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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 97   98   99   100   101 
Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system SRI SARMINAH; KARYATI KARYATI; KARMINI KARMINI; JHONATAN SIMBOLON; ERIKSON TAMBUNAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190130

Abstract

Sarminah S, Karyati, Karmini, Simbolon J, Tambunan E. 2018. Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 19: 222-228. Rehabilitation and soil conservation effort on degraded lands is not always a success. Multiple factors, such as the field’ biogeophysical conditions and the choice of suitable plant species determine the effectivity of the rehabilitation program. Our research aimed to implement agroforestry system of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) on degraded land at different soil slopes (a steep and a slightly steep slope gradient) and to analyze the effect of the system on silvicultural and hydro-orological aspects of the degraded land. The silvicultural parameters examined in this study were the ground coverage of peanut growth and the stem diameter and height of sengon trees. Meanwhile, the hydro-orological parameters included potential erosion rate, erosion hazard index, and erosion hazard level. Our study revealed that on the land with the slightly steep slope (15-25%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the ground coverage of the peanuts was 70-80%, the diameter and height increment of sengon trees reached 2.47 cm/year and 17.58 cm/year, respectively. Meanwhile, the potential erosion rate was 20.05 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 0.80 (low) and a low hazard level. In the steeper ground (25-40%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the peanut coverage was 50-60% and the diameter and height increment of the sengon were 2.37 cm/year and 16.41 cm/year, respectively. In the steep ground, potential erosion rate was 45.50 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 3.25 (moderate) and a low hazard level. We concluded that the rehabilitation and soil conservation using sengon-peanut agroforestry system effectively suppressed erosion rate to a low erosion hazard.
Short Communication: Introduction of study domestication of manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) in different environment YUNIARTI KONIYO; JULIANA JULIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190135

Abstract

Koniyo Y, Juliana. 2018. Short Communication: Introduction of study domestication of manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) in different environment. Biodiversitas 19: 260-264. Manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) is one of the fish species that have good economic value, so its sustainability needs to be maintained. Manggabai fish population in nature continues to decline; this is due to environmental changes. Environmental changes that occur in nature is very difficult to be controlled so a method is required to preserve the manggabai fish that exist in the natural environment. Domestication is one of the methods used to maintain organisms that lives in a natural environment with an artificial (controlled) environment. This study aims to determine the difference of natural and artificial environment as a basis for conducting domestication on manggabai fish. The research method is an experimental method which is used in the cultivation of fish in natural and artificial environment. Manggabai fish cultivation in the natural environment uses a floating net cage system with volume of 1 m3, while cultivation in a controlled environment uses a pool of 1 m3 of concrete. Manggabai fish uses ± 10 cm of depth of pool with a density of 100 individuals/m3. The study was conducted for 3 months and feeding was only given to cultivation in controlled environment by 20% with a frequency of twice/day. The research variables consist of growth and survival of manggabai fish. The data analysis used descriptive analysis to determine the difference of growth and survival of manggabai fish kept in natural environment and in controlled environment. The results show that there is a difference in the growth and survival of manggabai fish kept in different environments. The highest growth and survival was obtained in the natural environment of KJA by 87%, whereas in the controlled environment, i.e. in the survival pool, it was only 74%. The absolute longest growth and the highest weight growth was obtained in the controlled environment in the pool by 2.07 cm and 4.62 g, whereas in the natural environment in KJA, the growth of the length and the absolute brat of 0.83 cm and 2.33 g. The results showed that the quality of environmental maintenance is a factor that affects the success of manggabai fish domestication.
Population dynamics of Arthroschista hilaralis pest and its parasitoid diversity in various jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cropping patterns in South Sumatra, Indonesia SRI UTAMI; HERMANU TRIWIDODO; PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO; AUNU RAUF; NOOR FARIKHAH HANEDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190132

