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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 27 no. 1 (2026)" : 50 Documents clear
Comparative foliar anatomical traits of the endemic plant Diospyros javanica and its widely distributed relatives RIDESTI RINDYASTUTI; RODIYATI AZRIANINGSIH; DECKY INDRAWAN JUNAEDI; JANIS DAMAYANI; ESTRI LARAS ARUMINGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270112

Abstract

Abstract. Rindyastuti R, Azrianingsih R, Junaedi DI, Damayani J, Arumingtyas EL. 2026. Comparative foliar anatomical traits of the endemic plant Diospyros javanica and its widely distributed relatives. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270112. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270112. Anatomical characteristics may serve as diagnostic indicators that are useful for elucidating the identity of a plant species and its ecological adaptation to environmental changes. This study aimed to examine the foliar anatomical traits of Diospyros javanica, in comparison with its widely distributed relatives, Diospyros cauliflora and Diospyros buxifolia, which are crucial for understanding trait variation, taxonomic position, and environmental adaptation. Plant samples were collected from Purwodadi Botanic Garden, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Anatomical preparations were made using the paraffin-embedding method. Almost all qualitative variations could act as distinguishing traits among the species. Anatomical traits observed in this study include stomata, cuticle layer, epidermis, intracellular cavity, vascular bundles, sclerenchyma tissue, palisade and spongy mesophyll, supporting elements such as tracheids, mucilage cells, crystal oxalate, and metabolites such as phenolic deposits. Quantitative analysis of stomatal traits showed significant differences for all traits except stomatal density (p=0.18). All anatomical traits of leaf blades are significantly different across the three species, with p value of 0.0. The thinner photosynthetic structures of D. javanica indicate lower growth performance compared to that of its more widely distributed relatives. Research on ecophysiology related to growth rate and biochemical content that support plant adaptation could be conducted in the near future to inform species conservation.
Growth and hematological effects of cellulolytic Bacillus spp. isolated from rabbit gut B. TURAEVA; G. J. KUTLIEVA; X. F. KAMOLOVA; M. A. NEMATOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270131

Abstract

Abstract. Turaeva B, Kutlieva GJ, Kamolova XF, Nematofa MA. 2026. Growth and hematological effects of cellulolytic Bacillus spp. isolated from rabbit gut. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270131. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270131. This study aimed to isolate cellulolytic Bacillus strains from the rabbit gastrointestinal tract and evaluate their probiotic potential. Thirteen spore-forming isolates were obtained, of which Bacillus subtilis PBUZ-1 and PBUZ-3 exhibited the strongest cellulolytic activity. Both strains demonstrated high cellulase activity, with PBUZ-1 producing 1.69±0.16 U/mL in whey-based medium compared to 0.29±0.02 U/mL in Getchenson medium (p<0.001, Cohen’s d = 12.49). In vivo trials were conducted on Hikol rabbits supplemented with lyophilized strains (1 × 10⁶ CFU/g feed) for 30 days. Rabbits receiving probiotics showed superior growth performance, with body weights exceeding controls by 312-1050 g at 110-120 days (p<0.01, Cohen’s d = 2.45-3.83). Hematological analysis revealed significant increases in red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and platelets (p<0.05). Biochemical profiles also improved, with higher total protein (65.17±2.24 g/L) and albumin (4.7±0.30 g/L), while bilirubin remained within physiological ranges. No adverse effects were observed, and physiological parameters such as temperature and heart rate stayed within normal limits. These findings demonstrate that rabbit gut-derived Bacillus subtilis strains enhance growth, hematological indices, and systemic health in rabbits. Importantly, this study provides the first evidence that such strains possess dual cellulolytic and probiotic functions, offering a safe and sustainable alternative to synthetic feed additives in rabbit farming and potentially other herbivorous livestock.
Forage species diversity and composition, and carrying capacity of rangelands in Teluk Wondama Regency, West Papua, Indonesia MARLYN N. LEKITOO; TEDDY LEKITOO; BUDI SANTOSO; EVI W. SARAGIH; ONESIMUS YOKU; BAMBANG TJ. HARIADI; DENY A. IYAI; LUKAS Y. SONBAIT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270111

