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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 26 no. 7 (2025)" : 50 Documents clear
Association of sago plants with weeds in agroecosystem in Ambon Island, Maluku, Indonesia MUHAMMAD RIADH ULUPUTTY; SAMIN BOTANRI; MARWANYANI KAMSURYA; JAHRA PELU; NURENY GOO; MAIMUNA LA HABI; AMINUDDIN UMASANGADJI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260702

Abstract

Abstract. Uluputty MR, Botanri S, Kamsurya M, Pelu J, Goo N, La Habi M, Umasangadji A. 2025. Association of sago plants with weeds in agroecosystem in Ambon Island, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3105-3112. Sago plays an important role in maintaining food security in some areas in Indonesia, including in Maluku. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge regarding weed species in the context of sago agroecology. The research aims to investigate interspecific association between sago plants and various weed species in sago cultivation ecosystem in Ambon Island, Maluku. Data collection was conducted by establishing 100 observation plots in three sampled areas where sago field occurred. Interspecific association was determined through two stages of analysis, namely determining the presence of association between species simultaneously, and continued by measuring the level of association between paired species. The results of pairwise chi-square analysis show that there is negative association within the same sago species and between three sago species of Metroxylon rumphii, M. longispinum, and M. sylvestre, indicating competition among them. Meanwhile, negative association between sago species and non-sago species occur with two species, namely Nephrolepis exaltata, and Homalomena rubra, suggesting that these two species act as weed in sago agroecology in Ambon Island. The findings of this study emphasize the attention to reducing the competition among sago plants as well as controlling the disturbance from the two weed species to increase sago yield quality and productivity.
Morphology and phytochemical potential of Vaccinium varingiifolium in Mount Lawu, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia EFRI ROZIATY; SANTHYAMI SANTHYAMI; PUTRI AGUSTINA; IMA ARYANI; MUHAMMAD ASYAM FATHIN; SALSA ANIDA RAHMANIA; MUHAMMAD YAHYA NUR SHOLIHIN; DAWUD FA'I SALSABILLA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260712

Abstract

Abstract. Roziaty E, Santhyami, Agustina P, Aryani I, Fathin MA, Rahmania SA, Sholihin MYN, Salsabilla DF. 2025. Morphology and phytochemical potential of Vaccinium varingiifolium in Mount Lawu, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3209-3217. Vaccinium varingiifolium, commonly known as Cantigi, is a subalpine shrub endemic to high-altitude ecosystems above 2,000 meters. Mount Lawu, located in Central Java, Indonesia, represents one of its key habitats. Despite its ecological relevance, the species remains underexplored, particularly in terms of its morphological and phytochemical traits. This study aimed to characterize the morphological features and phytochemical composition of V. varingiifolium to understand its adaptive strategies and ecological role better. A combination of qualitative and quantitative exploratory approaches was employed, using purposive sampling. Morphological assessments, including microscopic examinations, were conducted on stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Phytochemical screening using spectrophotometry targeted secondary metabolites, while ecological observations assessed environmental factors influencing adaptation. Morphological characterization of V. varingiifolium in Lawu Mountains revealed that young leaves are purplish-red, turning green with increased tissue density upon maturation. Stems are brown, globular, and lignified. Flowers are purplish-red, bell-shaped (campanulate), and axillary in position. Fruits are oval (5-6 mm in diameter), transitioning from green to black as they ripen. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins, compounds known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. The plant thrives at elevations of 2,900-3,100 meters, where higher temperatures facilitate rapid regeneration. These findings provide important insights into the morphological adaptations and chemical defenses of V. varingiifolium, supporting conservation initiatives and enriching our understanding of plant survival mechanisms in subalpine environments, particularly in the context of climate change.
Characterization of phytochemicals of Clitorea ternatea and the potention as neuroprotectant to prevent Alzheimer's disease WILDA BUNGA TINA SANJAYA; DEWI RATIH TIRTOSARI; RINI WIDAYANTI; DWI ARIS AGUNG NUGRAHANINGSIH; GOLDA RANI SARAGIH; HEVI WIHADMADYATAMI; DWI LILIEK KUSINDARTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260706

