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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 55 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 25 no. 8 (2024)" : 55 Documents clear
Probiotic candidates of lactic acid bacteria from fermented food cincalok and tempoyak from Kalimantan, Indonesia RETNO MURWANI; REFA ANGGRAENI; AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250843

Abstract

Abstract. Murwani R, Anggraeni R, Ambariyanto A. 2024. Probiotic candidates of lactic acid bacteria from fermented food cincalok and tempoyak from Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2705-2712. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belong to beneficial bacteria with the potential as probiotics to prevent pathogenic bacterial infections, improving digestive enzyme activity and the immune system. The objective of this research was to determine the probiotic potential of five lactic acid bacterial species isolated from fermented foods and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against pathogenic Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus nepalensis. The gastric simulation test results showed a significant decrease in all five LAB isolates from 109 to 108 CFU/mL (P<0.05). Subsequent intestinal simulation decreased the number of Levilactobacillus brevis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum numbers from 108 to 107 CFU/mL (P<0.05), which remains high. All five bacterial strains were found negative for the DNase test. In the hemolytic test, only Enterococcus faecalis and Pisciglobus halotolerans lysed red blood cells but not Tetragenococcus halophilus, L. brevis, and L. plantarum. In conclusion, T. halophilus, L. brevis, and L. plantarum were promising probiotic candidates. Further in vivo studies are necessary to test the probiotic effect of these three LAB strains.
Morpho-anatomical characteristics, phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Sargassum polycystum collected along the southern coast of Java, Indonesia MARIA DYAH NUR MEINITA; RISKI YULIA; MUHAMMAD NURSID; NUNUK ARIES NURULITA; DICKY HARWANTO; RIVIANI RIVIANI; RIYANTI RIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250840

Abstract

Abstract. Meinita MDN, Yulia R, Nursid M, Nurulita NA, Harwanto D, Riviani, Riyanti. 2024. Morpho-anatomical characteristics, phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Sargassum polycystum collected along the south coast of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2669-2681. The southern coast of Java is one of the coastal areas in Indonesia with a high abundance of seaweed. Sargassum polycystum, a brown marine macroalga that is abundant in southern coast of Java, contains high secondary metabolites and exhibits promising potential as an antibacterial agent. There is lack of comprehensive study on morpho-anatomical characteristic and bioactivity of S. polycystum. Hence, this study investigated the morpho-anatomical characteristics, phytochemical compound content, and antibacterial activity of S. polycystum collected from three different beaches along the southern coast of Java Island against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Micrococcus luteus, and Escherichia coli. Specimen collection was done using purposive random sampling along southern coast of Java Island, followed by descriptive exploratory of morpho-anatomical characteristic, extraction, phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity assay. Maceration with methanol solvent during 48 hours was used for extraction. The phytochemical analysis employed a qualitative descriptive method, while the antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The morpho-anatomical characteristics observed of S. polycystum include the characteristic of a rough-textured stipe, round tapered serrated blade, small disc-shaped holdfast, alternate pinnate branching, cell wall, vacuole and cytoplasm. The morphology and anatomy of S. polycystum particularly the thallus and blade structure are strongly impacted by the environmental condition of southern coast of Java. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids in S. polycystum extract. Antibacterial assay demonstrated a medium to strong antibacterial activity against B. megaterium with bacteriostatic properties, strong to very strong antibacterial activity against M. luteus, and weak antibacterial activity against E. coli. Future research is required to examine how environmental conditions affect the composition and concentration of phytochemical compounds in S. polycystum.
Morphology of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) in the Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN; MARZHAVIRA AZLIKA KHRISNAN; JOKO KUSMORO; JOHAN ISKANDAR; RULY BUDIONO; MADIHAH MADIHAH; MOHAMAD NURZAMAN; TIA SETIAWATI; RUSDI RUSDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250838

