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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 25 no. 2 (2024)" : 50 Documents clear
Population dynamics of mud clam Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) in degraded mangrove area at Kendari Bay, Indonesia BAHTIAR BAHTIAR; MA’RUF KASIM; YUSTIKA INTAN PERMATA HATI; ERMAYANTI ISHAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250220

Abstract

Abstract. Bahtiar B, Kasim M, Hati YIP, Ishak E. 2024. Population dynamics of mud clam Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) in degraded mangrove area at Kendari Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 616-623. Mud clams, Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849), locally known as kalandue, are bivalves living in mangrove forests. These mud clams are currently experiencing ecological pressure, and are susceptible to the degradation of mangrove areas and the exploitation of the clams. This research was conducted in the mangrove forests of Kendari Bay for a year, from November 2016 to October 2017. Geloina expansa samples were collected throughout the mangrove forest area, and the water temperature was measured simultaneously with G. expansa sampling. The width of G. expansa shell was measured using a caliper. Population structure, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate data were analyzed using the Bhattacharya method, the von Bertalanffy inverse function, the width converted catch curve, and Pauly's empirical formula, all accommodated in the FiSAT II program version 3.0. The results showed that the G. expansa population was spread out from two and three-size groups, i.e., juvenile, adult, and old-size groups, dominated by the older group. Geloina expansa growth model follows the Lt = 10.08-(10.08-0.025) e-0.6t, which generally consists of 1.5-2.5 years of maturity. The total mortality (Z) of G. expansa was 2.26, in which the highest contributing factor was natural mortality (M) as opposed to fishing mortality (F), with values of M = 1.72 and F = 0.56. Thus, the exploitation rate (E) was within the low category, with a value of 0.24.
Diversity of disease-carrying mosquito vectors in potential areas of dengue fever in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia HERU LISTIONO; NURHAYATI DAMIRI; TOTONG KAMALUDDIN; CHANDRA IRSAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250205

Abstract

Abstract. Listiono H, Damiri N, Kamaluddin T, Irsan C. 2024. Diversity of disease-carrying mosquito vectors in potential areas of dengue fever in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 474-481. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are biting insects commonly found in many areas on earth in subtropics and tropics, especially around residential areas. So far, more than 2500 species have been recorded from various parts of the world. They are the main vectors of many diseases in humans and livestock caused by viruses and parasites. Mosquito diversity and disease transmission are influenced by landscape modifications, namely vectors and pathogens. The study aimed to evaluate the distribution, prevalence and abundance of mosquito species in potential dengue fever districts in Palembang city. The study was conducted in 2 two sub-districts in Palembang City, namely Gandus and Seberang Ulu I that represent housing environment, schools and gardens. Mosquito capture was done during three periods 06.00-10.00, 15.00-18.00, and 19.00-21.00 to align with their active hours. This involved active human landing collection method. 200 ovitraps were set up in both regions to assess the density of mosquitoes. The results showed that the diversity index values in Gandus and the Seberang Ulu I sub-districts were 0.781 and 0.756, respectively. Both values were categorized as low diversity index. Furthermore, the dominance index in Gandus and Seberang Ulu 1 sub-district were 0.105 and 0.031, respectively. It meant that there were no dominant mosquito species in both sub-districts. Based on the results of Independent t-test analysis, it was found that the average number of mosquito populations in Gandus sub-district was 25.07 and Seberang Ulu I sub-district was 13.29. From the results of the analysis it was found that there was no difference in average number of mosquito populations between Gandus and Seberang Ulu I sub-district, with a p-value of 0.367. Further research needs to be directed at uncovering mosquito distribution patterns and their potential as disease vectors, the risk of infectious diseases, and the need for further prevention to reduce the number of disease incidences.
Abundance assessment of Sulawesi Banded Swallowtail, Papilio gigon gigon and availability of resource plants in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia TAUFIQ ISMAIL; RISMA ILLA MAULANY; PUTU OKA NGAKAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250226