Abstract

Abstract. Sanjaya WBT, Tirtosari DR, Widayanti R, Nugrahaningsih DAA, Saragih GR, Wihadmadyatami H, Kusindarta DL. 2025. Characterization of phytochemicals of Clitorea ternatea and the potention as neuroprotectant to prevent Alzheimer's disease. Biodiversitas 26: 3144-3159. Clitoria ternatea (Fabaceae), known by most as butterfly pea, is a significant medicinal plant recognized for its diverse bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential. The ethanolic extract of C. ternatea blume has shown promising neuroprotective effects, particularly in enhancing memory and reducing behavioural impairments. This plant, especially the section of roots and leaves, is recognized in traditional medicine and has been studied for its potential in treating neurodegenerative conditions. Meanwhile, there's still a lack of information for the therapeutic activities of its blume. Consequently, it is necessary to characterize the phytochemical compound of C. ternatea blume ethanolic extract to determine the neuroprotective potential. The phytochemical compounds were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), in silico molecular docking, and proliferation evaluation using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on TMT-induced neurotoxicity Pheochromocytoma rat cell (PC-12). The result presented total phenol (12.28%b/b), total tannin (10.39%b/b), total flavonoid (4.54%b/b), total saponin (1.2%b/b), total steroids (8,019.81 µg/mL), total alkaloids (617.9 µg/mL), 33 active phytochemical constituents with palmitic acid composition reaching 17%, strong appearance displays in many functional groups including hydroxy compound, unsaturated/aromatic compound, saturated aliphatic (alkene/alkyl), skeletal C-C vibrations, and ether compound, in silico molecular docking shows that palmitic acid inhibits the accumulation of ?-amyloid, and C. ternatea reaches the optimum dose-dependent level of PC-12 cell proliferation at 31.25 µg/mL. Based on the results, C. ternatea ethanolic extract has significant potential as a neuroprotectant.
Assessment of fungal contamination in dangke, a traditional cheese product from small-scale producers in Enrekang, South Sulawesi SETIAWAN PUTRA SYAH; MIRNAWATI B. SUDARWANTO; IDWAN SUDIRMAN; ANDI NURUL MUKHLISAH; WENY DWI NINGTYAS; MUHAMMAD IRFAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260724

Abstract

Abstract. Syah SP, Sudarwanto MB, Sudirman I, Mukhlisah AN, Ningtyas WD, Irfan M. 2025. Assessment of fungal contamination in dangke, a traditional cheese product from small-scale producers in Enrekang, South Sulawesi. Biodiversitas 26: 3324-3333. Dangke is a traditional soft cheese produced in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, using household-scale methods that can pose significant food safety risks due to inadequate hygiene practices. This study assessed the level and diversity of fungal contamination in dangke collected from small-scale producers across Enrekang Regency. A total of 20 samples were collected aseptically and analyzed using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. The results showed that the average fungal count was 5.2 × 10? CFU/g, which greatly exceeded the maximum acceptable limit for solid dairy products (10 CFU/g) according to Codex Alimentarius guidelines. Phenotypic identification revealed the presence of both yeasts (75%) and molds (25%), with nine fungal genera detected. Candida sp. was the dominant genus (30%), followed by Saccharomyces sp. (16%), Geotrichum sp. (11%), Microsporum sp. (13%), Cladosporium sp. (9%), Penicillium sp. (9%), Aspergillus sp. (6%), Rodotorula sp. (5%), and Fusarium sp. (2%). Several of these genera, such as Aspergillus and Fusarium, are known producers of mycotoxins that pose potential health risks. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved hygiene practices, proper handling, and better storage conditions in traditional dangke production to reduce fungal contamination and ensure product safety for consumers.
Rhizobacteria profiling of endemic aromatic rice Pulu Mandoti from Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia through shotgun metagenomic ANDI MASNIAWATI; BASO MANGUNTUNGI; MUHAMMAD RUSLAN UMAR; NURHIKMAH NURHIKMAH; ARLINDA PUSPITA SARI; ANNISA SURYASETYA SALSABILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260709

