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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 25 no. 5 (2024)" : 50 Documents clear
Selection of rice aroma from crossing aromatic rice x T250.7 mutant genotype using DNA marker ISHAK ISHAK; FLOREAN FEDORA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250537

Abstract

Abstract. Ishak I, Fedora F. 2024. Selection of rice aroma from crossing aromatic rice x T250.7 mutant genotype using DNA marker. Biodiversitas 25: 2191-2197. Breeding fragrant rice using conventional approach was considered ineffective due to time consuming, therefore molecular breeding using DNA markers was introduced. This research aimed to utilize marker-assisted selection (MAS) for detection of fragrance gene in rice related to molecular breeding. Crossing between aromatic rice (Sinar 1) and non-aromatic rice (T250.7 mutant genotype) showed the results at F1 plants and found the DNA fragment size of 257 bp for fragrance genes in rice was at TS1, TS2, TS3, TS4, TS5, and TS.7 genotypes, whereas, TS6 did not show a fragment DNA at 257 bp. It was predicted that the TS6 genotype did not cross between variety Sinar 1 with T250.7. The F2 seeds were selected and morphologically, they had slender seeds and continued planting for F2 plants. Based on DNA marker identification, it revealed that 75% of the rice plants carried aroma. Similarly, the selected F3 plants continued to be planted and molecular identification indicated that aroma segregation was the same as that in the previous generation. Plants with the number of accessions of 721, 761, and 7210 were predicted to have homogeneity in aroma after detection using molecular markers. The MAS in breeding programs can shorten the duration of rice selection.
Nest characteristics, distribution, and preferences of Megapodius reinwardt as the basis for its conservation on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia M. YAMIN; A. WAHAB JUFRI; ALIFMAN HAKIM; GUNAWAN GUNAWAN; JONI RAHMAT; A.A. SUKARSO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250508

Abstract

Abstract. Yamin M, Jufri AW, Hakim A, Gunawan, Rahmat J, Sukarso AA. 2024. Nest characteristics, distribution, and preferences of Megapodius reinwardt as the basis for its conservation on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1920-1928. Megapodius reinwardt Dumont, 1823 is a unique bird that has an important ecological role as an insect controller, food security, and economy. This study aims to accurately determine the distribution, characteristics of nests and nesting preferences of M. reinwardt in natural habitats. Data collection was carried out by field observation methods at three locations from March to August 2023, i.e.: TWA Gunung Tunak (Gunung Tunak Nature Park), TWA Kerandangan (Kerandangan Nature Park), and Gili Trawangan, but when data were collected on Gili Trawangan no active nests were found. We found that there are seven active nests in the western part of the TWA Gunung Tunak; each nest was built by five to twelve pairs of parents, while in TWA Kerandangan, three active nests were built by three pairs of parents. The population of M. reinwardt on Lombok Island is only found in TWA Gunung Tunak (96 heads) and TWA Kerandangan (12 heads). The presence of the nest is simultaneously significantly influenced by 14 factors (R2 value=87%). Six factors are highly preferred, i.e., distance to river streams, light intensity, canopy cover, vegetation density, humidity, and plant litter composition. The vegetation diversity in TWA Gunung Tunak was 21 species with a density of 58 - 344 individuals/hectare compared to TWA Kerandangan, which was 40 species with a density of 185-410 individuals/hectare. The diversity index (H) of M. reinwardt is between 2.14-2.26. The evenness index (E) is between 0.95-0.96. The high ecological index indicates that conservation strategies for M. reinwardt should be implemented by providing ecosystem services through the development of ecotourism and by increasing economic and community awareness.
Diversity of the genus Chondrilla L. (Asteraceae) in Eastern Europe ALEXANDR S. KASHIN; ALENA S. PARKHOMENKO; ANNA O. KONDRATI; TATIANA A. KRITSKAYA; ARTEM V. BOGOSLOV; IRINA V. SHILOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250506