Abstract

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Khrisnan MA, Kusmoro J, Iskandar J, Budiono R, Madihah, Nurzaman M, Setiawati T, Rusdi. 2024. Morphology of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) in the Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2656-2662. The porang plant (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a plant from the Araceae family that grows widely in various regions in Indonesia, including West Java Province. The porang plant contains various compounds, especially glucomannan, which can be used as food, cosmetics, medicines, etc., making it a prospective agricultural commodity widely cultivated by farmers. Like other plants, the characteristics of the porang plant are dependent on the environmental growing conditions. This research aims to determine the morphological characteristics of porang plants in several locations under various growing environments in the Citarum watershed, West Java Province. This research makes use of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sampling technique was exploratory, with observation and interviews as additional data sources. Exploration was carried out to find the growing porang locations. Observations were carried out to observe or record the morphological characteristics and growing environment of porang. Interviews were conducted with competent community groups regarding the porang plant, such as farmers, to enrich information, especially regarding morphology and the growing environment. The research shows that porang are found in several locations, including the Citarum watershed. Unfortunately, this research observed intensively porang grown in Soreang Sub-district, Bandung District, Cipatat Sub-district, West Bandung District, and East Cikalong Sub-district, West Bandung District. Furthermore, specific observations of porang showed morphological differences in different growing environments in several locations, such as differences in light intensity, temperature, and soil pH.
Phylogenetic analysis of wild bananas (Musa spp.) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, based on maturase K (matK) genes HAYATUL FAJRI; ARI SUNANDAR; MAHWAR QURBANIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250833

Abstract

Abstract. Fajri H, Sunandar A, Qurbaniah M. 2024. Phylogenetic analysis of wild bananas (Musa spp.) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, based on maturase K (matK) genes. Biodiversitas 25: 2612-2618. West Kalimantan is home to wild bananas (Musa spp.). Genetic assessment of wild banana relatives is important for future breeding purposes. This study aims to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of wild banana species in West Kalimantan based on maturase K (matK) gene sequence data to understand better the relationship among wild banana species in West Kalimantan. A total of 30 samples, including 23 matK sequences from GenBank, were used. Species of Heliconia schiedeana were incorporated as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm in MEGA 11 application. The size of PCR-amplified matK is estimated at 540-561 bp. It showed high variability with conservation level A+T, with an average value was 66.26%. Some unique nucleotides were found in Musa acuminata subsp. microcarpa, Musa campestris, and Musa borneensis. The matK sequences of Musa spp. have a polymorphic site on 23 nucleotide numbers. The phylogenetic analysis with ML algorithm of 30 Musa spp. from West Kalimantan and GenBank data was successfully divided into two main cladesbootstrap value. Our study showed that matK genes are able to describe the differences in M. acuminata, M. campestris, and M. borneensis in West Kalimantan. This study will benefit taxonomic, genetic conservation strategy, and banana breeding efforts. It will provide valuable insights and tools for these fields, thereby contributing to the conservation and breeding of bananas.
The influence of different substrate types on the diversity of macrofouling organisms at the submerged coastal ecosystem of Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia SAPTO PURNOMO PUTRO; MUHAMAD DAFIQ AL HAQI; FUAD MUHAMMAD; RICHE HARIYATI; M. HELMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250810

Abstract

Abstract. Putro SP, Haqi MDA, Muhammad F, Hariyati R, Helmi M. 2024. The influence of different substrate types on the diversity of macrofouling organisms at the submerged coastal ecosystem of Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3394-3400. Colonizing fouling organisms exhibit taxonomic diversity and distribution in response to environmental variability of the submerged marine ecosystem. This study compares macrofouling organisms found on various substrate types at Menjangan Besar Island, Karimunjawa, Central Java, Indonesia which were varied from coarse to smooth surfaces in the water column. The consisted of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) cage framework (3 stations) and lower part of a wooden ship hull are the smooth ones (3 stations), and concrete block at the Menjangan Besar Island dock is the coarse ones (3 stations). Sampling of macrofouling organisms was collected from the substrate within 0.25 m2 area at each station with the purposive random sampling method. Identification of macrofouling organisms was done under Canon MZ25 stereomicroscope. We identified 15 species from 7 classes from Menjangan Besar Island. The most dominant species on concrete blocks was Septifer sp. (96 ind.m-2), on the ship’s hull was Littoraria sp. (416 ind.m-2), and on the cage framework was Crassostrea angulata Thunberg 1793 (240 ind.m-2). The diversity index (H’) of fouling organisms ranged from 0.69 to 1.82, while the evenness index (e) ranged from 0.25 to 0.67, and the dominance index (C) ranged from 0.24 to 0.51. Differences in index values are likely due to factors related to food source distribution and substrate types. Salinity, temperature, and turbidity were the physical-chemical water parameters significantly affecting fouling organism distribution (BIO-ENV, Primer 6.1.5; Corr. value (r)=0.722). Anthropogenic activities such as aquaculture, fishing and tourism in the area are suspected to influence hydrodynamic changes, subsequently affecting the fouling organism attachment and colonization processes, especially organic matter generated from marine culture activities.
The diversity of Sargassum spp. from the south coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, based on morphological characters and DNA Barcoding ITS2 nrDNA MEGA TRI SARASWATI; RATIH IDA ADHARINI; EKO HARDIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250846

