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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Short Communication: The clay nanoparticle impregnation for increasing the strength and quality of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and white meranti (Shorea bracteolata) timber TAMAN ALEX; BUDI WINARNI; IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA; ENOS TANGKE ARUNG; EDY BUDIARSO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090119

Abstract

Alex T, Winarni B, Kusuma IW, Arung ET, Budiarso E. 2017. Short Communication: The clay nanoparticle impregnation for increasing the strength and quality of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and white meranti (Shorea bracteolata) timber. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 107-110. The clay nanoparticle impregnation for increasing the strength and quality of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and white meranti (Shorea bracteolata) timber. The clay nanoparticles as a fine particle material dissolved in water was impregnated into the sengon and white meranti timber in order to improve its strength properties. Impregnation is the process of inserting the material dissolved in specific water or liquid in the timber using vacuum tube and air pressure. Materials used in this study were clay nanoparticles and the sample test of sengon (P. falcataria) and white meranti (S.bracteolata) timbers with a size of 2 cm x 2 cm x 40 cm. A total of 30 samples for each type of dried timber were impregnated using clay nanoparticles with a pressure of 60 psi for 2 hours. The results showed that impregnation with clay nanoparticles at concentrations of 5% gave the retention value of sengon and white meranti timber of 22.73 kg.m3 and 24.89 kg.m3, respectively. Wood strength is indicated by the voltage value at the boundary proportion (SPL), modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). sengon timber shows the value of SPL, MOR, MOE by 296.57 kg.cm2, 376.36 kg.cm2, and 38027.663 kg.cm2, while the white meranti timber had the value of SPL, MOR, MOE as follows: 623, 32 kg.cm2, 729.69 kg.cm2 and 160.187 kg.cm2. The strength of sengon timber was increased from class V (very low) to class IV (low), whereas white meranti was increased from class IV (low) into class II (strong).
Response of soybean genotypes to salinity in germination stage PRATANTI HAKSIWI PUTRI; GATUT WAHYU ANGGORO SUSANTO; RINA ARTARI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090203

Abstract

Putri PH, Susanto GWA, Artari R. 2017. Response of soybean genotypes to salinity in germination stage. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 133-137. Salinity is one of the agricultural problem, especially in marginal land. The negative impact of salinity for plants such as delay germination time, growth inhibition, reduce nodules formation, decrease biomass accumulation, and reduce yield quantity and quality. Initial selection for salt resistance of soybean, conducted on 16 genotypes, using three levels of NaCl and three replications. Germination conducted for six days, in germinator which has been set at 25oC, with lighting. Mean Germination Time (MGT), Final Germination Percent (FGP), sprout length (root and overall) and weight (fresh and dry), seedling vigor index (length and weight) were observed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by LSD at 5%. Sixteen soybean genotypes show inhibition effect of salinity. The results showed that 125 mM NaCl does not inhibit germination but it causes abnormal growth at some genotypes. Number of normal germination decreased 20-30% at 125 mM NaCl. Sprouts total length declined by 17-58% at 75 mM and 45-78% at 125 mM NaCl. Root length decrease from 23.2-55.3% at 75 mM and 52.1-81.2% in 125 mM. Fresh weight diminish by 3.8-39.9% at 75 mM and 12.7-52.5% at 125 mM NaCl. Response of sixteen soybean genotypes into salinity stress is clearly visible at sprout length and fresh weight variable. Ichiyou was salt-sensitive based on all variable especially sprout length and fresh weight, while Baluran was salttolerant up to 125 mM NaCl based on sprout length and fresh weight.
Effect of manure, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and chemical fertilizer application on the growth and yield of soybean HENNY KUNTYASTUTI; SUTRISNO SUTRISNO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090204

Abstract

Kuntyastuti H, Sutrisno. 2017. Effect of manure, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and chemical fertilizer application on the growth and yield of soybean. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 126-132. This study aimed to determine the dosages of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers for optimum growth and yield of soybean grown in acidic dryland. Treatments applied were twelve combinations of inorganic fertilizer, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and manure. These treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, each was three replicates. The growth variables of plant height and chlorophyll index were observed in every two weeks interval, started at two weeks after planting. Root length and number of nodules were observed at 45 days after planting when the maximum vegetative growth occurred. Stem and root dry weight, number of filled and empty pods, pod dry weight, grain weight, and number of seeds per plant were observed at harvest. Optimum soybean growth and yield were achieved when soybean plants were treated with a combination of 1500 kg ha-1 of manure + PSB +150 kg ha-1 of NPK chemical fertilizer.
The effect of NPK fertilizer and planting media on plant growth and saponin content of the medicinal plant Anchomanes difformis REZA RAMDAN RIVAI; FITRI FATMA WARDANI; RIZMOON NURUL ZULKARNAEN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090206