Abstract

Abstract. Kashin AS, Parkhomenko AS, Kondratieva AO, Kritskaya TA, Bogoslov AV, Shilova IV. 2024. Diversity of the genus Chondrilla L. (Asteraceae) in Eastern Europe. Biodiversitas 25: 1901-1910. The genus Chondrilla (Asteraceae) has a complex taxonomic structure due to widespread apomictic reproduction. This study aimed to identify the variability and clarify the status of Chondrilla species growing in Eastern Europe (European Russia and Western Kazakhstan). The study of morphological variability in Chondrilla species was assessed using 28 morphometric parameters. Moreover, 840 specimens from 28 populations of 8 Chondrilla species from Eastern Europe were analyzed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Nonmetric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS), recursive decomposition, and random forest algorithm were used for analysis. The ordination methods divided the studied samples into two groups: the first group included samples of C. ambigua and C. pauciflora, and the second group included all remaining samples. Following the resulting binary trees, obtained by recursive decomposition method and the random forest algorithm, a determination key was compiled for the Chondrilla species of Eastern Europe. The high level of morphological variation in Chondrilla and its distribution characteristics revealed in this study by numerical taxonomy and recursive decomposition methods, along with our previous studies results, show that only C. ambigua is a morphologically and genetically well-separated species, including C. pauciflora as a triploid cytotype; C. canescens, C. graminea, C. latifolia and C. juncea are synonyms with the priority name C. juncea and should be considered as subspecies; and C. brevirostris and C. laticoronata are hybrids with C. ambigua as maternal parent.
Local uses and traditional knowledge of Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium) in Riau Province, Indonesia DESTI DESTI; RETNO MASTUTI; RODIYATI AZRIANINGSIH; ESTRI LARAS ARUMINGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250522

Abstract

Abstract. Desti D, Mastuti R, Azrianingsih R, Arumingtyas EL. 2024. Local uses and traditional knowledge of Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium Jack. Ridl.) in Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2043-2050. Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium Jack. Ridl.), the symbolic plant of Riau Province, serves as its mascot flora. This research analyzes the local uses and traditional knowledge of nibung in both coastal and non-coastal areas of Riau, Indonesia. Ethnobotanical information regarding nibung was gathered from local communities through interviews, conducted with a structured questionnaire, supplemented by field observations and discussions with community members. Respondents were chosen using purposive and snowball sampling methods. It found that more than five types of utilization of nibung practiced by the local community, consisting of constructions, tools and utensils, medicinal purposes, as a source of vegetables or additional food, and for flavoring some dishes. In this case, stem is the highest part of nibung, which was used by the local people. In the coastal areas show a higher utilization of nibung compared to the non-coastal areas. Respondents show an understanding of the cultural and socio-economic importance of nibung, reflecting local wisdom in its utilization. They selectively harvest mature plants, leaving saplings to grow and thrive, only take a mature one, and leave the saplings to grow. Before cutting down nibung trees, they carefully choose the mature ones, and avoid cutting down those without shoots in a clump. In this investigation, the local wisdom regarding the cutting of nibung among Riau's coastal communities is known as the "memenyan" tradition. Before harvesting nibung, they perform the tradition of burning incense ("kemenyan") as a ritual for seeking permission to cut down the nibung. On the other hand, in the non-coastal areas, its tradition involves the datuk penghulu and ninik mamak, elders who play a crucial role in granting permission to cut nibung. It support conservation efforts through sustainable utilization and engaging local communities within the nibung's habitat.
Profiling of microbiome biodiversity and structure associated with the gastrointestinal tract of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) using high-throughput sequencing MUHAMAD AMIN; LAILA MUSDALIFAH; MUHAMMAD WAHYUDIN LEWARU; ALIMUDDIN ALIMUDDIN; SAHRUL ALIM; MELISSA BEATA MARTIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250515

