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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Ethnoconservation of fishery resources in the Sapuka Islands, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia ANDI NUR APUNG MASSISENG; LUKMAN DARIS; MUHAMMAD FARID SAMAWI; JAYA JAYA; IRWANSYAH IRWANSYAH; ST. ZAENAB
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241208

Abstract

Abstract. Massiseng ANA, Daris L, Samawi MF, Jaya J, Irwansyah, Zaenab S. 2023. Ethnoconservation of fishery resources in the Sapuka Islands, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6461-6471. One form of sustainable management of fishery resources is establishing ethnoconservation-based zoning to create a more targeted utilization practice. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the types of ethnoconservation, analyze the distribution of fishery resources, and create ethnoconservation-based zoning in the Sapuka Islands, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The novelty of this research was that it combined regional ethnoconservation-based zoning in the Sapuka Islands community and zoning designated by government regulations. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), social mapping and taking coordinate points using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the waters of the Sapuka Islands. The results showed that ethnoconservation practices related to community culture included restrictions on fishing times and a ban on catching several types of species. Meanwhile, a prohibition based on local regulations restricted fishing gear in certain water areas and prohibited damage to coral reefs. About 18 species of fishery resources were found widespread across the waters of the Sapuka Islands. There is an overlapping area between the ethnoconservation zone of local communities and the conservation zone based on the decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries with an extent of 2,293.01 ha. This area can be recommended as the conservation zone, which is mutually agreed upon by both local communities and the government.
Factors affecting movement pattern of Sumatran elephant in Air Rami Production Forest, Bengkulu, Indonesia NADYA LAKSMITHA; YANTO SANTOSA; Dede Aulia Rahman
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241035

Abstract

Abstract. Laksmitha N, Santosa Y, Rahman DA. 2023. Factors affecting movement pattern of Sumatran elephant in Air Rami Production Forest, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5539-5546. The decline in the quality and quantity of elephant natural habitat is a trigger factor for human-elephant conflict and results in a decrease in the elephant population. Research related to movement and habitat factors determining elephant movement is important to obtain information that can be used as a basis for conflict management and mitigation in the long term. We analyzed collared GPS data from a female adult elephant (n=1) in Air Rami Production Forest with recordings from November 2020 to August 2022. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the Sumatran elephant’s daily movement distance and movement period with habitat factors. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with tested variables, including secondary forest land cover, altitude, slope, distance from water sources, settlements, roads, and daily movement distance/movement period. The results showed that secondary forest land cover, slopes, movement period, distance from water sources, settlements, and roads influence the elephant's daily movement distance. Meanwhile, the relationship between the movement period is only influenced by slopes, distance from settlements and roads, and daily movement distance. Our study further provides information recognizing the preferred habitat factor of the Sumatran elephant, which gives stakeholders an essential tool for conservation.
Physicochemical, structure and functional characteristics of Tacca leontopetaloides starches grown in Indonesia DIODE YONATA; PRIYANTO TRIWITONO; LILY ARSANTI LESTARI; YUDI PRANOTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241165

Abstract

Abstract. Yonata D, Triwitono P, Lestari LA, Pranoto Y. 2023. Physicochemical, structure and functional characteristics of Tacca leontopetaloides starches grown in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6396-6406. Understanding the physicochemical, structure and functional characteristics of tacca tuber (Tacca leontopetaloides) starch is crucial as a scientific basis for its development, especially in the food industry. Despite the abundance of starch in Indonesian tacca tubers, its potential remains largely untapped. This research aims to determine the physicochemical, structure and functional characteristics of tacca tuber starch from three different regions in Indonesia: Bangkalan, Garut and Sumenep. Wet extraction yielded tacca tuber starch with yields ranging from 21.26 to 26.42%. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in proximate composition (ash, lipid, and protein), starch purity (97.35-98.48%), amylose content (32.81-35.26%), and functional properties like swelling power (9.67-10.51 g/g at 95°C), solubility (4.93-5.87% at 95°C), water holding capacity (0.77-0.90 g/g), oil holding capacity (0.62-0.71 g/g), and relative crystallinity (24.22-27.03%). Thermal properties and pasting properties (except breakdown viscosity) exhibited significant variations. The gelatinization temperature profile of tacca tuber starch ranged from 57.92 to 76.38°C, with an ?H value of around 3.81-4.62 J/g. Meanwhile, the temperature of tacca tuber starch paste ranged from 72.12 to 72.88°C. Tacca tuber starch granules are polygonal, elliptical, oval to slightly ellipsoidal, with an average granule diameter of 20.21-40.43 ?m. Based on the X-ray diffraction pattern, tacca tuber starch shows the CA-type, containing orthorhombic and hexagonal structure crystals. Tacca tuber starch has a high lightness (92.01-93.62) and whiteness index (91.68-92.74). In conclusion, the cultivation location significantly influences the physicochemical, structural, and functional characteristics of tacca tuber starch.
Intensity attacks of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several corn varieties in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia DIDIK SUDIHARDJO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; SHOLAHUDDIN SHOLAHUDDIN; BAMBANG PUJIASMANTO; MUJI RAHAYU; ANDRIYANA SETYAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241259

