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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Relationship of physicochemical factors with fish biomass and production in Shadegan Wetland, Iran SEYEDAHMADREZA HASHEMI; RASOUL GHORBANI; FARHAD KYMARAM; SEYED ABASS HOSSINI; GHOLAMREZA ESKANDARI; ALIAKBAR HEDAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170221

Abstract

Hashemi S, Ghorbani R, Kymaram F, Hossini SA, Eskandari G, Hedayati A. 2016. Relationship of physicochemical factors with fish biomass and production in Shadegan Wetland, Iran. Biodiversitas 17: 515-522. The biomass of fishes was estimate in the Shadegan Wetland with Leslie model. Also the relationships between fish biomass and physic-chemical parameters of were studies. Sampling was carried out seasonally at five stations; include Atish, Khorosy, Mahshar, Rogbe, and Salmane from April 2013 to March 2014. During this study, 2795 specimens were measured and weighed. The highest fish biomass and lowest fish biomass were in springand winter seasons and Khorosy and Rogbe stations have highest and lowest fish biomass. The mean biomass of fish in four seasons Shadegan, 243±35 (kg/ha) and the amount of biomass in different seasons were not significantly different (P>0.05). Average values of water physicochemical parameters in different seasons were no significant (P>0.05), however average values of salinity stations were significant differences (P<0.05). Fish biomass regressions was estimated as Fish Biomass = 0.41 (temperature) 2.56. CCA ordination explained temperature, salinity, PH and DO, as the most important variables influencing the variation of fish composition in the Shadegan Wetland. Multi-layer artificial neural network showed four parameters (temperature, salinity, depth and DO) have the greatest impact on fish biomass.
Morphology, anatomy, and mycorrhizal fungi colonization in roots of epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia SITI NURFADILAH; NINA DWI YULIA; ESTI ENDAH ARIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170229

Abstract

Nurfadilah S, Yulia ND, Ariyanti EE. 2016. Morphology, anatomy, and mycorrhizal fungi colonisation in roots of epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 592-603. Roots of orchids have important role for survival, adaptation, water and nutrient absorption, and as a place of symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. The present study aimed to investigate the morphology, anatomy, and mycorrhizal status in roots of orchids of Sempu Island, Indonesia (Ascochilus emarginatus, Taeniophyllum biocellatum, and Thrixspermum subulatum), in relation to their adaptation to their habitat of coastal forests of Sempu Island. These orchids have different morphological characters; Ascochilus emarginatus and Thrixspermum subulatum are leafy orchids, while Taeniophyllum biocellatum is a leafless orchid. The results showed that all orchids have small number of velamen layers (1-2 layers) as an adaptation to the relatively humid condition. Cell wall thickenings of velamen, exodermis, and endodermis are structural adaptation of all orchids to the relatively high intensity of illumination, to reduce water loss because of transpiration. Mycorrhizal fungi colonization which is important for nutrient acquisition occurs in cortical cells. All orchids have differences in their cell shape, size, and specific characters, such as chloroplasts. The leafless Taeniophyllum biocellatum has many chloroplasts in the cortical root cells that support the photosynthesis process, while A. emarginatus and T. subulatum are lack of chloroplasts in their cortical root cells.
Short Communication: Conservation of mangrove gobies in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia YULIADI ZAMRONI; KADARWAN SOEWARDI; BAMBANG SURYOBROTO; ZEEHAN JAAFAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170226

Abstract

Zamroni Y, Soewardi K, Suryobroto B, Jaafar Z. 2016. Short Communication: Conservation of mangrove gobies in LesserSunda Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 553-557. Ecosystems goods and services from mangrove forests are especially vital to coastal communities. Yet mangrove areas continue to be deforested at unprecedented rates. Using gobioid fishes associated with mangrove forests as focal organisms, we assessed their diversity in 14 selected sites within the Lesser Sunda group of islands. We applied Correspondence analysis to determine the relationships between ecosystems based on the occurrence of these fishes and complementarity analysis to identify the minimum number of sites to conserve maximum diversity based on a rarity algorithm. We recovered 55 gobioid fish species at these mangrove areas, and proposed six mangrove areas within the Lesser Sunda group of islands as areas of conservation priority: Loh Sebita, Oebelo, Bipolo, Lembar Bay, Selindungan, and Kawangu. The three former areas are already within protected zones while the remaining latter three areas are at present unprotected. The argument for the conservation of these threeremaining areas is a compelling one, based on our data (diversity of gobioid fishes), and corroborating data (diversity of corals, reef fishes, stomatopods, seagrasses, and marine birds) from other studies.Keywords: Brackish, mangroves, deforestation, Nusa Tenggara, Threatened Species, Gobiidae
Suitability and availability analysis of tropical forest wood species for ethanol production: a case study in East Kalimantan RUDIANTO AMIRTA; AHMAD MUKHDLOR; DEWI MUJIASIH; ELIS SEPTIA; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI; DWI SUSANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170225