Abstract

Abstract. Amin M, Musdalifah L, Lewaru MW, Alimuddin, Alim S, Martin MB. 2024. Profiling of microbiome biodiversity and structure associated with the gastrointestinal tract of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) using high-throughput sequencing. Biodiversitas 25: 1984-1992. The Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) holds significant importance as an aquaculture commodity in Indonesia, where the government actively promotes the expansion of brackish water pond intensification and extensification. Despite its global cultured prominence, there remains a research gap regarding the biodiversity of the microbiome within the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of cultured P. vannamei and the implications of aquaculture practices on microbiota dynamics. This study focuses on investigating the diversity and structure of the GIT microbiome in P. vannamei from selective intensive aquaculture ponds in East Java, Indonesia. Sampling from three distinct intensive rearing ponds, shrimp GITs were meticulously dissected to analyze the bacterial composition using high-throughput sequencing. The microbial diversity within the gastrointestinal tracts of these shrimps from commercial intensive aquaculture farms was evaluated through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, targeting the V3-V4 region, and the utilization of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) for bacterial categorization. The results revealed that the gastrointestinal tract of shrimp reared in an intensive aquaculture system was dominated by nine bacterial phyla, namely Proteobacteria (53.95%), followed by Actinobacteria (26.78%), Bacteroidetes (3.95%), Firmicutes (2.41%), Tenericutes (1.98%), Chloroflexi (1.22%), Verrucomicrobia (1.03%), Cyanobacteria (0.71%) and Planctomycetes (0.65%). High levels of microbial diversity were indicated by the diversity indices, reflecting both richness (Simpson's index) and evenness (Shannon index). The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of microbiota dynamics in aquaculture systems and underline the significance of preserving microbial diversity for sustainable shrimp production.
Structure of reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) tongue using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy MARTINA MARINA; GOLDA RANI SARAGIH; ULAYATUL KUSTIATI; TEGUH BUDIPITOJO; HERY WIJAYANTO; TRI WAHYU PANGESTININGSIH; ARIANA ARIANA; WORO DANUR WENDO; VISTA BUDIARIATI; DWI LILIEK KUSINDARTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250530

Abstract

Abstract. Marina M, Saragih GR, Kustiati U, Budipitojo T, Wijayanto H, Pangestiningsih TW, Ariana, Wendo WD, Budiariati V, Kusindarta DL. 2024. Structure of reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) tongue using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Biodiversitas 25: 1596-1604. Reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) is the longest snake in the world. It belongs to order Squamata, suborder Serpentes, family Pythonidae, and genus Malayopython. The size of this snake can reach up to 6-8 m, which makes it the largest member of Pythonidae family. The tongue of Malayopython reticulatus (Schneider, 1801) is unique in that it serves the chemosensory process by capturing and carrying airborne chemical particles to Jacobson's or vomeronasal organs, so it would be very interesting to know the morphology of the lingual papillae of the tongue of M. reticulatus. This research aimed to determine the morphological and histological structures of M. reticulatus tongue via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Macroscopically, the tongue was divided into the apex, corpus, and radix. This organ is elongated with bifurcation. The dorsal anterior part tends to be blackish, whereas the posterior part tends to be lighter to reddish in color. SEM observation showed that the reticulated python tongue has microfacets and micropores on the dorsal side but lack papillae and taste buds. Histological results (HE staining) revealed that the tongue is divided into a mucosal layer and a muscular layer. The mucosal layer consists of lamina epithelial mucosa and lamina propria mucosa. Melanin exists in the lamina propria mucosa. The muscular layer comprises longitudinal, transverse, and vertical muscles and also lack papillae and taste buds.
Vegetation diversity based on peat hydrological units for supporting cattle production in West Kalimantan, Indonesia DUTA SETIAWAN; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA; NAHROWI NAHROWI; NUR ROCHMAH KUMALASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250518

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan D, Jayanegara A, Nahrowi, Kumalasari NR. 2024. Vegetation diversity based on peat hydrological units for supporting cattle production in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2011-2019. This study determined the characteristics of forage supply, composition, and diversity in various West Kalimantan Peat Hydrological Units (PHU) and the capacity for livestock development. The methods used were a combination of surveys, direct observations, and measurements of samples of peat hydrological units commonly used as pasture by farmers. The results showed that the pattern of providing forage for livestock is that the majority of farmers are in the productive age category (41-60 years), the education level was only elementary school, livestock farming was only a side business (78.33-81.67%), and the mowing capacity was still above livestock feed requirements. Important Value Index (IVI) in Mempawah Ageratum conyzoides (32.34%), Pontianak IVI Digitaria sanguinalis (27.17%), Kubu Raya IVI Cyperus brevifolius (22.43%). The forage species diversity index (H) of the three districts in West Kalimantan was classified as moderate or high. The species Richness Indices (R') for Mempawah, Pontianak, and Kubu Raya were 5.01, 6.22, and 6.41, respectively. The carrying capacity index in Kubu Raya (2.01) and Mempawah (5.19) was included in the safety criteria because it has a CCI above 2. In conclusion, The West Kalimantan livestock population can be increased by utilizing land in rice fields, dry fields, community forests, and plantations as a source of diverse forage vegetation.
The supply chain of Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) utilization in cobra satay businesses in Jakarta, Indonesia SILVA EKAPUTRA UTAMA; YANTO SANTOSA; BURHANUDDIN MASYUD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250526