Abstract

Abstract. Sudihardjo D, Samanhudi, Sholahuddin, Pujiasmanto B, Rahayu M, Setyawati A. 2023. Intensity attacks of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several corn varieties in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6979-6987. The presence of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, 1797 attack on corn is one of the main causes of the decrease in yield. Local, composite, and hybrid corn have different characteristics and will affect intensity attack and foliar damage due to S. frugiperda attack. This study aimed to determine the intensity of the attack of several types of local corn, composites, and hybrids against S. frugiperda. The research was conducted in the Kediri region, East Java, one of the corn cultivation centers. The study used a completely randomized block design with three replications of 18 varieties of various local, composites, and hybrid corn varieties. Local corn varieties consist of Madura Putih, Kebo Bima, Manik Liu, Lameran-Latim, Seraye-Bali, Madura kuning, and Sumbawa. Composite corn varieties include Bisma, Puput Uri, Srikandi Ungu, and Sukmaraga. Furthermore, the hybrid varieties comprise ADV Jago, Bisi 18, DK 77, NK 6172, P 27, Pertiwi 3, and R7. The results showed the infestation of S. frugiperda in all corn varieties peaked at age 42 DAP, with the intensity attack reaching 100%. The lowest intensity attack rate of S. frugiperda was obtained by the Sukmaraga composite variety and the NK6172 hybrid variety tends to be more resistant to S. frugiperda attacks than composite and local varieties. All corn-tested varieties were attached by S. frugiperda, which varied for the percentage of plant damage, severity level, and the time the pest attack first attacked. The clustering groups of each corn variety were based on the intensity attack of S. frugiperda, number of larvae, severity level and early infestation founded group resistant, which have less foliar damage due to S. frugiperda larvae attacks consisting of 5 varieties: Madura kuning, Madura Putih, Bisma, NK6172, and Srikandi Ungu.
Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia LEDHYANE IKA HARLYAN; MUHAMMAD ARIF RAHMAN; MIHROBI KHALWATU RIHMI; SYA’DIYA FAHMA ARMI ABDILLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241214

Abstract

Abstract. Harlyan LI, Rahman MA, Rihmi MK, Abdillah SFA. 2023. Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6527-6535. Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol), one of the small-pelagic tropical fisheries in the Fisheries Management Area (FMA-712), is important in supporting global food security. Therefore, to ensure its sustainability, this fishery is applying for fishery certification to be an ecolabel fishery by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). However, limited information about Longtail Tuna's biological parameters and stock status in this management area will lead to failure in certification completion. This study aims to provide biological parameters and stock status of Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port, Lamongan, Indonesia. Length, weight, and gonad weight of female Longtail Tuna individuals which landed in the Kranji fishing port were conducted from January to April 2023. Several analyses were carried out to figure out the biological parameters of Longtail Tuna, such as length-weight relationship, length at first maturity ( ) and length at first capture ( ) estimation. Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) analysis was conducted to estimate fish exploitation. Results showed that the Longtail Tuna landing in the Kranji fishing port exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern with the length-weight relationship model W = 0.0433 FL2.7608. A comparison between  (43.9+0.11cm) and  (43.6+0.04cm) indicated that most female Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port are mature (60% of the total samples). The LB-SPR analysis showed moderate exploitation status (SPR = 34%). Fishing activities are still manageable in this situation by focusing on stock sustainability. An overlapping fishing ground occurs in the Kranji water, showing the domination of two species landed in the Kranji fishing port, Longtail Tuna and Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis). Therefore, Longtail Tuna fishery management might also consider fishery management of Eastern Little Tuna or other species with overlapped habitats.
Co-occurrence of ectoparasites on wild rodents in Sipora Island, Mentawai, Indonesia with the zoonotic potential review MAIRAWITA MAIRAWITA; AHMAD MURSYID; DAHELMI DAHELMI; FITHRIA DINIYATI; DELA LIDIA; NOVIKA PUTRI; MARSHA M. ARIFA; JEFRIAL JEFRIAL; RYAN M. MAULANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241162