Abstract

Utami S, Triwidodo H, Pudjianto, Rauf A, Haneda NF. 2018. Population dynamics of Arthroschista hilaralis pest and its parasitoid diversity in various jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cropping patterns in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 239-245. Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), a native tree species in Indonesia exhibit natural distribution, spreading over an enormous area in this region. In South Sumatra, jabon has long been cultivated in both communities and industrial plantation forests.  Arthroschista hilaralis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the most damaging insect pest of jabon in South Sumatra. This study analyzed the population dynamics of A. hilaralis in jabon monoculture and two agroforestry systems, and assessed the diversity of the pest parasitoids and their parasitism level on A. hilaralis. Our results showed that planting systems, climatic factors, and the presence of parasitoids could significantly affect the population dynamics of A. hilaralis; its mean population density was highest in monocultures plantation during the rainy season compared with population densities in agroforestry systems. Three parasitoids species attacking A. hilaralis were found in these agroforestry systems, including Phanerotoma sp.,  Apanteles sp. and Brachymeria sp., while only one species (Apanteles sp.) was found in a monoculture. The rate of parasitization of  A. hilaralis within agroforestry systems was higher than in monocultures, and the level of larval parasitization by Apanteles sp. in the agroforestry system was higher in instar 1 than in other larval stages.
Short Communication: Identification and evaluation of bioactivity in forest plants used for medicinal purposes by the Kutai community of East Kalimantan, Indonesia ABDUL RASYID ZARTA; WIWIN SUWINARTI; FARIDA ARIYANI; IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA; ENOS TANGKE ARUNG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190134

Abstract

Zarta AR, Ariyani F, Suwinarti W, Kusuma IW, Arung ET. 2018. Short Communication: Identification and evaluation of bioactivity in forest plants used for medicinal purposes by the Kutai community of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 253-259. The Indonesian forest is one of the most species-rich ecosystems in the world. Within such forests are plant species with secondary metabolites that have novel molecular structure and diverse biological activity with excellent potential to be used medicinally in prevention and cure of various diseases afflicting humans. Plant materials often contain various forms of antioxidants. Phenolic compounds found in plants have many biological effects. Flavonoids and other phenolics play a protective role against metabolic damage caused by disease and environmental stressors. The communities of Kutai Kartanegara in East Kalimantan Indonesia are representative of many traditional peoples who have evolved ways of treating human ailment and disease by use of specific plants sourced from their forests. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to identify significant medicinal plant species used by the Kutai ethnic community and to prepare extracts from these plants, mainly from the leaves, and to evaluate the extracts for bioactivity; namely by general identification of secondary metabolites, and by estimation of their antioxidant activity, toxicity, and anti-bacterial activity. Samples of ten plant species, used medicinally by the Kutai community, were extracted using ethanol solvent. Assay of antioxidant activity was carried out by the spectrophotometric method using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) as the control. The degree of toxicity of the extracts was determined by the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) while anti-bacterial activity was evaluated using an in vitro assay of growth inhibition of cultures of the bacterium Escherichia coli. The result showed that nine of the plant species had strong antioxidant activity (IC50); extracts of two of the species were very toxic, while one other was toxic; and at least eight of the species had extracts that exhibited anti-bacterial activity. The phytochemical compounds identified in several of the ten species included flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids.
Ecological correlation between aquatic vegetation and freshwater fish populations in Perak River, Malaysia SITI NORASIKIN ISMAIL; MUZZALIFAH ABD HAMID; MASHHOR MANSOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190138

Abstract

Ismail SN, Abd Hamid M, Mansor M. 2018. Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve. Biodiversitas 19: 279-284. Aquatic plants play a crucial role in an aquatic ecosystem partly because these plant communities provide suitable habitats and food items to other aquatic organisms especially fish. Many fish communities use vegetation as breeding sites, nurseries and refuges for their juveniles. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide baseline data on the correlation between the aquatic plants and freshwater fishes in Perak River. Based on the findings, the abundance of aquatic plant influences the growth and health of the fish. Habitats with moderate amounts of aquatic vegetation provide the optimal environment for many fish and hence, increase the fish diversity, feeding, growth, and reproduction. In contrast, both limited and excessive vegetation may decrease fish growth rates at 75% to 85% of plant community coverage. The recent trip along the Perak discloses the presence of these aquatic plants at certain habitats. There is a positive correlation between aquatic plants and freshwater fish. The association between aquatic plants and fish assemblages has been documented in scientific studies with the conclusion that moderate plant densities could enhance the fish diversity, feeding, growth, and reproduction.
Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve MOBOLAJI ADENIYI; YEMI ODEYEMI; OLU ODEYEMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190139