Abstract

Abstract. Lekitoo MN, Lekitoo T, Santoso B, Saragih EW, Yoku O, Hariadi BT, Iyai DA, Sonbait LY. 2026. Forage species diversity and composition, and carrying capacity of rangelands in Teluk Wondama Regency, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270111. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270111. Rangelands and natural pastures serve as the backbone of livestock feed. However, there is limited empirical data on their productivity and capacity to sustain livestock populations in lesser-known regions, such as Papua. The study aims to assess the botanical diversity and composition of forage in natural rangeland in Teluk Wondama Regency, West Papua, Indonesia, and to evaluate its carrying capacity. Botanical sampling was conducted by establishing 30 sample plots measuring 1×1 m2 in areas of 64 ha within the Warayaro natural rangelands. Forage productivity was estimated based on botanical composition, fresh forage, dry matter, and total digestible nutrients. The findings reveal that the rangeland in Warayaro is a heterogeneous pasture comprising 5 types of fodder, including 4 grasses and 1 legume species. Non-native species from 3 families dominated the pasture, namely Paspalum dilatatum, followed by Paspalum conjugatum, Centrosema pubescens, Eleusine indica, and Cyperus rotundus. The botanical composition consisted of 86.7% grasses and 13.3% legumes. Average forage yield is 2.0 t FM, 0.4 t ha-1 and 1.02 t ha-1 TDN. The existing Warayaro forage has a carrying capacity for cattle of 0.4 AU ha-1 yr-1 (FM), 0.3 AU ha-1 yr-1 (DM) and 0.8 AU ha-1 yr-1 (TDN). The Warayaro natural pasture has low production potential (264.7 kg TDN per 100 kg of livestock body weight) and moderate nutritional quality, with a protein content of only 11.2%. The Warayaro pasture is more suitable for growing young stock to reach a body weight of 182 kg. The carrying capacity of the rangeland for cattle and goat is 32 head yr-1 is 320 head yr-1, respectively. Key ecological recommendations include increasing the proportion of legumes through reseeding, implementing rotational grazing, and monitoring and controlling Cyperus rotundus to prevent competitive exclusion of forage species.
Risk analysis of human-wildlife conflict in Leuser Ecosystem Area, Indonesia IRWANDI IRWANDI; ABDUL RAUF; RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY; DELVIAN DELVIAN; R. HAMDANI HARAHAP; AGUS PURWOKO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270120

Abstract

Abstract. Irwandi, Rauf A, Rahmawaty, Delvian, Hamdani, Purwoko A. 2026. Risk analysis of human-wildlife conflict in Leuser Ecosystem Area, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270120. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270120. Over the past six years, the Aceh Natural Resources Conservation Agency recorded 542 incidents of human-elephant conflict. In 2023 alone, 13 farmers and residents were attacked by wild tigers and elephants, resulting in injuries and fatalities. Additionally, at least 19 tigers died in Aceh between 2019 and 2022. This study aims to assess the risk of wildlife conflict to community livelihoods in seven villages within the Leuser Ecosystem Area. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection involved the distribution of questionnaires covering 10% of households from the total population. The combined population of the seven surveyed villages is 2,673 households, from which 268 households (10%) were sampled using proportionate random sampling based on population size in each village. In addition to questionnaires, the study also conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). In addition to questionnaires, the study also conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). These were designed to validate survey findings and capture deeper community perspectives on risk perception, conflict experiences, and local coping strategies. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study found that the perceived risk of wildlife conflict to livelihoods was generally low. However, some villages reported a medium level of risk. Most villages exhibited moderate vulnerability, with significant variation across dimensions of human, social, economic, physical, and environmental vulnerability. From a risk assessment perspective, the combination of low vulnerability and low threat levels contributes to a low overall risk of wildlife conflict for local government.
Organic carbon in Rhizophora and Avicennia mangrove litter of South Kalimantan, Indonesia PUTRI MUDHLIKA LESTARINA; DIETRIECH GEOFFREY BENGEN; TRI PRARTONO; MUHAMMAD AHSIN RIFA'I; NEVIATY PUTRI ZAMANI; SELVIANI SELVIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270132