Abstract

Abstract. Ismail T, Maulany RI, Ngakan PO. 2024. Abundance assessment of Sulawesi Banded Swallowtail Papilio gigon gigon and availability of resource plants in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 673-682. The Sulawesi Banded Swallowtail (Papilio gigon gigon Felder & Felder, 1864) is an endemic butterfly species of Sulawesi, Indonesia currently under threat from hunting and trade activities and habitat degradation. This study aims to examine the abundance of P. gigon gigon and resource plants' availability and to analyze the relationship between resource host and nectar plant density with the abundance of the butterfly species in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected using the line transect method in two habitat types: settlement and forest located in three observation sites (Bantimurung, Leang-leang, and Pattunuang). The data were analyzed with Spearman's correlation test. The results showed a significant positive correlation in Bantimurung between the host plant densities (r = 0.258; p = 0.010) and nectar plants (r = 0.211; p = 0.036) with the abundance of P. gigon gigon. In Pattunuang, the host plants had indicated an insignificant correlation (r = 0.061; p = 0.548) with the abundance of P. gigon gigon, and in contrast, the nectar plants showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.487; p = 0.000). Only in Leang-leang the correlation between the abundance of P. gigon gigon showed no significant correlation with both host (r = 0.152; p = 0.132) and nectar plants (r = 0.041; p = 0.686). Differences between the observation areas were suspected to be influenced by human activities such as tourism and hunting. Therefore, management interventions by the national park are required to support the conservation of P. gigon gigon in the area.
Exploring the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria from Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) against Bacillus subtilis DEBIE RIZQOH; SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI; UTARI HARTATI SURYANI; CINTYA NABILA PUTRI; MEUTIA AGUSTIN; HERNITA TAURUSTYA; NOVRIANTIKA LESTARI; MARDHATILLAH SARIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250229

Abstract

Abstract. Rizqoh D, Sipriyadi, Suryani UH, Putri CN, Agustin M, Taurustya H, Lestari N, Sariyanti M. 2024. Exploring the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria from Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) against Bacillus subtilis. Biodiversitas 25: 700-707. Infectious diseases are still one of the global health problems. Increasing antibiotic resistance against several pathogenic microbes causes antibiotics to be less effective in treating infectious diseases. One pathogenic bacteria that causes infection is Bacillus subtilis, which causes bacteremia, septicemia, and endocarditis. Therefore, searching for new alternative antibiotics is urgently needed to overcome bacterial resistance. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) extract produces antimicrobial bioactive compounds. Thus, this study aims to explore endophytic bacteria from Z. acanthopodium and determine their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. This study used a qualitative experimental method, namely isolation of endophytic bacteria, characterization of endophytic bacteria colonies and cells, antagonistic test against B. subtilis, extraction of compounds from endophytic bacteria, and determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of crude extract of endophytic bacteria against B. subtilis. This study showed that 16 endophytic isolates from Z. acanthopodium could inhibit the growth of B. subtilis, and potential isolates were EA7 and EA26, which have Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at 40%, and EB6 at 80%.
Terrestrial vertebrate fauna in a multifunctional landscape in Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines PAUL HENRIC P. GOJO-CRUZ; JENNIFER C. CALDITO; YVONNE DAPHNEY L. CATUBIG; HAYDEE MAY CORNES; JEANY S. CORPUZ; SHAINA S. MANIQUIZ; KAREN GAY E. MATUNAN; FRANCE JOSEPH PASCUAL; EAJAY S. SAN MIGUEL; GEOWENA C. SIGUANCIA; DANICA CARLA TURQUEZA; JAYSON P. MADLAO; CORNELIO FRANCIS CRUZ; JAY G. MERCULIO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250217

Abstract

Abstract. Gojo-Cruz PHP, Caldito JC, Catubig YDL, Cornes HM, Corpuz JS, Maniquiz SS, Matunan KGE, Pascual FJ, Miguel ESS, Siguancia GC, Turqueza DC, Madlao JP, Cruz CF, Merculio JG. 2024. Terrestrial vertebrate fauna in a multifunctional landscape in Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 583-597. This study was done to document the vertebrate fauna in a multifunctional landscape at the foothills of Mt. Mingan, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija. The inventory of wild vertebrate fauna associated with the different habitat types in the area will be valuable in creating suitable management programs to reduce the impact of human activities in the area without affecting local economic activities. Standard survey techniques, including day and night transect walks, opportunistic surveys, mist-netting, and cage trapping, were employed to document vertebrate fauna in the agro-forest, around built-up areas, forest edges, lowland forest, grassland, and riparian habitats. A total of 79 species of vertebrate fauna were recorded, including 7 species of mammals, 13 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, and 50 species of birds. Thirty-three (33) species were endemic to the Philippines. Regarding conservation status, eight (8) species were listed in the higher threat status under DAO 2019-09. Species richness was observed to be highest in lowland dipterocarp forests. On the other hand, species composition varies between habitats, with endemic species being more common in complex habitats such as lowland dipterocarp forests than in simpler habitats like agricultural areas. The high species richness and the presence of endemic and threatened species in the multifunctional landscape of the area highlight the need for management plans considering habitat heterogeneity and connectivity.
Fungal diversity associated with the decomposition of Avicennia marina leaf litter at various salinity levels YUNASFI YUNASFI; IPANNA ENGGAR SUSETYA; BUDI UTOMO; AFIFUDDIN DALIMUNTHE; SAMSURI SAMSURI; ANITA ZAITUNAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250239

