlation tests between the four components, specifically fumigation, NO2, SO2, and chlorophyll, show a positive correlation between pollutants and chlorophyll.
Physicochemical properties in NOR tomato line MA 131-6-3 after treated with ethephon and calcium carbide induced ripening ALFASSABIQ KHAIRI; RUDI HARI MURTI; SITI NURUL ROFIQO IRWAN; EKA TARWACA SUSILA PUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240558

Abstract

Abstract. Khairi A, Murti RH, Irwan SNR, Putra ETS. 2023. Physicochemical properties in NOR tomato line MA 131-6-3 after treated with ethephon and calcium carbide induced ripening. Biodiversitas 24: 3029-3037. Tomato fruit Postharvest Losses (PHL) from rotting, Physiological Weight Loss (PWL), inadequate nutrition, and other factors can lower fruit quality. Tomato is included as climacteric fruit which shows a significant increase in respiration and ethylene. The use of tomato with an extended shelf life due to genetic engineering, such as a Non-Ripening (NOR) tomato, can lower PHL. This experiment was carried out to evaluate physicochemical characteristics of NOR tomato fruit (lineMA 131-6-3 as result of selection F6)during postharvest after being treated by Ethephon (ET) (375, 750, 1,125, and 1,500 ppm), calcium carbide (CaC2) (5, 10, 15, and 20 gkg?1), and control. The experimental design was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications.The ambient temperature was 28.30±1.75°C and relative humidity of 60.69±2.33%. The results showed the fruit ripening and physicochemical altered with CaC2 treatment, then followed by yellow but did not alter to the red color for all treatments. The value of reduction sugar, respiration, ethylene, PWL, and pH increased, meanwhile the fruit firmness decreased caused by CaC2. Furthermore, ET could increase rotting during storage.
Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs ISNAWATI ISNAWATI; FITRIARI IZZATUNNISA MUHAIMIN; DWI A. RAHAYU; HERLINA FITRIHIDAJATI; EVIE RATNASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240545

Abstract

Abstract. Isnawati, Muhaimin FI, Rahayu DA, Fitrihidajati H, Ratnasari E. 2023. Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs. Biodiversitas 24: 2906-2911. The provision of cellulolytic bacteria as probiotics in goat feed is crucial to their growth and health. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the effects of providing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of goats as probiotics in feed rations. Probiotic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of goat food fed with a fermented feed containing a combination of hyacinth and corn cob. In this study, the probiotic types are also different from other studies, namely Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus brevis, and Pseudomonas diminuta. Therefore, its effects on the vegetative and generative growth from various age groups and sexes of test goats are investigated. The goats tested were divided into two groups: fed with and without probiotics, with subgroups based on their sexes (male and female) and age groups (baby, juvenile, and adult). The tested goats were fed for 35 days, and their weight gain and sperm quality were observed; in general, weight gain was observed in goats fed the probiotics. Furthermore, the quality of spermatozoa in adult male goats fed with probiotics is higher than without probiotics, which includes its viability (52.2% to 36.9%), motility (48.1% and ++++ to 33.2% and ++), volume and concentration (1.05 mL/ejaculate with 3.7×109 cells/mL to 0.55 mL/ejaculated with 2.6×109 cells/mL). Based on the results, adding cellulolytic bacterial probiotics to the feed promotes the vegetative growth of goats in different age groups, in male and female goats. Also, it improves reproductive performance in adult male test goats.
Genetic diversity of the genus Citrus in Tomini Bay coastal areas, Indonesia based on morphological characters NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO; FEBRIYANTI FEBRIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240549

Abstract

Abstract. Kandowangko NY, Febriyanti. 2023. Genetic diversity of the genus Citrus in Tomini Bay coastal areas, Indonesia based on morphological characters. BIodiversitas 24: 2938-2952. Citrus plants are one of the fruit plants that are widely consumed by the community, both for food, health, and customs. The existence of Citrus plants in the coastal area of Tomini Bay only grows wild and has not been cultivated intensively. Lack of information on the diversity of citrus and the use of Citrus plants that are not balanced with cultivation actions will threaten the existence of these Citrus plants. This research aims to provide information about the morphological characteristics of the genus Citrus in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. The plant materials used were 39 accessions consisting of 7 species. Descriptive methods and diversity index calculations as well as analysis of phenetic consanguinity data were applied in this study. The results showed that all Citrus accessions have morphological diversity ranging from stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds that are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The diversity index (H’) was equal to 0.8103 which was categorized as low. The 39 Citrus accessions were divided into two main clusters with a similarity index of 64.3%. The findings of this study are expected to be useful in Citrus breeding and conservation programs in the future.
Analysis of the effect of ENSO and IOD on the productivity of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the South Indian Ocean, East Java, Indonesia ABU BAKAR SAMBAH; AURUM NOOR’IZZAH; CANDRA ADI INTYAS; DENNY WIDHIYANURIYAWAN; DIDIET POERNAWAN AFFANDY; ADI WIJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240522