Abstract

Amirta R, Mukhdlor A, Mujiasih D, Septia E, Supriadi, Susanto D. 2016. Suitability and availability analysis of tropical forest wood species for ethanol production: a case study in East Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 17: 544-552. Fifteen species of woody biomass from tropical forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia and identified as Acacia mangium, Aleurites moluccana, Alstonia scholaris, Anthocephalus cadamba, Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus elasticus, Cananga odorata, Gmelina arborea, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Leucaena leucocephala, Macaranga gigantea, Macaranga tanarius, Paraserianthes falcataria, Shorea leprosula and Swietenia macrophylla were characterized and studied to find out and discover their potential utilization as suitable feedstocks for biofuel (ethanol) production. Characterization was done by evaluation of lignin, holocellulose and cellulose contents of woody biomass including the yield of reducing sugar (saccharification) after pretreated with alkaline (NaOH) at moderate temperature. Among 15 species of tropical forest wood biomass evaluated, our findings showed that M. gigantea was gave the highest yield of saccharified sugar (42.22%, weight of original wood dry basis) and also yield of theoretical ethanol (± 273 L/ton). We also found growth of M. giganteawas very fast to produce approximately 26,119 kg ha-1 dry biomass within 3 years. In general, the tropical wood biomass such as M. gigantea, A. moluccana, G. arborea, A. cadamba, and P. falcataria are suitable and potentially to be used as feedstocks for ethanol production due to their fast growing ability, availability and attractive chemical composition to produce high saccharified sugar and yield of ethanol.
Seagrass biodiversity at three marine ecoregions of Indonesia: Sunda Shelf, Sulawesi Sea, and Banda Sea MUJIZAT KAWAROE; ADITYA HIKMAT NUGRAHA; JURAIJ JURAIJ; ILHAM ANTARIKSA TASABARAMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170228

Abstract

Kawaroe M, Nugraha AD, Juraij, Tasabaramo IA. 2016. Identification of soybean genotypes adaptive and productive to acid soil agro-ecosystem. Biodiversitas 17: 585-591. Seagrass is one of the coastal ecosystems in marine ecoregions of Indonesia that has very important ecological and economical functions. This study aimed to illustrate the diversity of seagrass ecosystems through its distribution, coverage, and density, in three marine ecoregions of Indonesia, namely Sunda Shelf/SHS (Bintan Island/SHS-B and the Seribu Islands/SHS-S), Sulawesi Sea/SS (Talaud Island), and Banda Sea/BS (Tanimbar Islands). The study was conducted at 16 stations in SHS, 20 stations in SS, and 30 stations in BS. A line transect method was used. Three line transects (length 50m) were deployed ineach station perpendicular to the shoreline towards the sea with a distance of 20 meters between transect lines. In each line transect, quadrate transects were placed (0.5mx0.5m) along the line, alternating left and right line up to the edge. Species identification and seagrass density were calculated in each quadrate transect. Similarity indexes were calculated and analyzed between ecoregion on seagrass coverage and abundance through dendrogram graphic. Results showed that 10 species of seagrass were found in three marineecoregions. In SHS-B, 10 species with a coverage cover of 61% were found and Thalassia hemprichii was of the highest abundance. In ShS-S, 6 species with a coverage cover of 37% were found and Enhalus acoroides species was of the highest abundance. In SS, 5 species with a coverage cover of 43% were found and Cymodocea rotundata was of the highest abundance. Finally, in BS, 7 species with coverage of 60% were found and Thalassia hemprichii was of the highest abundance. These results indicated that seagrass biodiversity found in 3 Indonesia marine ecoregions were still in a healthy condition. One of the implications of this healthy condition of seagrass was that the very important functions of seagrass as a habitat for economically important organisms and a food source for herbivores, particularly Dugong dugong, living in seagrass was still secured.
Short Communication: Resistance of eleven new hybrid maize genotypes to Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) BUDI SETYAWAN; IRFAN SULIANSYAH; ASWALDI ANWAR; ETTI SWASTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170230