Abstract

Abstract. Yunasfi, Susetya IE, Utomo B, Dalimunthe A, Samsuri, Zaitunah A. 2024. Fungal diversity associated with the decomposition of Avicennia marina leaf litter at various salinity levels. Biodiversitas 25: 792-800. The process of litter decomposition in mangrove ecosystem is influenced by both biological and environmental factors. Biological factors include organisms, such as worms, snails, bacteria, and fungi, while environmental factors are soil, water pH, salinity, and others. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of salinity level and length of decomposition period, dominant fungi, as well as carbohydrate and protein levels in Avicennia marina leaf litter. In the experiment, litter bags containing 50 g of A. marina leaf litter were used and placed at salinity levels of <10 ppt, 11-20 ppt, and 21-30 ppt. The results showed that the highest decomposition rate i.e., 6.90/year, with length of time = 0.15 years was found in A. marina leaf litter at a salinity level of 21 ppt-30 ppt. At salinity levels of <10 and 10-20 ppt, the decomposition rate was 4.55 and 5.91, respectively, while the litter period in soil was 0.22 and 0.17 years. Furthermore, the residual leaf litter decomposed at salinity levels of <10 ppt, 11-20 ppt, and 21-30 ppt was 6.67 g, 4.57 g, and 4.36 g, respectively. The average value of the Shannon diversity Index for fungal species in A. marina leaf litter, which had experienced decomposition ranged from low to moderate. At salinity levels of <10 ppt, 10-20 ppt, and 20-30 ppt, the values obtained were 1.96, 1.86, and 1.95 respectively. The fungal species diversity index was greater than the control, 1.26. Based on the results, A. marina leaf litter placed at salinity level of <10 ppt had the highest carbohydrate and protein content of 12.10 and 9.12%, respectively, while the lowest protein content of 8.28% was recorded at salinity level of 20-30 ppt. This study showed that the longer the decomposition period at various levels of salinity, the higher the protein content in absolute terms.
Comparison of morphological characters, flowering phenology and essential oils of two accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa) MUTMAINNATUN NAFIS RABI’ATUN NA’IMAH; ANI KURNIAWATI; KRISANTINI KRISANTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250240

Abstract

Abstract. Na’imah MNR, Kurniawati A, Kisantini. 2024. Comparison of morphological characters, flowering phenology and essential oils of two accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa). Biodiversitas 25: 801-810. The Cananga flowers are well-known in various regions of Indonesia as a raw material for essential oils and flower decorations. This study aims to compare the characteristics of two varieties of Cananga originating from Kediri and Cipanas. Both types of Cananga were cultivated in the Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Cikabayan experimental field. Observation was conducted on leaf and flower characteristics, flowering phenology, and essential oil content. The research shows that the Kediri accession exhibited brownish-red leaf petioles, brownish-red branches, and dark brown stems. In contrast, the Cipanas accession had green leaf stalks, green branches, and light brown stems. The flowering phenology of the Kediri accession spanned from the emergence of flower buds to the End stage, lasting 35 days, while the Cipanas accession's flowering period extended for 25 days. The Kediri accession's flowers have more petals and are longer and heavier than the Cipanas accession. The highest essential oil content of the Cipanas accession occurred at the 50% full flowering stage, reaching 0.92%, and gradually decreased as the flowering progressed. In comparison, the Kediri accession oil content is the highest at the end of the flowering stage, with a peak of 0.61%. The highest compound in the Kediri accession is all-trans-Farnesol acetate 14,24%, ?-Copaene 12.23%, and Caryophyllene 15.92%. Meanwhile, in the Cipanas accession, the highest compound content was linalool 18.74% and caryophyllene 16.00%.
Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia MIRZA D. KUSRINI; RICHARD GATOT N. TRIANTORO; RAMDANI MANURUNG; REZKY AGUST SETIAWAN; NAMHONG KIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250211