Abstract

Abstract. Sambah AB, Noor’izzah A, Intyas CA, Widhiyanuriyawan D, Affandy DP, Wijaya A. 2023. Analysis of the effect of ENSO and IOD on the productivity of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the South Indian Ocean, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2689-2700. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is one of the fish that migrates through the Indian Ocean and is primarily caught in the south Java waters which are directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. Fish abundance and migration are influenced by oceanographic factors, including climatic factors which affect annual and interannual variations, such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study aimed to determine the effect of climate anomalies on the productivity of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean south of East Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out at Coastal Fishing Port of Pondokdadap East Java, involving 58 respondents consisting of fishermen with yellowfin tuna catches. The boundaries of the research area are at coordinates 110.9°-114.5° East Longitude and 8°-11° South Latitude. The data used in the analysis consisted of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data, chlorophyll-a data, Nino 3.4 data, Dipole Mode Index (DMI) data, and yellowfin tuna catch data for the year 2017-2021. The results showed that of the fifteen GAM models, the combination of variables that most affected fish productivity was the distribution of chlorophyll-a and the ENSO phenomenon with values ??of AIC (1503.33) and DE (64.30%). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the IOD phenomenon was influenced by SST and chlorophyll-a, while SST and chlorophyll-a did not significantly influence the ENSO phenomenon. These results indicated that the phenomenon of climate anomalies and the oceanographic conditions in the waters indirectly affect fish productivity through the food chain process.
Phenotypic variability evaluation and genetic variation in F2 intraspecific hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using retrotransposon-based markers AGUS BUDI SETIAWAN; QONITA AULIA ZAHIDAH; DIAS NABILA KALTSUM; AZIZ PURWANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240511

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan AB, Zahidah QA, Kaltsum DN, Purwantoro A. 2023. Phenotypic variability evaluation and genetic variation in F2 intraspecific hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using retrotransposon-based markers. Biodiversitas 24: 2596-2604. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has a narrow genetic base compared to other Cucumis species. The genetic base of the cucumber can be improved by crossing two distantly related cultivars from different geographical locations. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypic variability and investigate genetic variation of F2 cucumber population using two retrotransposon-based markers, namely Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP)andInter-SINE Amplified Polymorphism(ISAP). Two parental lines and the selected 59 genotypes from F2 population were subjected to PCR analysis for DNA profiling. The phenotypic variation of F2 genotypes revealed significant diversity in fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit radian, pedicel length, fruit length, and fruit ratio (length-diameter). The genetic variation of the F2 hybrids was successfully detected and discriminated by IRAP and ISAP markers. Both IRAP and ISAP markers showed high heterozygosity ranged from 0.4021 to 0.4997, with an average of 0.4649 and moderate polymorphic information content ranged from 0.3489 to 0.3929 with an average of 0.3648. Cluster analysis showed that the F2 population and parental lines were grouped into two major clusters with a similarity coefficient ranged from 0.67 to 0.96. These findings imply that the F2 population is highly segregated and can be utilized to create new cultivars of cucumber.
Evaluation of nutritional values of tree-forage legume leaves from Gunungkidul District, Indonesia I NYOMAN GUNA DARMA; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA; AHMAD SOFYAN; ERIKA BUDIARTILACONI; MUHAMMAD RIDLA; HENDRA HERDIAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240527