Abstract

Abstract. Lestarina PM, Bengen DG, Prartono T, Rifa'i MA, Zamani NP, Selviani. 2026. Organic carbon in Rhizophora and Avicennia mangrove litter of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270132. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270132. Mangrove ecosystems serve as major blue carbon sinks due to their high productivity and slow decomposition under anaerobic conditions. This study examined organ and species-level variations in the organic carbon content of Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina at two coastal sites in South Kalimantan, Indonesia-Kintap and Asam-Asam. Samples of stems, twigs, leaves, roots, and flowers were analyzed using the Walkley-Black method. The average organic carbon content of R. mucronata was 7.603%, while that of A. marina was 6.193%. The highest carbon concentration occurred in stems and twigs, followed by roots, leaves, and flowers. Mean carbon content was slightly higher in Kintap (7.091%) than in Asam-Asam (6.704%), though the difference was not statistically significant. Regression analysis indicated that plant organs significantly influenced organic carbon levels (p = 0.004), whereas location, station, and species did not. These findings emphasize that organ-specific characteristics-particularly lignin-rich woody tissues-are key determinants of carbon retention in mangroves. Incorporating such organ-level variability enhances the accuracy of blue carbon estimates and supports ecosystem-based conservation and climate mitigation strategies. Moreover, these findings highlight the ecological significance of organ-specific carbon storage in dominant mangrove species, reinforcing their role in sustaining ecosystem diversity and supporting blue carbon conservation strategies under global climate change agendas.
Tick morphology and pathogen-carrying potential in dogs from Bogor, Indonesia HASANATUL KHUZAIMAH; USAMAH AFIFF; UPIK KESUMAWATI HADI; SUSI SOVIANA; SUPRIYONO SUPRIYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270122

Abstract

Abstract. Khuzaimah H, Afiff U, Hadi UK,  Soviana S, Supriyono. 2026. Tick morphology and pathogen-carrying potential in dogs from Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270122. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270122. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a hard tick ectoparasite that usually infects dogs and acts as a potential vector for zoonotic pathogens such as Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, and Rocky Mountain fever, which are commonly transmitted to humans and animals by ticks. This study aimed to detect pathogenic bacteria, such as Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp., in ticks collected from dogs in Bogor. A total of 77 dogs were randomly examined from 217 dogs, and 142 ticks were collected from six dogs, with a prevalence rate of 7.29%. Tick identification showed that all ticks were R. sanguineus according to Anastos' identification key (1950). R. sanguineus has specific characteristics, such as spurs on its first coxae and hexagonal basis capitula. The tick samples were then extracted for DNA to detect pathogenic bacteria using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results based on the 17-kDa and gltA genes showed that one sample tested positive for Rickettsia sp., and the infection rate for Rickettsia spp. was 12/142 ticks (0.085%). This was closely related to Rickettsia felis, which was detected in an infested dog in Saint Kitts and Nevis. Based on the groEL gene, one positive Anaplasma sp. sample had an infection rate of 94/142 ticks (0.66%). It was closely related to Anaplasma platys, which was detected in China, based on the phylogenetic tree. Meanwhile, the flaB gene detection for Borrelia spp. yielded negative results in all tick samples, but related research has successfully detected Borrelia in R. sanguineus. These findings provide molecular evidence of R. sanguineus as a potential vector for Rickettsia and Anaplasma in Indonesia. Maintaining environmental hygiene and pet cleanliness is essential for tick control and the prevention of zoonotic transmission.
Community structure and diversity of tree species in a lowland dipterocarp forest of Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia FAEZAH PARDI; RIDAHATI RAMBEY; HASYA HANNANI RUZIMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270107