Abstract

Adeniyi M, Odeyemi Y, Odeyemi O. 2018. Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve. Biodiversitas 19: 285-295. This study investigated the ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms at Environmental Pollution Science and Technology (ENPOST) forest reserve, Ilesa, Southwestern Nigeria. Mushrooms growing in the ligneous and terrestrial habitats of the forest were collected, identified and enumerated between March 2014 and March 2015. Diversity indices including species richness, dominance, and species diversity were evaluated. Correlation (p < 0.05) was determined among climatic data and diversity indices. A total of 151 mushroom species specific to their respective habitats were obtained. The highest monthly species richness (70) was obtained in October 2014. While a higher dominance was observed in the terrestrial habitat during the rainy and dry seasons (0.072 and 0.159 respectively), species diversity was higher in the ligneous and terrestrial habitats during the rainy season (3.912 and 3.304 respectively). Overall, the highest carpophores in ligneous and terrestrial habitats were recorded in Schizophyllum commune (10,737) and Mycena monticola (760) correspondingly. Correlation analysis revealed that average monthly precipitation positively correlated with the relative abundance of mushrooms in the terrestrial habitat (r = 0.716, p = 0.013). This study shows the diversity of mushrooms at ENPOST forest, thereby necessitating strict and sustainable conservation measures especially those with great economic values.
Rapid assessment method for population estimation of softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert, 1770) and reticulated python (Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801) MARIANA TAKANDJANDJI; HENDRA GUNAWAN; VIVIN SILVALIANDRA SIHOMBING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190136

Abstract

Takandjandji M, Gunawan H, Sihombing VS. 2018. Rapid assessment method for population estimation of softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert, 1770) and reticulated python (Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801). Biodiversitas 19: 265-271. The decreasing number of soft-shell turtle and reticulated python in the wild is due to high demand of the animal in local as well as international market. The condition made the Indonesian government set particular collecting and trading quota for the reptiles, but unfortunately, it does not automatically guarantee their preservation. Current collecting practices will lead to population decline and even extinction of the species since the reptiles’ population in the wild has not yet been accurately determined. The purpose of the research was to determine a rapid method of population estimation to establish a baseline for determining collecting quota for the reptiles, especially of softshell turtles and reticulated pythons. The study was conducted in East Kalimantan using the method of deep interviews of 20 respondents (exporters, fishers, traders, collectors) and 15 key respondents (government officials). The results of this survey showed that the collect reptiles were collected from the wild, since up to now, there has been no successful breeding program of reptiles. The collected reptiles were dominated by female adult softshell turtles collected from Kotabangun area which has collecting quota of 1,080/year (1/3 of the exporting quota for East Kalimantan). Softshell turtles collected from Kotabangun have bigger in stature than those found in West Java and Jakarta, and the reticulated pythons collected from Kotabangun are longer than those found in West Java and Jakarta. The number of reticulated pythons collected from Kotabangun reaches 4,800 individuals/year (1/4 of the quota set for East Kalimantan export).
Bioconcentration of heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes of South Urals region lakes TATYANA G. KRUPNOVA; IRINA V. MASHKOVA; ANASTASIYA M. KOSTRYUKOVA; NIKITA O. EGOROV; SVETLANA V. GAVRILKINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190140

