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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 26 no. 4 (2025)" : 50 Documents clear
Molecular identification of peacock bass (Cichla ocellaris) from the Bedog River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia SAPTO ANDRIYONO; HIMAWAN AKHMAD; MD. JOBAIDUL ALAM; NINA NURMAULINA DEWI; LAILATUL LUTFIYAH; SUCIYONO SUCIYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260408

Abstract

Abstract. Andriyono S, Akhmad H, Alam MJ, Dewi NN, Lutfiyah L, Suciyono. 2025. Molecular identification of peacock bass (Cichla ocellaris) from the Bedog River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1565-1572. The introduction of non-native fish species can lead to the establishment of invasive species groups that pose environmental threats and contribute to biodiversity loss. The primary aim of this study was the precise molecular identification of specific Cichla spp. from the Bedog River in Yogyakarta. Seven Cichla fish samples were collected from the Bedog River (upstream and downstream area) from August to October 2020 using a fish net. The cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region serves as the basis for species identification, with comparisons made against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. In this study, the primers used in PCR were Universal Fish BCL-BCH primers. The PCR results were followed by sequencing using the Sanger platform. Of the seven samples procured from the Bedog River, all unequivocally indicated the presence of the Cichla species, identified explicitly as Cichla ocellaris (99.68-100% similarity to reference NC030272). Furthermore, upon phylogenetic tree construction, these sequences consistently clustered with C. ocellaris and Cichla temensis sequences. Nevertheless, discerning characteristics of the color pattern align more closely with C. ocellaris. The identification of non-native species in the Bedog River underscores the imperative for vigilant monitoring of fish introductions to avert potential harm to indigenous fish populations. The predatory nature of C. ocellaris raises concerns about its capacity to exert pressure on local fish populations, potentially culminating in its invasive establishment—a phenomenon with deleterious implications for tropical fish biodiversity in Indonesia. DNA Barcode applications are essential in supporting the provision of accurate data and in preventing the illegal spread of non-native fish.
Proximate and phytochemical analysis of Acanthus ilicifolius hot water extract from three different growing locations RIDWANTI BATUBARA; T. ISMANELLY HANUM; ODING AFFANDI; MIMI NURMINAH; INA WINARNI; SALEHA HANNUM; ORYZA YULIA YASMIN; SHAFIRA CHAIRUNNISA CHERY; AFIFUDDIN DALIMUNTE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260415

Abstract

Abstract. Batubara R, Hanum TI, Affandi O, Nurminah M, Winarni I, Hannum S, Yasmin OY, Chery SC, Dalimunte A. 2025. Proximate and phytochemical analysis of Acanthus ilicifolius hot water extract from three different growing locations. Biodiversitas 26: 1641-1651. Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) is a tide-dependent plant and often obtains more freshwater supply. The chemical composition of this plant needs to be explored so that consumers can obtain the required information, particularly regarding the use of A. ilicifolius hot water extract. Therefore, this research aimed to determine proximate and phytochemical content of A. ilicifolius from three different growing locations. Proximate analysis was carried out by testing water, ash, fat, and protein composition, while phytochemical tests and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) were used to determine the number and names of chemical compounds, respectively. The results showed that ash, fat, and protein composition of A. ilicifolius from the three sample locations were not statistically different. Based on SNI 3945-2016 and SNI 01-4453-1998, water content met the standard of 2.11-7.47%, while ash content did not fulfill the requirement of 0.56-0.59%. Fat and protein content ranging from 8.58 to 10.22% and 19 to 19.95% had no standard specification. Phytochemical test results of hot water extract showed that the compounds from the three sample locations were the same, including flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. Based on GC-MS, the main compound in hot water extract of A. ilicifolius sampled from Pasar Rawa Village was 2(3H)-Benzoxazolone. In comparison, the main compounds from Percut Village and Paya Pasir Village were found to be dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanediol ester, and dodecyl palmitate.
Abundance of fungi on rice straw compost and husk biochars by in-vitro heavy metals mycosorbent NURUL PUSPITA PALUPI; RORO KESUMANINGWATI; ARYA BAYA SRIPATI; ESTI HANDAYANI HARDI; FAHRUNSYAH FAHRUNSYAH; DWI ERMAWATI RAHAYU; RUDY AGUNG NUGROHO; SURYA DARMA; SURIA DARMA IDRIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260447