Abstract

Abstract. Saraswati M, Adharini RI, Hardianto E. 2024. The diversity of Sargassum spp. from the south coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, based on morphological characters and DNA Barcoding ITS2 nrDNA. Biodiversitas 25: 2733-2739. The genus Sargassum grows abundantly on the south coast of Yogyakarta, but diversity of species in the genus has not been reported. This research aimed to determine the diversity of the genus Sargassum based on morphological characters and molecular analysis. Several samples were collected from two beaches on the south coast of Yogyakarta, namely Trenggole and Wediombo Beach. After observing the morphological characters, five individuals that have morphological differences were found and continued for molecular identification. The morphological analysis showed a characteristic of greenish-brown color, clear phylloids with serrated edges, and rounded vesicles. The results of DNA barcoding identification of Sargassum in Trenggole Beach were highly similar at 99.67% to Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C.Agardh (MG731834.1), 99.68% to Sargassum yinggehaiense Tseng and Lu (KP101256.1), and 98.99% to Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh (MG731836.1). Whereas at Wediombo Beach were highly similar at 99.68% to S. yinggehaiense (KP101256.1) and 99.67% to S. aquifolium (MG731834.1). Based on phylogenetic analysis, the species were separated impacting the biodiversity of the genus Sargassum in the south coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Environmental factors might influence the morphotype, biodiversity, genetic diversity, and distribution of Sargassum spp. The results described herein provide a foundation for developing better conservation strategies for the target species in the future.
Insects found in different ages of coconut viridis variety in Sri Tiga Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia ERISE ANGGRAINI; TESSIA MASNITA SINAGA; CHANDRA IRSAN; SITI HERLINDA; AHMAD MUSLIM; HARMAN HAMIDSON; MARLIN SEFRILA; ASTUTI KURNIANINGSIH; DESI ARYANI; MIRZA ANTONI; ZAHLUL IKHSAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250836

Abstract

Abstract. Anggraini E, Sinaga TM, Irsan C, Herlinda S, Muslim A, Hamidson H, Sefrila M, Kurnianingsih A, Aryani D, Antoni M, Ikhsan Z. 2024. Insects found in different ages of coconut viridis variety in Sri Tiga Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2637-2647. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a high-value export commodity and has promising potential on the global market. The existence of insect species is very important in coconut cultivation. The coexistence of insects and plants is interconnected because plants provide habitat and food sources for insects. However, the correlation between plants and insects still needs to be discovered to many people. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of insect biodiversity in an environment is important to be carried out. This study revealed the structure of the insect community associated with coconut plants and weeds around coconut trees. Therefore, this is a novel and pioneering study that aims to determine the insects associated with coconut plants. This study was conducted by surveying community-owned coconut plantations in Sri Tiga Village, Sumber Marga Telang Sub-district, Banyuasin District, South Sumatera, Indonesia. The observation was carried out during July and September of 2023. The data-gathering process involved identifying three coconut plantations with varying ages of coconut trees (8, 5, and 2 years old). Data collection was carried out using the purposive sampling method by direct observations and using traps such as insect nets, light traps, and pheromone traps. Collected specimens were identified using a microscope in the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya. The results of this study found 12 insect species in coconut trees, namely Oryctes rhinoceros Linnaeus 1758, Aspidiotus sp., Nipaecoccus nipae Maskell 1893, Aleurocanthus sp., Apis cerana Fabricius 1793, Cotesia congregata Say 1836, Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith 1860, Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricus 1775, Provespa sp., Pteroma pendula de Joannis 1929, Metura sp., Metisa plana Walker 1883. The predominant insect pests identified were Aspidiotus sp., N. nipae, and Aleurocanthus sp. Furthermore, the most predominant insects that served as insect scavengers were Polyrhachis sp. and O. smaragdina. Meanwhile, in the weeds around coconut trees, there were found six insect species, namely Aulacophora lewisii Baly 1866, Eumorphus westwoodi Guérin 1858, Mactrotermes sp., Conocephalus sp., Dianemobius sp., and Tettigidea sp.
Bacterial diversity in different growing mediums of oil palm seedlings associated with potassium use efficiency SRI WENING; RETNO DIAH SETIOWATI; DIAN RAHMA PRATIWI; IKHWAN FADLI PANGARIBUAN; EKO NOVIANDI GINTING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250809