Abstract

Krupnova TG, Mashkova IV, Kostryukova AM, Egorov NO, Gavrilkina SV. 2018. Bioconcentration of heavy metals in aquatic macrophytes of South Urals region lakes. Biodiversitas 19: 296-302. This paper studies bioconcentration of heavy metals in macrophytes. High concentration of heavy metal compounds in the lakes of South Ural is natural. Moreover, some of the South Ural lakes are polluted by heavy metals that get into the water together with partly treated sewage of ferrous and non-ferrous industries as well as mining. The paper analyzes similarities and differences of macrophyte communities in six lakes: Bolshoye Miassovo, Bolshoy Ishkul, Bolshoy Tatkul, Argayash, Savelkul, Baraus. In our research, we determined species diversity for each lake. Potamogeton lucens L. and Lemna minor L. were found in all the studied lakes, and the concentrations of heavy metals were studied in their leaves. Such metals as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn were found in macrophytes. We obtained a metal ratio Mn <Fe<Cu<Zn in plant leaves. High accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn was observed in Lemna while Mn accumulates equally. Metals bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated
Edge effects on biomass, growth, and tree diversity of a degraded peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia DWI ASTIANI; LISA M. CURRAN; MUJIMAN MUJIMAN; DESSY RATNASARI; RUSPITA SALIM; NELLY LISNAWATY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190137

Abstract

Astiani D, Curran LM, Mujiman, Ratnasari D, Salim R, Lisnawaty N. 2018. Edge effects on biomass, growth, and tree diversity of a degraded peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 272-278. Tropical forested peatlands in Indonesia are threatened by logging and clearing which reduce their ecosystem functions and degrade the environment. Land use change activities disturbed intact forests, resulted in landscape fragmentation. Scattered forest matrices resulted in forest edge areas, which will considerably affect the forest biotic and abiotic conditions, as well as forest tree dynamics within the edge sites. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of forest edge on perimeter of the forest fragment on the forest biomass stock, growth, tree basal area as well as species composition, richness and abundance in a degraded peatland forest in West Kalimantan. A twelve-ha forest was divided into 35 plots in the interior forest and 13 at the forest edge; each plot was 50 m by 50 m in size based on their abiotic conditions such as light and temperatures. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was measured in each plot of both forest edge and interior sites using Licor-2100. The results indicated that even though the biomass levels maintained relatively moderate to high levels on both sites, forest edge significantly lowered forest biomass by 32%, reduced 23-25% of tree-biomass growth per unit area for both tree diameter of 10-20 cm and >20 cm. There was a shift of tree species composition, 76 species were found on both sites, 24 species were not found in edge site, but present in the interior site and 10 species were found only in edge site. Peatland forest matrix created forest edges that are lowering peatland forest roles in sequestering carbon per unit area and reducing species diversity. Peatland forest restoration should be conducted to reduce forest matrices and to lower the edge effects.
Phylogenetic analysis of colubrid snakes based on 12S rDNA reveals distinct lineages of Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) populations in Sumatra and Java FITRA ARYA DWI NUGRAHA; FATCHIYAH FATCHIYAH; NIA KURNIAWAN; ERIC NELSON SMITH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190141

Abstract

Nugraha FAD, Fatchiyah F, Smith EN, Nia Kurniawan N. 2018. ­­Phylogenetic analysis of colubrid snakes based on 12S rDNA reveals distinct lineages of Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) populations in Sumatra and Java. Biodiversitas 19: 303-310. The phylogenetic relationship among the major colubrid snakes, particularly those of the subfamily Colubrinae, has been the subject of much debate. Also, there was limited data on the molecular relationships of Sundaland colubrid snakes. This study aimed to examine the relationships among colubrid snakes from Sumatra and Java based on fragments of 12S rDNA gene. We sequenced 17 specimens of colubrid snakes representing 5 genera and 2 subfamilies: Colubrinae and Ahaetullinae. We used maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods for inferring phylogenetic relationships. The result of our phylogenetic analyses is in line with the previous findings for the separation between Colubrinae and Ahaetullinae. Interestingly, we found two distinct clades of Dendrelaphis pictus species with the high genetic divergence between them where D. pictus from Sumatra and West Java separated from Central and East Java clade. Our divergence time estimation showed that the differentiation between these clades of D. pictus occurred in the late Miocene epoch (8.9 Ma) when Sumatra and Java separated after being inundated in the early Miocene epoch.

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