Abstract

Abstract. Masniawati A, Manguntungi B, Umar MR, Nurhikmah, Sari AP, Salsabila AS. 2025. Rhizobacteria profiling of endemic aromatic rice Pulu Mandoti from Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia through shotgun metagenomic. Biodiversitas 26: 3183-3192. Pulu Mandoti is an indigenous rice with a unique aroma, texture, and cultural significance in local communities. The rhizosphere microbial community plays a pivotal role in supporting its growth, nutrient cycling, and stress resilience. Understanding the microbial diversity associated with Pulu Mandoti rice is essential for developing strategies to improve its cultivation and conservation. Therefore, this research aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of rhizobacteria profile of Pulu Mandoti through shotgun metagenomic. The research methods include soil analysis, DNA extraction, and shotgun metagenomic analysis. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing reported a diverse microbial community dominated by bacteria, with Proteobacteria (42%) as the most abundant phyla, and Alphaproteobacteria (15%) in the class. In the family level, Anaeromyxobacteraceae and Bradyrhisobiaceae were particularly abundant. The genus Bradyrhizobium within Bradyrhisobiaceae showed the highest richness, with 97 species. Anaeromyxobacter, such as Singulisphaera and Rhodoplanes dominated the species at 66% and 83%, respectively. This microbial profiling showed the intricate relationship between Pulu Mandoti rice and the rhizospheric microbiome, emphasizing the role of microbial diversity in supporting growth and resilience. It’s essential for offering potential applications for sustainable agriculture and crop optimization.
The potential of local Bacillus sp. BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2 as biocontrol agents against the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum TRI NURHARIYATI; SALAMUN SALAMUN; AGUS SUPRIYANTO; TIMOTHY BAGASDO MATATIAS SINURAT; FIKA YULIANA; ALMANDO GERALDI; INTAN AYU PRATIWI; FARAH AISYAH NAFIDIASTRI; MAHDI IZZUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260719

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhariyati T, Salamun, Supriyanto A, Sinurat TBM, Yuliana F, Geraldi A, Pratiwi IA, Nafidiastri FA, Izzuddin M. 2025. The potential of local Bacillus sp. BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2 as biocontrol agents against the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Biodiversitas 26: 3273-3280. Plant-pathogenic fungi can cause horticultural wilt disease. Some Bacillus species exhibit antifungal activity against plant pathogens. This study aimed to examine the effects of several indigenous Bacillus species on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The research was conducted experimentally using a 5x6 factorial design. The first factor was isolate variation, consisting of Bacillus subtilis BK7.1, Bacillus mojavensis EG6.4, Bacillus velezensis LSD4.2, a negative control (C-), and a positive control (C+). The second factor was incubation time (contact time) at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th days.  This study tested the antifungal activity of Bacillus isolates and controls against F. oxysporum using the pour plate method. The growth of the pathogenic fungus was measured based on the diameter of the growth area of F. oxysporum. Antagonistic testing was conducted to determine whether the three isolates could be combined in a biofungicide consortium. Antifungal activity test results revealed that all isolates (BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2) effectively inhibited the growth rate of F. oxysporum. Variations in isolate type, incubation time, and combinations significantly affected the inhibition of F. oxysporum growth. The antagonistic activity test yielded negative results. Therefore, isolates BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2 will be developed as biofungicide candidates for the biocontrol of plant-pathogenic fungi.
Bioprospecting and molecular identification of Streptomyces on karst ecosystems in the coastal area of Gorontalo, Indonesia, as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YULIANA RETNOWATI; ABUBAKAR SIDIK KATILI; NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260721