Abstract

Abstract. Pardi F, Rambey R, Ruziman HH. 2026. Community structure and diversity of tree species in a lowland dipterocarp forest of Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270107. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270107. Lowland dipterocarp forests in Peninsular Malaysia are biodiversity hotspots that play crucial roles in carbon storage but are increasingly threatened by logging, land conversion, and recreational pressures. Quantitative data on their community structure remain limited, particularly for Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve (SLFR), Selangor. To fill this gap, this study aimed to assess floristic composition and diversity, and estimate biomass and carbon stock in SLFR. In doing so, ten plots covering three hectares were established to enumerate trees with a diameter at breast height ≥5 cm. The tree community comprised a wide representation of families and genera, with Fabaceae emerging as the most species-rich, while Elateriospermum tapos (Euphorbiaceae) was identified as the dominant species. Diversity was moderate, but species evenness was low, reflecting uneven distribution across taxa. Despite this, the forest stored a significant carbon, with an estimated 304.86 t/ha, indicating its primary role as an important carbon sink. Importantly, seven threatened species were recorded, including Hopea auriculata and Palaquium burckii (Critically Endangered), Anisoptera costata and Neobalanocarpus heimii (Endangered), Ctenolophon parvifolius, Pentace macrophylla and Shorea inappendiculata (Vulnerable). Their occurrence urges the conservation importance of SLFR as a reservoir of dipterocarp diversity and a refuge for threatened taxa. Management strategies should prioritize stricter regulation of recreational activities, targeted enrichment planting, and the protection of threatened species. By integrating biodiversity conservation with climate mitigation goals, sustainable management of SLFR will directly contribute to the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 15.
Agromorphological and biochemical diversity of sea buckthorn in Northern Kazakhstan for breeding and conservation GAUHAR S. MUKAN; LAURA SH. SHADMANOVA; AINUR S. YESZHANOVA; CHINGIZ B. KANAPIN; KANAT ZH. ACHATOV; MEDEU R. RAZHANOV; ANAR G. SANKAIBAYEVA; MARZHAN M. BAIMAGANBETOVA; GULNARA T. SITPAYEVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270126

Abstract

Abstract. Mukan GS, Shadmanova LS, Yeszhanova AS, Kanapin CB, Achatov KZ, Razhanov MR, Sankaibayeva AG, Marzhan BM, Sitpayeva GT. 2026. Agromorphological and biochemical diversity of sea buckthorn in Northern Kazakhstan for breeding and conservation. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270126. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270126. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a versatile, dioecious shrub native to Eurasia, exhibits significant ecological and nutritional potential, yet remains underexploited in Kazakhstan despite widespread global utilization. This study evaluated the agromorphological and biochemical diversity of 11 selected forms (as proxies for potential genetic units) from five natural cenopopulations in the North Kazakhstan and Kostanay regions during 2023-2024 to identify elite forms suitable for breeding and commercial production. Field and laboratory assessments analyzed dendrometric, agromorphological, and biochemical traits. Dendrometric measurements revealed variations in bush height (2-4 m) and fruit cluster length (5.55-38.23 cm). Agromorphological fruit traits showed diversity in weight (24.36-48.47 g per 100 berries) and fruiting degree (2-5 points). Biochemical analyses indicated ranges in soluble solids (7.9-12.8%), sugars (1.2-7.5 g/100 g), polyphenols (401-1860 mg GAE/100 g), vitamin C (9.68-105.6 mg/100 g), and antioxidant activity (FRAP: 1.33-10.22 μM FeSO₄/g; DPPH: 18-78%). Cluster analysis identified the KT form as distinct, with superior antioxidant capacity. These findings highlight putative phenotypic divergence in underexplored northern populations, offering valuable resources for developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties adapted to harsh climates. The results support strategic breeding programs and advocate for the targeted conservation of unique forms (e.g., KT) to enhance agricultural and ecological resilience in the region.
Cellulolytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of chili basal stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici FARHANTYO FAUZAN DWINUGROHO; GIYANTO GIYANTO; EFI TODING TONDOK; ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270109