Abstract

Abstract. Palupi NP, Kesumaningwati R, Sripati AB, Hardi EH, Fahrunsyah, Rahayu DE, Nugroho RA, Darma S, Idris SD. 2025. Abundance of fungi on rice straw compost and husk biochars by in-vitro heavy metals mycosorbent. Biodiversitas 26: 1983-1990. In Samarinda, all paddy fields are contaminated by heavy metals with concentrations exceeding the critical threshold and has disrupted human health and worsened the quality of the agroecosystem of rice fields. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of compost and biochar application in absorbing heavy metals in paddy field soil in Samarinda. The research method involves the application of compost, biochar, and their combination on paddy field soil contaminated with heavy metals using incubation experiment with 5 treatments and 4 replications, completely randomized design, and measured parameters (pH, Fe, Zn Cd, and Aspergillus niger). The results indicate that the use of compost significantly increases the population of A. niger and reduces the concentration of heavy metals such as Fe, Zn, and Cd in the soil. On the other hand, biochar has also proven effective in reducing the content of heavy metals, supported by its high adsorption capacity. The combination of compost and biochar shows better results compared to individual applications, indicating synergy between organic nutrients and adsorption capabilities. The correlation between the population of A. niger and heavy metals demonstrates a significant relationship, confirming the role of microbes in soil bioremediation. The practical implication of this research underscores the importance of organic fertilizer use in reducing heavy metal contamination, supporting sustainable agriculture, and reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals. Future research is recommended to further understand the mechanisms of bioremediation and soil microbe interactions in this context. In conclusion, the application of compost and biochar offers a holistic approach to effectively address heavy metal contamination issues, enhance soil quality, and support environmentally friendly agriculture.
Impact of planting rotations and tree age on insect pests and weeds in balsa plantations of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea MALAGAT BOAS; JOSHUA URIM; KARI SOGERA IAMBA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260413

Abstract

Abstract. Boas M, Urim J, Iamba KS. 2025. Impact of planting rotations and tree age on insect pests and weeds in balsa plantations of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Biodiversitas 26: 1618-1629. Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) is an income-generating tree crop in East New Britain Province (ENB) of Papua New Guinea, and repetitive planting (rotations) on the same piece of land can result in pest and weed incursions. We sampled insects and weeds from three planting rotations: rotation 1, 2, and 3, and across two age groups: 1-9 months and 10-18 months old trees within each rotation. We found that the age of trees did not strongly affect pest abundance. The reason is that most of the pests associated with balsa trees are cocoa pests and were present in the soil before the blocks were cleared for the first planting. However, the planting rotations had a strong effect, suggesting how harvesting and clearing can affect the colonization and establishment of insects. The abundance of insects increased with planting rotations, with most individuals participating in the third rotation. In contrast, the diversity of pests between young trees (1-9 months) did not differ significantly from older trees (10-18 months). Since the plantations studied are generally young (<2 years), leaves are less lignified; therefore, there is lower attractiveness and colonization by insect pests. Weed abundance was strongly associated with planting rotations and tree age. However, neither factor affected the species richness of weeds, hence the diversity. This can be explained by the exotic status of weed species and supported by the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH). Many weed species sampled are invasive and are free from natural enemies. We assume that high pest diversity in rotation two directly responds to the availability of natural vegetation near balsa plantations that provide refugia for insects. This study emphasizes the importance of land use history and how past host plants such as cocoa or coconut can sustain pest load and affect balsa trees. It also provides information on intercrop systems and their impact on pest and weed infestation in balsa plantations. Overall, the findings are relevant to plant protection management.
Harnessing the metabolites from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum for the discovery of eco-friendly antifoulants WALTER BALANSA; RIYANTI RIYANTI; MARIA A. PATRAS; KIRSTEN H. BALANSA; NOVRIYANDI HANIF; FRETS J. RIEUWPASSA; MARGARET HILL; TILL F. SCHÄBERLE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260411