Abstract

Abstract. Mairawita, Mursyid A, Dahelmi, Diniyati F, Lidia D, Putri N, Arifa MM, Jefrial, Maulana RM. 2023. Co-occurrence of ectoparasites on wild rodents in Sipora Island, Mentawai, Indonesia with the zoonotic potential review. Biodiversitas 24: 6369-6376. A complex interaction between human existence and synanthropic rodents can facilitate the spillover of zoonotic diseases. This research provides valuable data regarding Rodentia species distribution, ectoparasites, and the potential for zoonotic transmission. In linked habitats, rodents were collected systematically using 70 live traps over 3 days. A total of 54 Rodentia individuals were assessed, belonging to 7 species: Mus musculus, Rattus tanezumi, R. tiomanicus, R. rattus, R. argentiventer, R. norvegicus, and Leopoldamys siporanus. Additionally, 7 species of ectoparasites (mites, ticks, and fleas) were identified, including Laelaps echidninus, Leptotrombidium delicense, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Culicoides sp., Hoplopleura pasifica, and Polyplax spinulosa. Various ectoparasites infested all the captured rats. Laelaps echidninus showed the highest prevalence and relative abundance in plantation habitats (81.25% and 68.81) and human dwellings (72.73% and 89.73). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between prevalence-abundance of species ectoparasite (?. 0.955; p-value <0.01), while positive correlations between habitat types-prevalence (?. 0.439; p-value <0.01) and habitat types-abundance of species ectoparasite (?. 0.426; p-value <0.01). Negative correlations between ectoparasites species-prevalence (?. -0.273; p-value <0.05) and ectoparasites species-abundance of species ectoparasites (?. -0.309; p-value <0.05). These findings emphasize the need to assess zoonotic risks and take effective control measures in island regions for public health and conservation.
Diversity of universal stress protein in Enterobacteriales and its reduced expressions on Pectobacterium brasiliense after manuka honey treatment CHOTIMAH CHOTIMAH; ALAN SOFFAN; TRI JOKO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250106

Abstract

Abstract. Chotimah, Soffan A, Joko T. 2024. Diversity of universal stress protein in Enterobacteriales and its reduced expressions on Pectobacterium brasiliense after manuka honey treatment. Biodiversitas 25: 49-52. Universal stress proteins (Usps) support the survival of an organism by increasing their expressions under stress conditions, which include nutritional deficiencies, heat shock, and antibiotics. However, the expression of uspA in Staphylococcus aureus decreased after manuka honey exposure. Manuka honey also inhibits the growth of Pectobacterium brasiliense, although its effect on the usp gene of this soft-rot pathogen has never been studied. This study aimed to determine the diversity of Usps in P. brasiliense and their orthologs from Enterobacteriales using phylogenetic analysis. The effects of manuka honey on usp gene expressions were also investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and pathogenicity assay of P. brasiliense on Chinese cabbage. The results revealed that the UspA, UspB, and UspE of P. brasiliense had the closest similarity to those of P. carotovorum. By contrast, UspG had the closest similarity to P. polaris. The usp gene expressions were downregulated by 5, 16, 10, and 62% in 5% (w/v) manuka honey treatment. When tested on Chinese cabbage, P. brasiliense treated with manuka honey caused smaller lesion symptoms than those in the control treatment. This reduced virulence of P. brasiliense may be related to the reduced expression of usp genes triggered by manuka honey.
Characteristics of sleeping sites and sleeping trees selected by Celebes crested macaques (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko, North Sulawesi, Indonesia INDIRA NURUL QOMARIAH; DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH; ENTANG ISKANDAR; JULIETTE MORGAN BERTHIER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241142