Abstract

Abstract. Dwinugroho FF, Giyanto, Tondok ET, Nawangsih AA. 2026. Cellulolytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of chili basal stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270109. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270109. Phytophthora capsici is a major pathogen that causes severe yield losses in chili cultivation. Its cellulose-rich cell wall presents an opportunity for biocontrol using cellulolytic bacteria capable of degrading cellulose. This study aimed to isolate cellulolytic bacteria with antagonistic activity against P. capsici and to evaluate their effectiveness in managing basal stem rot in chili. A total of 279 bacterial isolates were collected from diverse natural sources, of which 72 exhibited cellulolytic activity, with cellulolytic indices ranging from 0.22 to 10.42. Pathogenicity screening through hypersensitivity and hemolysis assays identified 26 non-pathogenic isolates. These isolates inhibited P. capsici growth by 8.15 to 79.81%. Selection of promising isolates was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which considered both inhibition rate and plant growth-promoting traits (volatile organic compound [VOC] production, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] production, and siderophore production. Based on this evaluation, five isolates were selected: S55, S61, K15, S80, and FS28, with inhibition rates of 79.81, 69.26, 57.78, 46.85, and 40.37%, respectively. In vivo greenhouse assays showed that S55 and K15 provided the highest plant survival rates (86.67 and 75.56%, respectively), compared to 50% in the control. Molecular identification revealed that S55 and S61 were closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K15 to Proteus penneri, FS28 to Bacillus altitudinis, and S80 to Brevundimonas sp. These findings demonstrate the potential of cellulolytic bacteria as biocontrol agents against P. capsici, while also highlighting the functional diversity of isolates with plant growth-promoting traits. This diversity expands the pool of candidates for sustainable and targeted disease management strategies in chili cultivation.
Bioactive compounds from Zanthoxylum acanthopodium phyllosphere bacteria with antifungal potential against Candida albicans ENNY NUGRAHENI; DEBIE RIZQOH; LIYA AGUSTIN UMAR; SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI; AZELLA CHIKA FAUZIA; SHELLA SHARON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270102

Abstract

Abstract. Nugraheni E, Rizqoh D, Umar LA, Sipriyadi, Fauzia AC, Sharon S. 2026. Bioactive compounds from Zanthoxylum acanthopodium phyllosphere bacteria with antifungal potential against Candida albicans. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270102. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270102. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (andaliman), an endemic Rutaceae species from Samosir Island, Indonesia, with high economic and medicinal value, harbors phyllosphere bacteria that may produce antifungal metabolites. However, their bioactive compounds remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from the phyllosphere bacteria of Z. acanthopodium and to evaluate their antifungal potential against Candida albicans. Phyllosphere bacterial isolates were collected and evaluated against C. albicans grown in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) using a dilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the ethyl acetate extracts were subsequently analyzed by GC-MS to identify constituent compounds. MIC assays showed that the crude extract inhibited C. albicans in all isolates at 100% concentration. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA revealed these isolates as Brevundimonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. GC-MS detected phenolic compounds, including isodiospyrin and 1-methyl-ethyl compound. Molecular docking using the C. albicans EXO-β-(1,3)-glucanase protein (PDB ID: 1EQP) demonstrated favorable binding energies (ΔG≤0), indicating spontaneous interactions. Isodiospyrin showed the strongest affinity with ΔG –8.56, while the 1-methyl-ethyl compound exhibited the best binding affinity and inhibition constant among the detected compounds. The findings confirm that phyllosphere bacteria of Z. acanthopodium exhibit antifungal activity against C. albicans. Isodiospyrin and 1-methyl-ethyl compound emerged as promising candidates for further antifungal development. Future studies should validate their efficacy through in vitro and in vivo assays, isolate specific antifungal metabolites, and optimize production for potential therapeutic applications.

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