Abstract

Abstract. Wening S, Setiowati RD, Pratiwi DR, Pangaribuan IF, Ginting EN. Bacterial diversity in different growing mediums of oil palm seedlings associated with potassium use efficiency. Biodiversitas 25: 3386-3393. Plant genotype, environmental conditions, and agronomical practices influence nutrient use efficiency. Understanding whether specific microbial communities support the nutrient use efficiency of specific genotypes is very important. This study aimed to understand the bacterial diversity in three different growing mediums of oil palm seedlings with potassium-use efficient characters. The three kinds of medium were medium 1 (sandy soil, recommended dose of fertilizer except for potassium (75% of a recommended dose of potassium)); medium 2 (sandy soil, recommended dose of fertilizer except for potassium (0% of potassium)); and medium 3 (topsoil, recommended dose of fertilizer at five months after planting). A metagenomic approach was conducted using a long-read sequencing platform, allowing the full-length 16S rRNA gene to be sequenced. The alpha diversity analysis showed that medium 3 had the most identified species, while medium 2 had the lowest. Based on the relative abundance, Lactobacillus helveticus was the most abundant species, and Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in medium 1. Ralstonia pickettii was the most abundant species, and Dyella was the most abundant genus in medium 2. For medium 3, Chujaibacter soli was the most abundant species that dominated the bacteria community, and Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus. These findings were related to the bacteria's function in the respective medium for plant nutrient uptake or utilization. The number of shared species between medium 1 and medium 3 was the highest compared to other medium compositions. It suggested the specific relationship of the potassium-use efficient seedling with the characteristic of the growing medium and the most abundant species or genus of bacteria found. Further research is needed to understand the interactions and influences of bacteria and other microorganisms in the mediums, and the specific genus or species found in potassium-use efficient oil palm seedling mediums.
Novel exploration of the presence and morphological features Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia RYANKA EDILA; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; LUCIA TRI SUWANTI; HYUCK-KEUN KWON; NNABUIFE BERNARD AGUMAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250803

Abstract

Abstract. Edila R, Effendi MH, Suwanti LT, Kwon H-K, Agumah NB. 2024. Novel exploration of the presence and morphological features Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3318-3324. The study aimed to investigate the presence of spargana infection and provide a detailed description of the morphology, morphometry and histology in Javan spitting cobra snakes (Naja sputatrix Boie 1827) from Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Ethical approval was obtained and 51 living wild-caught N. sputatrix were collected from local sellers. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of plerocercoid. Identification of the plerocercoid as the larval infective stage was made using a carmine staining method drawn by using a camera lucida and routine histological study using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The positive rate of snakes in this study was 54.9%. A total of 165 spargana were collected which divided 82(49.6%) infecting muscles, 31 (16.7%) in viscera and 52 (31.5%) located in subcutaneous tissues. The plerocercoid length and width were 50-95 mm and 1.42-1.81 mm. Morphological analysis confirmed Spirometra characteristics and histological sections provided insights into spargana's structural complexity. This study represents the first detailed exploration of the morphological features, morphometry, and histology of Spirometra plerocercoids in Indonesia. The high prevalence of spargana in N. sputatrix underscores the importance of improving epidemiological databases, stringent wildlife trade regulations, and awareness programs to prevent sparganosis in Indonesia.
The investigation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the productivity of various Sorghum bicolor varieties EKA HANDAYANTA; FAROUQ HEIDAR BARIDO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250850

Abstract

Abstract. Handayanta E, Barido FH, Samanhudi. 2024. The investigation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the productivity of various Sorghum bicolor varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 2763-2768. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a unique cereal crop characterized by its regenerative capacity post-harvest, with varieties including Super, Suri, Numbu, and Keller. This investigation sought to elucidate the impact of varying fertilizer levels on the forage productivity of these sorghum varieties. The experiment employed was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 4×5 factorial arrangement and three replications. The first factor comprised the sorghum varieties (V1 = Super, V2 = Suri, V3 = Numbu, V4 = Keller), while the second factor pertained to the levels of NPK fertilizer (P0 = 0 kg/ha, P1 = 173 kg/ha, P2 = 346 kg/ha, P3 = 519 kg/ha, P4 = 692 kg/ha). Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study concluded that while there was no interaction between the sorghum variety and NPK fertilization levels, the sorghum variety significantly influenced (P<0.05) protein and crude fat production but not dry matter and crude fiber production (P>0.05). The NPK fertilization levels significantly affected (P<0.05) the production of dry matter, protein, fat, and crude fiber. The study deduced that a 692 kg/ha fertilization dose yielded the highest dry matter, protein content, crude fat, and crude fiber production.

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