Abstract

Abstract. Utama SE, Santosa Y, Masyud B. 2024. The supply chain of Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) utilization in cobra satay businesses in Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2086-2092. One frequently utilized reptile is the Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix). Apart from Indonesia, countries that utilize cobras are China and India. One form of actual utilization for the community's economy from cobra utilization is the cobra satay business. The high economic potential threatens the cobra population in the wild. Moreover, trade in the supply chain can have a negative impact ecologically and economically, so it is necessary to approach the supply chain of the cobra business to understand the cobra supply chain, considering the roles of participants, distribution processes, the number and specifications of cobras utilized, the source of cobras, and the incurred losses within the supply chain. This research was conducted using the snowball sampling method, with in-depth interviews. Interviews with vendor were conducted at their shops in Jakarta, and interviews with agent and collector were conducted at their homes in Karawang. It enabled the identification of the supply chain of the cobra satay business consisting of vendor in Jakarta and collectors, agents, and hunters in Karawang. The data collected were the number, specifications, and prices of each supply chain link, as well as the form of cobra utilization from traders. An estimated ±1,560 cobras are used in the cobra satay business annually, with a minimum total length of 70 cm for the cobras. The results showed that the percentage of dead cobras in the supply chain was 5%-35%, which resulted in a reduction in income of Rp25,000 - Rp125,000 for agents, Rp40,000 - Rp240,000 for collector, and Rp200,000 - Rp2,000,000 for vendor.
Antioxidant activity and 1H NMR profiling of leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa from South Kalimantan, Indonesia EVI MINTOWATI KUNTORINI; LILING TRIYASMONO; MARIA DEWI ASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250519

Abstract

Abstract. Kuntorini EM, Triyasmono L, Astuti MD. 2024. Antioxidant activity and 1H NMR profiling of leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa from South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2020-2027. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk is a flowering plant belonging to Myrtaceae, native to southern and southeastern Asia. This study aims to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits ethanol extracts of R. tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk from two locations, namely Banjar and Batola, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The samples included old and young leaves and three stages of fruit maturity, namely green, red, and purple. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the chemical profile of extracts, which comprised organic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. Antioxidant capacity was assessed with DPPH, which showed intensity differences in aromatic shifts in leaves and fruits for both regions. Young leaves and green fruits had higher intensity than old leaves and red and purple fruits, correlating with antioxidant capacity. Analysis of 1H NMR spectra of young and old leaf extracts identified vital metabolites, such as gallic acid, myricetin 3-O-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, as well as syringic acid, in regional chemical shifts of 10.0-6.0 ppm as aromatic compound area. The differences in spectral signal intensity revealed higher metabolite levels, specifically carbohydrates and amino acids, in red and purple fruits. However, green fruits had higher quantities of aromatic compounds.
Phytocomponents analysis and antioxidant activity of Malacca fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica) using three different solvents NAZARUDDIN NAZARUDDIN; ROSMAIDAR ROSMAIDAR; TONGKU N. SIREGAR; SRI WAHYUNI; AMALIA SUTRIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250507

Abstract

Abstract. Nazaruddin, Rosmaidar, Siregar TN, Wahyuni S, Sutriana A. 2024. Phytocomponents analysis and antioxidant activity of Malacca fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica) using three different solvents. Biodiversitas 25: 1911-1919. Malacca plant (Phyllanthus emblica L.) grows widely in Aceh Province, Indonesia representing a wide group of phytochemical components of medicinal usage. This study aims to assess the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds in P. emblica fruit extract, which was extracted by subsequent extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical and GC-MS to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds and measure the radical scavenging using DPPH assay to estimate the antioxidant activity. The results showed that P. emblica fruit extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate contained flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and saponin compounds, while n-hexane extract only contained steroids. The antioxidant activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts was very strong, with IC50 values of 18.81, 20.75, and 31.01 ppm, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the ethanol extract of P. emblica fruit. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the most abundant chemical component in ethanol and ethyl acetate extract was 1, 2, 3 benzenetriol, while in n-hexane extract was eugenol. Based on bioactive components and antioxidant activity, ethanol is suggested as the optimal solvent to gain a high content of polyphenols and flavonoids as well as high antioxidants from P. emblica fruit for utilization in pharmacognosy.

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