Abstract

Abstract. Balansa W, Riyanti, Patras MA, Balansa KH, Hanif N, Rieuwpassa FJ, Hill M, Schäberle TF. 2025. Harnessing the metabolites from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum for the discovery of eco-friendly antifoulants. Biodiversitas 26: 1590-1606. Marine biofouling remains an unresolved issue in both the maritime industry and the marine environment, demanding the discovery of new eco-friendly antifoulants. This study aimed to evaluate the antifouling potential of the marine sponge, Melophlus sarasinorum (Thiele, 1899), through metabolomic, computational, and field studies. Seven compounds were dereplicated as sarasinosides A1-A3, D, L, M, and M2 (1-7) from extracts of M. sarasinorum from Kawaluso and Mahumu Islands. Molecular docking showed robust binding affinities for 1-7 (-8.2 to -9.6 kcal/mol), rivaling acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, synoxazolidinones A (8) and C (9), commercial antifoulants medetomidine/selektope® (12) and econea® (13) (-9.2, -9.3, -9.5, -9.3 kcal/mol, respectively) as well as the antifouling agents, seanin_211 (10) (-8.9 kcal/mol) and irgarol_1505 (11) (-5.5, -6.5 kcal/mol, respectively). The strong binding affinities of 1-7 suggest possible new allosteric interactions with AChE. The ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in biofouling growth (p<0.05) between nets pre-treated with 1:1, 1:2, or 1:3 sponge powder/epoxy mixture compared to other treatments, as confirmed by a post-hoc Duncan test. Notably, toxicity studies with EPI SuiteTM indicated that 1-7 had more eco-friendly toxicological parameters (i.e., low Log Kow, Log Koc, Biotransformation Half-life, and water solubility) compared to AChE inhibitors and commercial antifouling agents (p<0.05). Our results demonstrate the antifouling activity of sarasinosides (1-7), providing insight into the design of novel, eco-friendly antifoulants that warrant further investigation into their mode of action and optimization.
Diversity of Vachellia nilotica rhizosphere bacteria in the savanna of Baluran National Park, Indonesia and their potential for hydrolytic enzyme production NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH; MOCH. AFFANDI; RICO RAMADHAN; FATIMAH FATIMAH; AGUS SUPRIYANTO; SALAMUN SALAMUN; TRI NURHARIYATI; ALMANDO GERALDI; JUNAIRIAH JUNAIRIAH; JOHAN SETIAWAN; BRIGITA NUR DIYAN AGUSTIANA; ARSY HABI PRIYATAMA; KIRANA ATMANINDYA; DELA DWI ALAWIYAH; ELVIS PERDANA PUTRA; ANA MARIATUL KHIFTIYAH; SILVIA KURNIA SARI; CHRISTOPHER CLEMENT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260425