Abstract

Abstract. Darma ING, Jayanegara A, Sofyan A, Budiartilaconi E, Ridla M, Herdian H. 2023. Evaluation of nutritional values of tree-forage legume leaves from Gunungkidul District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2733-2744. This study aimed to assess the nutritional value of tree legume leaves found in Gunungkidul District. A completely randomized design with 19 treatments (legume species) and six replications (nylon bags) was employed. The study evaluated the chemical composition, in sacco dry and organic matter degradation characteristics, and their correlation with the chemical composition. The results indicated variations in the crude protein (CP) content (12.44% to 26.9%), crude fiber (CF) content (16.13% to 27.38%), total digestible nutrients (TDN) (71.10% to 88.17%), and total phenol content (2.47% to 21.87%) on a dry matter basis. Among the legume species, Indigofera tinctoria L. exhibited the highest soluble fraction (a) values for dry matter (42.89±1.15%) and organic matter (40.32±1.37%). Additionally, I. tinctoria displayed the highest potential degraded fraction values (a+b) for dry matter (88.33±0.90%) and organic matter (88.12±0.95%). The effective degradation of dry matter (EDDM) and organic matter (EDOM) were 64.57±0.48% and 63.78±0.68%, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) between ash, CP, TDN, CF, total phenol, and EDDM and EDOM values were 0.54, 0.58, 0.53, -0.73, -0.53, and 0.52, 0.55, 0.52, -0.72, -0.56 respectively. In conclusion, tree-forage legume leaves from Gunungkidul District exhibited varying nutritional values, with I. tinctoria showing the highest values for effective dry and organic matter degradation compared to other tree legumes. The ash content, CP, and TDN demonstrated positive correlations with the EDDM and EDOM values, whereas the CF content and total phenol exhibited negative correlations with the EDDM and EDOM values of tree legume leaves.
A 50 year decennial survey of male Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) with supplemental genetic analysis in Tanjung Puting National Park, Indonesia BIRUTÉ MARY GALDIKAS; RUTH ELLA LINSKY; RENIASTOETIE DJOJOASMORO; JOSEPH LORENZ; R. STEVEN WAGNER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240510

Abstract

Abstract. Galdikas BM, Linsky RE, Djojoasmoro R, Lorenz J, Wagner RS. 2023. A 50 year decennial survey of male Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) with supplemental genetic analysis in Tanjung Puting National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2587-2595. This study investigates the declining presence of adult males in a protected wild population of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at the Camp Leakey study area in Tanjung Puting National Park (TPNP), Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Orangutan populations are in decline due to habitat destruction and fragmentation. Documenting changes within existing orangutan populations over time is important to understand demographic changes that may indicate pre-extinction processes and imminent collapse. Wild orangutan behavior has been studied at Camp Leakey since 1971. Observations of orangutans over the past five decades have documented a greatly decreased number of encounters with flanged adult males. A supplementary six-month genetic study was hindered by the fact that only two adult males briefly appeared in the study area in 2016 as compared to 40 adult male encounters in the same time period in 1976. The decline which appears most visible in data from 1986 to 1996 continues into 2006 and 2016. Genotypes from 24 wild adult orangutans encountered in 2016 were analyzed to assess the expected genetic parameters of a wild orangutan population. Pairwise relatedness was high among and between adult females and subadult males. The only two flanged males present during the genetic survey shared zero pairwise relatednesses. However, both flanged males had non-zero pairwise relatedness with other members of the Camp Leakey community and thus it is likely they were from different local areas. These data show the genetic consequences of the observed demographic changes. As TPNP forests have become disconnected from neighboring habitats, natural orangutan male dispersal may be disrupted. Disruption of male dispersal would increase the risk of accelerated extirpation for the orangutan population in TPNP as well as other orangutan populations, especially those that are remnant and less protected.
Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts from Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia INDRIATY INDRIATY; DJUFRI DJUFRI; BINAWATI GINTING; KARTINI HASBALLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240541

Abstract

Abstract. Indriaty, Djufri, Ginting B, Hasballah K. 2023. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts from Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2865-2876. Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume,Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou, Rhizophora apiculate Blume, and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. are mangrove plant species belonging to Rhizophoraceae that have been used as medicinal plants. Studies on phytochemical screening and bioactivity of Rhizophoraceae mangrove plants from the Aceh region are still limited. This study aimed to analyze the chemical compounds in Rhizophoraceae from Aceh and determine total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The chemical compounds were determined using qualitative assay, TLC, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was tested against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Twenty extracts from various plant parts of Rhizophoraceae (roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl) were used in this study. The phytochemical screening of Rhizophoraceae plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics (tannins), terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. The highest TPC content was obtained from the bark of R. mucronata (484.39 mg GAE/g extract). Furthermore, the highest TFC was found in the leaves of R. apiculata ( 15.23 mg QE/g extract). Nineteen extracts had very high antioxidant activity (IC50: 2.35 ± 0.01 - 29.84 ± 0.19 µg/mL). The bark and roots of C. decandra had the most potent antioxidant activity (IC50: 2.35 0.01 and 3.23 0.01 µg/mL, respectively). The GC-MS revealed the presence of pyrocatechol (15.85%), antiarol (1.44%), and hexadecanoic acid (1.69%), that act as antioxidants. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Rhizophoraceae methanol extract contains phenols in the stem bark and flavonoids in the leaves with very high antioxidant activity as a good source of natural ingredients for future pharmaceutical product development. It is highly recommended to do further research to obtain pure compounds from these plants.

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