Abstract

Abstract. Retnowati Y, Katili AS, Kandowangko NY. 2025. Bioprospecting and molecular identification of Streptomyces on karst ecosystems in the coastal area of Gorontalo, Indonesia, as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Biodiversitas 26: 3294-3301. Agricultural systems that rely on synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and monoculture farming systems contribute to declining soil fertility and affect the soil microbial community. In contrast, organic farming systems incorporate Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a potential solution. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prospecting of Streptomyces from the rhizosphere of plants in the karst ecosystem PGPR on the coastal area of Gorontalo by using a molecular approach to identify promising strains. The success of this study in isolating and identifying three promising Streptomyces strains is a testament to the robustness of this study. Soil sampling was conducted at three locations at a 15-30 cm depth. The PGPR potential of Streptomyces was determined based on phosphate-solubilizing activity, Indole acetic acid production, antagonism to the root pathogenic fungus, and tolerance to fungicide capability. This study successfully isolated three Streptomyces from Jatropha curcas rhizosphere. In line with these findings, 16S rRNA sequencing showed the affinity of the strain to the genus Streptomyces on 98.39 to 99.65% of homology, including Streptomyces sp. strain KRJc-01, Streptomyces rochei strain KRJc-02, and Streptomyces pratensis strain KRJc-03. The initial in vitro assay showed the potential ability of Streptomyces sp. in phosphate-solubilizing activity, indole acetic acid production, antagonistic against root-pathogenic fungi, and fungicide tolerance capability. Antagonistic activity against the root-pathogenic fungus of Fusarium oxysporum is supported by PKSs and NRPS gene cluster. In general, these findings suggest that Streptomyces sp. from the rhizosphere of plants in the karst ecosystem within Gorontalo has significant potential as PGPR, contributing to sustainable crop improvement.
Flowering, fruit set and breeding systems of Habenaria janellehayneana and H. rhodocheila in Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Thailand THEERA THUMMAVONSA; CHUTHAPOND MUSIMUN; SANTI WATTHANA; NOODUAN MUANGSAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260716

Abstract

Abstract. Thummavonsa T, Musimun C, Watthana S, Muangsan N. 2025. Flowering, fruit set and breeding systems of Habenaria janellehayneana and H. rhodocheila in Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 3246-3251. Reproductive biology studies are important information for orchids conservation in natural habitats, especially ones which have high potential for economic use. Over-collection is a main threat of orchid species with economic value. Moreover, the reduction of the habitat and climate change may result in population decline or extinction. Fruit set data is a preliminary evaluating the population survival, valuable for population conservation. This study aimed to examine flowering, natural fruit set and breeding systems of Habenaria janellehayneana and H. rhodocheila, attractive terrestrial orchids for pot plants, in Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Phitsanulok Province, Northern Thailand to collect basic information for in situ conservation. Two studied plots, 50x50 m plots of each species, were established to investigate the flowering and fruit set. Three experiments of hand-pollination, untouched, self- and cross-pollination were performed to compare with natural pollination to determine the breeding systems. Leaf length and shoot length showed no correlation with fruit set (r<0.5), while the number of flowers per inflorescence was slightly correlated (r=0.6). This result indicates that plant size is not a factor for fruit production, but the number of flowers per inflorescence is likely to be the factor to attract the pollinator. Natural fruit set is notably high in both species as they are nectar-rewarding species. Both species exhibited genetically self-incompatibility and non-autogamous but required pollinators for successful reproduction. Habenaria janellehayneana is firstly reported on its breeding system and fruit set, exhibiting as the main traits of the genus Habenaria. Moderately high number of fruit set in both species indicated that no pollinator scarcity. Maintaining the ecosystem of their habitat is necessary for conserve these orchid populations.
Short Communication: Prediction of body weight using morphometric measurements in Creole goats from Peru MIGUEL PAREDES-CHOCCE; EMMANUEL SESSAREGO; LUCINDA TAFUR; VICTOR TEMOCHE; JORGE SALINAS; IRENE ACOSTA; JOSE RUIZ; JUANCARLOS CRUZ; FRITZ TRILLO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260710