Abstract

Abstract. Ni’matuzahroh, Affandi M, Ramadhan R, Fatimah, Supriyanto A, Salamun, Nurhariyati T, Geraldi A, Junairiah, Setiawan J, Agustiana BND, Priyatama AH, Atmanindya K, Alawiyah DD, Putra EP, Khiftiyah AM, Sari SK, Clement C. 2025. Diversity of Vachellia nilotica rhizosphere bacteria in the savanna of Baluran National Park, Indonesia and their potential for hydrolytic enzyme production. Biodiversitas 26: 1754-1767. Vachellia nilotica, a leguminous plant introduced to Baluran National Park as a firebreak, is now causing environmental problems due to its invasiveness, which hinders the growth of native plants. Despite significant ecological changes, there is no data regarding the impact of this plant invasion on soil microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of V. nilotica and investigate the bacteria's ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes. The bacterial community was identified using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and a conventional isolation technique. A total of 99,520 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained, encompassing a rich diversity of 4,631 species. These species belonged to four phyla (i) Pseudomonadota; (ii) Actinomycetota; (iii) Bacillota; and (iv) Acidobacteriota. Additionally, 26 isolates were obtained through conventional isolation, and all of them can produce hydrolytic enzymes, including protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase. A total of 9 isolates showed highest proficiency in producing hydrolytic enzymes, of which 8 belonged to the Bacillota phylum and 1 isolate showed similar characteristic with Acidobacteriota phylum. The isolates SAV 2.NA.1.5.6 and SAV 2.NA.2.4.3 exhibited multiple enzyme activities and were classified as Bacillota. The findings indicate that the rhizosphere of V. nilotica contains a high diversity of bacteria, including those capable of producing hydrolytic enzymes. This information can serve as a foundation for managing V. nilotica and promoting sustainable development by leveraging the potential of rhizosphere bacteria in this plant. To our knowledge, no prior research has been conducted on this topic in the savanna area of BNP.
Diversity of fungal species and decomposition of Rhizophora mucronata leaf litter in the Deli Belawan River Estuary, North Sumatra, Indonesia YUNASFI YUNASFI; SRI RUSMAYANTI LUBIS; BUDI UTOMO; AFIFUDDIN DALIMUNTHE; VINANSIA M. SIHOTANG; SEPHIA SEMBIRING; GLOURY ARIZONA SITEPU; JON GANDA MARPAUNG PURBA; RICKSON SILALAHI; IPANNA ENGGAR SUSETYA; AMANATUL FADHILAH; ZULHERI NOER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260414

Abstract

Abstract. Yunasfi, Lubis SR, Utomo B, Dalimunthe A, Sihotang VM, Sembiring S, Sitepu GA, Purba JGM, Silalahi R, Susetya IE, Fadhilah A, Noer Z. 2025. Diversity of fungal species and decomposition of Rhizophora mucronata leaf litter in the Deli Belawan River Estuary, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1631-1640. Rhizophora mucronata is one of the most widely known mangrove species, growing in coastal areas, such as along river estuaries, deltas, and lagoons. This species produces leaf litter that is useful for organisms living in mangrove water after decomposition. The decomposition of R. mucronata leaf litter is often affected by the presence of salinity in seawater including other environmental factors such as pH, humidity, rainfall, temperature, and river current speed. Fungi played an important role in the process of litter decomposition by facilitating the degradation of organic compounds such as cellulose and lignin which are components of leaf cell walls. The aim of this study was to determine the fungal species diversity and decomposition of R. mucronata leaf litter at salinity levels of 0-10 ppt in the Belawan Deli River. The study used 24 bags of 40 × 30 cm litter bags. Fungal isolation was carried out using the dilution method to calculate the number of fungal colonies in R. mucronata leaf litter. Furthermore, the analysis of carbohydrate and protein contents in R. mucronata leaf litter was carried out using the semi-micro method (01-2891-1992 SNI). The results of isolation showed that species of fungi were associated with R. mucronata leaf litter, namely Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. The decomposition rate of R. mucronata leaf litter was 0.018/year. The average percentage of total carbohydrates and proteins was 9.33 and 5.54%, respectively. Based on the outcomes found in this research, the author suggested to conduct research on R. mucronata leaf litter at salinity levels of 11-20 ppt and 21-30 ppt to further observe the diversity of fungal species.
Pollen species resources for Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia SAMSURIZAL M. SULEMAN; MANAP TRIANTO; DIRHAM DIRHAM; LESTARI M. P. ALIBASYAH; HAYYATUN MAWADDAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260401