Abstract

Setyawan B, Suliansyah I, Anwar A, Swasti E. 2016. Short Communication: Antidiabetic screening of some Indonesian marine cyanobacteria collection. Biodiversitas 17: 604-608. Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is a leaf disease caused by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs. In Indonesia, TLB was first discovered in North Sumatra in 1917 (Van Hall 1929), and now is found throughout Indonesia (Semangun 2008). Losses due to yield decrease will be greater when the plant is infected at the time of flowering and grain filling phase. Resistant varieties are the most effective way of controlling TLB. The purpose of this research was to test 11 new hybrid maize genotypes to determine the level of TLB resistance. The research was conducted in 2 season, usingrandomize complete block design, 3 replication and 2 control genotypes. Based on statistical examinations and CIMMYT (1999) scoring system, it could be concluded that 10 prospective genotypes (90.9%) which were SSU3X28871, SSU3X29131, SSU3X30735, SSU3X45172, SSU3X68276, SSUSX02791, SSUSX06145, SSUSX48274, SSUSX68849 and SSUSX76844 were significantly better than both control genotypes at LSD 5% (=0.05).
Characterization of soybean genotypes for Asian soybean rust reaction under screen house condition ALFI INAYATI; ERIYANTO YUSNAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170231

Abstract

Inayati A, Yusnawan E. 2016. Characterization of soybean genotypes for Asian soybean rust reaction under screen house condition. Biodiversitas 17: 609-613. Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the major diseases limiting soybean yield. This disease has widely spread on soybean crops in Indonesia. The use of resistant cultivars is one of the economical approaches to control ASR. The objectives of this study were to assess the resistance of soybean lines derived from crossing two largeseeded cultivars (Baluran and Grobogan) with a broad adaptive cultivar (Kaba) and to identify resistant genotype characteristics under screen house conditions. All genotypes were artificially inoculated with P. pachyrhizi uredospores. Number of pustules per leaf, the development of ASR, and yield components including number of intact pods per plant, number of empty pods, and weight of pods per plant were observed. Thirteen lines of Baluran pedigrees had higher resistant response to ASR compared to Grobogan pedigrees. Fewer numbers of pustules (8 pustules cm-2), lower value of area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and redish brown (RB) lesion type were observed in resistant lines. In contrast, susceptible lines had more pustules (> 21 pustules cm-2), higher AUDPC value, and had mixed lesion type (RB and Tan). ASR reduced seed size and yield. The average weight of 100 seeds of resistant lines was 10.2 g while on susceptible lines, the 100-seed weight ranged from 8.7 to 12.6 g. The average yield per plant varied from 2.7 to 6.1 g.Baluran/Grobogan pedigrees were more susceptible to ASR than Baluran/Kaba pedigrees, however, those pedigrees showed better yield per plant and were supposedly more tolerant to ASR.
Choosing native tree species for establishing man-made forest: A new perspective for sustainable forest management in changing world ATOK SUBIAKTO; HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT; CHIKAYA SAKAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170233

Abstract

Subiakto A, Rachmat HH, Sakai C. 2016. Choosing native tree species for establishing man-made forest: A new perspective for sustainable forest management in changing world. Biodiversitas 17: 620-625. Establishment of tree plantation on degraded lands and forest clearly favored some exotic species such as Gmelina arborea, Acacia, and Eucalyptus. High productivity, less harvesting time, and deeper silvicultural knowledge are the beneficial factor for choosing those exotics species. However, the use of a wide variety of native tree species becomes more significantly important in reforestation projects due to the greater biodiversity benefits and widerenvironmental services. This research was carried out as a multiyear observation and continuous experiment to value how native tree species can be prospective alternatives in providing and supporting human need. The performances of two native Indonesian Shorea species, Shorea leprosula and Shorea selanica, were evaluated at a dipterocarp planting trial in two different sites in Indonesia. Growth data was obtained from 15 and 17 years old plots, twelve 100 m X 100 m square plots on mineral soils (Gunung Dahu Experimental Forest/GDEF, Bogor) and eight resembled plots on frequently flooded peat land (PT. Arara Abadi/PT. AA, Riau). Survival rates were varied, ranged from 36-77%, diameter at breast height from 13.7-24.9 cm, tree height from 10.8-16.9 m, mean volume from 0.119m3/tree-0.567 m3/tree, and total volume from 79.420 m3/ha-215.412 m3/ha. Growth rates of planted saplings were affected by species, site and spacing distance. The development of man-made dipterocarps forest in the tropic, especially in South East Asia can be as prospective as developing an exotic fast growing plantation. Eventhough in situ conservation would give the most benefit in conserving genetic resources of native tree species, establishing man-made dipterocarp forest still have higher environmental value than using exotic tree species such as acacia. Moreover, establishing man-made dipterocarp forest is considered more environmental friendly and possess lower to no risk of species invasion compare to those of developing exotic trees plantation.  
Diversity and phylogenetic relationship of cellulolytic bacteria from the feces of Bali Cattle in South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia HILDEGARDIS MISSA; ARI SUSILOWATI; RATNA SETYANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170232