Abstract

Abstract. Kusrini MD, Triantoro RGN, Manurung R, Setiawan RA, Kim N. 2024. Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 522-532. The pig-nosed turtle has been harvested in the Papuan region, including Merauke area in South Papua province, Indonesia. This study aimed to observe the harvesting characteristics of pig-nosed turtles around the Kao River in Boven Digoel district, South Papua. We interviewed harvesters, collectors, and village officials and participated in harvesting during harvest season, coinciding with the nesting season in August to early November 2022. The use of the pig-nosed turtle on the Kao River is primarily for eggs, not for meat. The collected eggs were incubated in an ex-situ hatchery until the juvenile form was sold to the collectors. All egg harvesters are local Papuans, while collectors or buyers are generally of non-Papuan descent. Harvesting is carried out by local people in land-owned nesting habitats as part of their inheritance-based customary rights. At least 23 clans from two tribes in the Kao River have the customary rights to harvest pig-nosed turtle eggs. Since harvesting has been carried out for more than 10 years, there is a need to ensure that harvesting will be sustainable without sacrificing the local communities' economic benefit.
Physicochemical and structural composition of black rice (Oryza sativa) flour from Java, Indonesia NURHIDAJAH NURHIDAJAH; DIODE YONATA; SUFIATI BINTANAH; BOBY PRANATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250241

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhidajah, Yonata D, Bintanah S, Pranata B. 2024. Physicochemical and structural composition of black rice (Oryza sativa) flour from Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 811-818. Information regarding the characteristics of Indonesian black rice (Oryza sativa) flour from several varieties can provide a scientific base for developing its utilization. This study aimed to compare the physicochemical and structural composition of black rice varieties, namely Cempo Ireng, Melik, Sirampog, and Jeliteng from Java, Indonesia. Black rice was initially crushed to 100 mesh size. The flour's physicochemical and structural composition was then compared descriptively and the quantitative data was analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 software. As a result, significant differences were observed in starch content (68.45-71.08%), amylose content (13.99-18.49%), solubility (13.92-19.55%), swelling power (9.46-11.36%), water binding capacity (74.79-87.87%), and oil binding capacity (59.59-67.33%) of the four varieties of black rice flour. In addition, significant differences were also observed in the paste and thermal properties of various varieties. Morphological analysis shows that the flour structure has a similar shape, which is plate-shaped and contains many flakes. The relative crystallinity of Indonesian black rice flour ranges from 22.95% to 24.25%. This result reflects that all black rice flour particles have an A-type crystalline structure. All varieties of black rice flour have different physicochemical and structural compositions, except crystal structure that shows similarities (type A).
Bacterial diversity in cheese wastewater using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) SOLIKAH ANA ESTIKOMAH; SURANTO SURANTO; ARI SUSILOWATI; MOHAMMAD MASYKURI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250206

Abstract

Abstract. Estikomah SA, Suranto, Susilowati A, Masykuri M. 2024. Bacterial diversity in cheese wastewater using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Biodiversitas 25: 482-490. Cheese wastewater (whey) has a high content of organic substances, including lactose, protein, and fat. The lactose in whey wastewater can also be used as a bacterial growth medium. Bacterial community structure is an essential aspect of microbial water quality. The bacterial diversity data obtained can then be used to evaluate the existence of bacteria that might be useful for making microbiological products. This research employs Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to determine the diversity and abundance of bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons for further processing of whey wastewater. The NGS-based technique overcomes the limitations of conventional bacterial culture techniques. The effectiveness and accuracy of microbial diversity analysis employing NGS technology are high. The research method includes the steps of sample preparation, DNA extraction using a ZymoBIOMICS DNA Microprep Kit (D4300), PCR amplification of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene region, DNA sequencing, and a bioinformatics-statistical analysis. The results show that bacterial diversity in whey wastewater was found to have an average number of Operational Taxon Units (OTUs) of 259 tags. The metagenomics study of the microbial community in whey wastewater successfully detected the dominant genus of bacteria, which can benefit the management of whey wastewater. The presence of Lactobacillus and Acetobacter confirms that cheese whey wastewater exists in Yogyakarta Province. Acetobacter can oxidize ethanol to produce acetic acid, a pungent odor characteristic that causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, the presence of Lactobacillus and Acetobacter shows that whey wastewater can be reprocessed to produce fermented beverages, thereby improving their value and minimizing the impact of environmental pollution.

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