Abstract

Abstract. Qomariyah IN, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Iskandar E, Berthier JM. 2023. Characteristics of sleeping sites and sleeping trees selected by Celebes crested macaques (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6200-6208. Research on the selection of sleeping sites is imperative in providing information on the fitness and survival of a species. We investigated the characteristics of the sleeping sites and the sleeping trees selected by wild Celebes crested macaques (Macaca nigra Desmarest 1822) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, as well as their spatial and temporal use. The study was conducted in two groups of macaques for nine months (187 study days) from September 2020 to June 2021. These macaques avoided using the same sleeping site on consecutive nights. Two predator encounters (Python reticulatus Schneider 1801) were recorded near the sleeping sites, but pythons caught no monkeys during the study period. The macaques used 58 trees from 13 species as sleeping trees, of which 79% of the sleeping trees were also food trees. M. nigra chose sleeping trees with higher diameter, height, and a bigger Important Value Index than the surroundings. The average distance between sleeping trees and feeding trees in the morning and evening were 203 m and 127 m, respectively. These results suggest that optimal foraging strategy and predator avoidance are important factors in selecting sleeping sites, providing a broader understanding of the habitat preferences of the Critically Endangered M. nigra.
TLC-fingerprinting and chemometrics for identification of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from different geographical origins in Indonesia KARTINI KARTINI; SYAHNA S. SABATINI; NINDYA M. HARIDSA; NIKMATUL I. E. JAYANI; FINNA SETIAWAN; MOCHAMMAD A. HADIYAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241217

Abstract

Abstract. Kartini K, Sabatini SS, Haridsa NM, Jayani NIE, Setiawan F, Hadiyat MA. 2023. TLC-fingerprinting and chemometrics for identification of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from different geographical origins in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6557-6566. Geographical origin is an important parameter that influences the quality of herbal medicine. The fingerprint of herbal plants is expressed as chemical compounds contributing to said quality. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, popular as java turmeric, is extensively used in Indonesian traditional medicine. This study aimed to validate and develop a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprint of C. xanthorrhiza, followed by chemometric techniques to classify C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes from 15 regions in Indonesia. Under selected TLC conditions (i.e., stationary phase: TLC plate Silica gel 60 GF254, mobile phase: dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethanol (10: 10: 1), detection: vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent), C. xanthorrhiza produced five zones of the compound. Extracts were stable both on the TLC plate and in the extract solution during chromatography and within 60 minutes after derivatization. In terms of precision, the chromatogram meets the requirement of intraday precision. Chemometric analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) showed that the samples of C. xanthorrhiza from 15 regions in Indonesia were grouped into five clusters based on the similarity of the chemical compounds, namely cluster 1 (Tawangmangu, Bangkalan, Kediri, and Surabaya); cluster 2 (Batu, Sragen, Tulungagung, Pasuruan, Blitar, and Lombok Tengah); cluster 3 (Ngawi); cluster 4 (Gresik); and cluster 5 (Bojonegoro, Banyuwangi, and Palangkaraya). The TLC fingerprinting with chemometrics on C. xanthorrhiza rhizome is useful for quality control based on geographic origin and authenticity identification.
Analysis of the difference in endophytic bacterial community structure between infected and non-infected rice plants with rice bakanae disease YANMIN YU; HAIYING LIU; ZHENHUA XU; PING YAN; HONGTAO WU; LICHENG WU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250122

Abstract

Abstract. Yu Y, Liu H, Xu Z, Yan P, Wu H, Wu L. 2024. Analysis of the difference in endophytic bacterial community structure between infected and non-infected rice plants with rice bakanae disease. Biodiversitas 25: 197-204. Rice bakanae disease, caused by the main pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, is an important fungal disease that seriously threatens rice production. This study analyzed the effect of Fusarium fujikuroi on the community structure and diversity of endophytic bacteria in different rice tissues. The total DNA of different tissues, such as root, stem, and leaf, was extracted after artificial inoculation, and the bacterial 16SrRNA gene library was constructed. The high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the biological information of bacterial community composition, diversity and function. The results showed that a total of 467841 effective sequences were obtained. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of the endophytic bacterial community in infected plants were higher than in non-infected plants. At the phylum level, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. The infection of rice seedling bacteria causes changes in the abundance of endophytic bacteria in rice. Compared with non-infected plants, the abundance of Streptophyta and Acidovorax in the root decreased by 1.29 and 0.74%, respectively. The abundance of Geobacter, Devosia, Pleomorphomonas, and Herbaspirillum increased by 1.05, 1.55, 1.28, and 1.76%, while the abundance of Streptophyta in stem decreased by 7.83%. The abundance of Xanthomonas, Acidovorax, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas increased by 1.55, 1.49, 1.11 and 1.15%, whereas the abundance of Streptophyta in the leaf decreased by 12.03%, Actinomycetales, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas are significant biological differences between different tissues of infected and non-infected plants. The study provides a theoretical basis for the biological control of rice bakanae disease.

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