Abstract

Missa H, Susilowati A, Setyaningsih R. 2016. Diversity and phylogenetic relationship of cellulolytic bacteria from the feces of Bali Cattle in South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 614-619. There are three types of cattle farms with different kinds of feed in South Central Timor, that are maintained around Supul Lake, quarantined and left in the wild. This research aims to isolate, identify and determine the genetic relationship among of cellulolytic bacteria from the feces of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus javanicus D´Alton, 1823, syn. Bos javanicus sondaicus Temminck, 1839/Blyth, 1842) in South Central Timor. Theisolation of cellulolytic bacteria was done by using spread plate method on Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) media. Cellulolyticactivities were determined by the clear zone visibility using 0.1% congo red indicator. 16S rRNA encoding genes amplification wasconducted using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using 63F and 1387r primers. Sequences of the 16S rRNA encoding genes were analyzed by bioinformatics using Nucleotide BLAST on NCBI website to determine the species of bacteria based on sequencesimilarity. The construction of the phylogenetic tree of cellulolytic bacteria was done using MEGA 7.0 software. The results were 48isolates showing cellulase activity. There were 12 isolates from Supul Lake which have high cellulase activity namely: S1H6, S2H5 S2H7 S3H; in quarantine location: K1H6, K2H3, L2H7, K2H4, K1H2, K3H2; and in wild care system: L1H4 and L1H5. These activities were presented in clear zone about 7.08 to 1.47 cm. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA encoding genes, there were 5 different genera found in 12 isolates with high cellulolytic activity. The isolates possessed similarity with Pseudomonas sp. 96%, Acinetobacter sp. 95%, Bacillus 97%, Stenotrophomonas 88%, and Brachybacterium sp. 97%. There were seven bacterial isolates having the potential to be declared as new bacterial species with <97% similarity percentage that are SIH6, S2H5, K2H3, K2H4, LIH4, LIH5, L2H7. Based on the phylogenetic tree cellulolytic bacteria showed the closest genetic relationship of 0.0% and farthest of 19.3% L2H7 isolate with Brachybacterium sp. S21F1
Long-term variability of zooplankton community under climate warming in tropical eutrophic man-made lake SUNARDI SUNARDI; TAKAO YOSHIMATSU; NIKO JUNIANTO; NADIA ISTIQAMAH; TYRELL DEWEBER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170234

Abstract

Sunardi, Yoshimatsu T, Junianto N, Istiqamah N, DeWeber T. 2016. Long-term variability of zooplankton community under climate warming in tropical eutrophic man-made lake. Biodiversitas 17: 634-641. The climate warming is increasingly acknowledged as an important driver of lake ecosystems. However, there are no generic patterns of how the aquatic species/community responds the warming climate; instead the changes are complicated by interactions of many factors. To regard the important role of zooplankton in the lake ecosystems, this paper questions whether the climate warming affects their community structure in tropical eutrophic man-made lake. We analyzed a series of data resulted from a long water quality monitoring activities in the Cirata Lake, Indonesia. We anticipated that there would be a strong association between the climates warming with the response of zooplankton community after 19 years. Our result suggested that the lake has been becoming slightly warmer following the atmospheric temperature. Instead of decreasing, the shifting water temperature tend promotes a greater species richness, density, and diversity of the zooplankton. Relevant changes inspecies composition have been observed. It seems that the magnitude of the shift of the temperature, and the eutrophication status played an important role in shaping the changes of the zooplankton community structure.

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