Abstract

Abstract. Paredes-Chocce M, Sessarego E, Tafur L, Temoche V, Salinas J, Acosta I, Ruiz J, Cruz J, Trillo F. 2025. Short Communication: Prediction of body weight using morphometric measurements in Creole goats from Peru. Biodiversitas 26: 3193-3198. Goats are an important component of smallholder family farms along the coast and highlands of Peru. The weight of an animal is an important indicator of the production and economy of farmers in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive models for Body Weight (BW) using Morphometric Measurements (MM) of Creole goats (Capra hircus) in Perú. BW and five MM were collected from 356 goats from the coast and highlands of Peru. Variables were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analysis to select the best model based on the coefficient of determination (r2), adjusted r2, Residual Standard Error (RSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) using the RStudio statistical software. The highest correlation was found between BW and TG (0.76), followed by RW (0.67), and RH (0.65). The combinations of MM selected as predictors of BW by stepwise regression were TG, RH, and RW, with r2: 0.640. The selected candidate model met all established tests and, upon validation, reached an r2 of 0.66 (p<0.001), indicating that the model can adequately predict the BW of Peruvian Creole goats and serve as a practical tool to support selection programs, feeding strategies, and market decision-making in smallholder systems.
The quality of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) with the addition of Leuconostoc mesenteroides during wet fermentation FERA ROSALIANA; YULIANA RENI SWASTI; EKAWATI PURWIJANTININGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260725

Abstract

Abstract. Rosaliana F, Swasti YR, Purwijantiningsih E. 2025. The quality of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) with the addition of Leuconostoc mesenteroides during wet fermentation. Biodiversitas 26: 3334-3342. Coffee consumption is inseparable from the health benefits of antioxidants in coffee beans. However, coffee contains caffeine, which affects the nervous system, kidneys, and blood vessels. Caffeine content is usually reduced using organic solvents and physical treatment. However, caffeine reduction using microorganisms, such as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), is underexplored. This research aimed to improve the quality of robusta coffee by increasing its antioxidant activity and reducing caffeine content by adding Leuconostoc mesenteroides during wet fermentation. L. mesenteroides is a proteolytic bacterium that can degrade caffeine in coffee beans and enhance antioxidant activity. Robusta coffee has a higher caffeine content than Arabica. Therefore, the caffeine content needs to be reduced. The caffeine content was analysed using the HPLC method, and antioxidant activity was conducted using the DPPH method. The experimental design in this study was a completely randomized factorial design with two factors: fermentation time and the addition of L. mesenteroides. Each treatment has 3 replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results show that the average caffeine content of espresso robusta green coffee beans was 1.26-2.19 mg/mL, while that of roasted coffee beans was 2.05-3.04%. Adding L. mesenteroides reduces the caffeine content of coffee beans by 13.34%. Espresso with green coffee beans has the average antioxidant activity ranging from 17.57±0.08%-23.32±0.08%, and espresso with roasted coffee beans ranges from 80.97±0.21%-84.87±0.08%; L. mesenteroides increases the antioxidant activity by 1.06%. In addition, the average moisture content of robusta green coffee beans fermented at 6, 12, and 18 hours with natural microbes and the addition of L. mesenteroides reached a moisture content of 9.82±0.10%-10.83±0.32%, while the roasted coffee beans ranged from 3.33±0.23%-3.80±0.16%. The average protein content of green coffee beans ranged from 10.51±0.76% to 13.28±0.67%, and roasted coffee beans from 11.38±0.88% to 12.55±0.50%. The total phenolic compound of green coffee beans ranged from 18.14±0.31 to 31.32±0.14 mg GAE/g, while the roasted beans reached 85.37±0.30 to 123.87±1.01 mg GAE/g. Adding L. mesenteroides reduces pH of green and roasted coffee beans. Testing other LABs on coffee beans can further explore these potential health benefits.

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