Abstract

Abstract. Suleman SM, Trianto M, Dirham, Alibasyah LMP, Mawaddah H. 2025. Pollen species resources for Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1503-1510. Pollen represents the microgametophyte generation in seed plants and plays a crucial role in their life cycle. Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.), known for their preference for forage plants with specific aroma and visual characteristics, play a significant role in the pollination process This study aimed to identify the plants producing pollen for carpenter bees in three districts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sampling of carpenter bees was carried out using the roaming method. The pollen samples from each bee leg were prepared using the acetolysis method to clear the pollen walls. Quantitative analysis was performed by counting 200-300 pollen grains in a single slide. Xylocopa confusa collects pollen from a diverse range of plant families, including Asteraceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, and others, while X. latipes relies on a more limited selection. Cocos nucifera serves as the predominant pollen source for both bee species. Additionally, X. confusa utilizes several Important Minor (IM) pollen sources, such as Desmodium adscendens, Euphorbia hirta, and Tetracera scandens, while Minor (M) pollen sources include Ageratum conyzoides, Sphagneticola trilobata, and others. Morphologically, most pollen grains are circular in polar view, with variations in equatorial shape, including prolate, subprolate, and semicircular forms. The highest pollen percentage is recorded for C. nucifera in both bee species.
Community status of giant clam (Tridacnidae) on Bira of Seribu Islands, Indonesia RATNA KOMALA; DIANA VIVANTI SIGIT; EKA PUTRI AZRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260438

Abstract

Abstract. Komala R, Sigit DV, Azrai EP. 2025. Community status of giant clam (Tridacnidae) on Bira of Seribu Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1891-1897. The Tridacnidae family, commonly referred to as giant clams, has a comparatively high ecological and commercial potential but is vulnerable to environmental shifts and human activities. The study aims to identify species of Tridacnidae, ascertain their abundance, diversity, and dominance, and examine the correlation between environmental factors and the population abundance of giant clams on Bira of Seribu Islands, Indonesia. The location of the observation is determined purposefully based on the coral reef existence. Data collection was carried out using the line Transect method, which involves measuring 10 transects over 100 meters from the shore to the reef edge. The Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) sample collection technique was employed at a depth of between 3 and 4.5 meters. The Mantel test was used to examine the relationship between environmental parameters and the abundance of giant clams. In contrast, the abundance, biodiversity, and dominance index formulas were used to interpret the data. The result identified three species of giant clams from the genera Tridacna and Hippopus, with T. maxima showing the highest abundance, followed by T. gigas and H. hippopus. The diversity encompassed the low to middle criteria with low criteria dominance. Environmental parameters remained within a range favorable for the growth of giant clams, but there is no significant correlation between the environmental parameters with the abundance of Tridacnidae.
Implication of microplastic presence in sediment and blood clams Anadara granosa (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Musi Estuary, Indonesia M. AKBAR RAHMAN; ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN; WIKE EKA AYU PUTRI; GUSTI DIANSYAH; MELKI MELKI; ICA DELYA; REDHO YOGA NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260422

Abstract

Abstract. Rahman MA, Rozirwan, Putri WEA, Diansyah G, Melki, Delya I, Nugroho RY. 2025. Implication of microplastic presence in sediment and blood clams Anadara granosa (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Musi Estuary, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1720-1733. Microplastic pollution poses a serious risk to estuarine ecosystems, affecting sediments and benthic species. Blood clams Anadara granosa represent a significant commercial seafood product in Indonesia, including those from the Musi Estuary. This study investigated the risks associated with microplastic contamination in sediments and A. granosa in the Musi Estuary, located in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Sediment samples were extracted using sodium chloride (NaCl, 1.2 g cm-3) and hydrogen peroxide (30% H2O2). In contrast, A. granosa samples were digested with 10% KOH for microplastic extraction. The abundance and shape of microplastics were analyzed from both samples. Pollution risk assessment was conducted through the calculation of the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI), and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). The results revealed the presence of microplastics in sediments, with a mean abundance of 1.31±0.41 particles/g dw, while in A. granosa, it was 21.05±10.31 particles/ind. Both samples exhibited high microplastic bioaccumulation (NPI>2), although the pollution load remained relatively low (minor category, PLI<10). The bioconcentration factor between A. granosa and sediment was determined to be 23.28, indicating that the A. granosa absorbed microplastics present in the sediment. These findings highlight the significant bioaccumulation potential of microplastics in A. granosa within the Musi Estuary. The local community and government need to establish mitigations for future microplastic management efforts.

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