Abstract

Rivai RR, Wardani FF, Zulkarnaen RN. 2017. The effect of NPK fertilizer and planting media on plant growth and saponin content of the medicinal plant Anchomanes difformis. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 141-145. Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl., belongs to the aroid family (Araceae) and has potential as a medicinal plant. A. difformis has not in the past been widely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia, so if it is to be grown as a crop for medicinally active compounds, we must first find how best to cultivate it. The objective of the research described here was to determine an effective planting media and optimum dosage of a standard NPK fertilizer for A. difformis plant growth in pots, and saponin content of its rhizomes. The research was conducted at the Treub Laboratory and Garden Nursery, Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). A completely randomized design with three replications was used to test a factorial arrangement of two treatment factors, namely: planting media of three types; and dosage of a standard NPK fertilizer (15% N, 15% P2O5, 15% K2O) at four levels. Results showed that for plant growth of Anchomanes difformis, a mixed medium of soil/cocopeat (1:1) was the best of the three media evaluated, and the application of the NPK fertilizer at a dosage equivalent to 100 kg/ha was the optimum fertilizer level. There was no statistical interaction between the treatment factors. The rhizomes of A. difformis had their highest level of saponin content when planted in the mixed soil/cocopeat (1:1) medium, and with NPK fertilizers at a dose level of 100 kg/ha.
Antifungal activity of the extracts and fractions of dahlia tuber (Dahlia variabilis) against pathogenic skin fungi SARYONO SARYONO; NOVA OCTARINA; YUHARMEN YUHARMEN; NOVA WAHYU PRATIWI; AULIA ARDHI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090207

Abstract

Saryono, Octarina N, Yuharmen, Pratiwi NW, Ardhi A. 2017. Antifungal activity of the extracts and fractions of dahlia tuber (Dahlia variabilis) against pathogenic skin fungi. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 146-151. Dahlia plant (Dahlia variabilis) can be easily found in the highlands in Indonesia and its tuber has been reported to have some bioactive compounds which are potential to be utilized as an antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to determine antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of n-hexane and methanol extracts and fractions of red-flowered dahlia tubers against pathogenic skin fungi Candida albicans and Microsporum gypseum using disc diffusion method. The n-hexane and methanol extracts and fractions of dahlia tuber showed their antifungal activity against C. albicans and M. gypseum, with the larger activity, was found in both extracts and fractions of methanol. The best fractions of n-hexane and methanol were chosen and determined their minimum inhibitory concentration; which the F5 n-hexane fraction and the F2 methanol fraction gave the MIC of 1.50% and 0.50% against C. albicans respectively, whereas both F1 n-hexane and F2 methanol fraction gave the MIC of 0.50% against M. gypseum. The high antifungal activity of F2 of methanol extract against C. albicans and M. gypseum allowed this fraction to be utilized as a medicinal drug for candidiasis and other fungal skin infections.
Application of manure and NPK fertilizer on Grobogan variety and Aochi/W-C-6-62 soybean as promise line in lowland Vertisol Ngawi, Indonesia HENNY KUNTYASTUTI; SRI AYU DWI LESTARI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090205

Abstract

Kuntyastuti H, Lestari SAD. 2017. Application of manure and NPK fertilizer on Grobogan variety and Aochi/W-C-6-62 soybean as promise line in lowland Vertisol Ngawi, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 120-125. The effort to increase the productivity and production of soybean in lowland can be done with application of organic and/or inorganic fertilizer combined with promise line or large seed size soybean varieties that have high yield potential. Application of manure can increase soybean seed yield, but it needs a very high dose of more than 10 t manure/ha, so that often inhibits the supply, transportation, and application. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of manure and NPK fertilizer on large seed size soybean which is Grobogan variety and Aochi/W-C-6-62 soybean as promise line in lowland Vertisol. The research was conducted in lowland Vertisol Ngawi on dry season (DS) 2011. The experiment used factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was four doses of manure and the second factor was four doses combination of NPK fertilizer. The result showed that, on Vertisol soil Ngawi, Grobogan variety soybean need 2.5 t manure/ha to increase yield from 1.65 t/ha to 1.84 t/ha. To get a high yield of Aochi/W-C-6-62 soybean as promise line, there is two options fertilization. Aochi/W-C-6-62 need 7.5 t manure/ha to increase yield from 1.76 t/ha to 2.05 t/ha without inorganic fertilizer. Aochi/W-C-6-62 need 50 kg ZA + 150 kg SP-36 + 50 kg KCl/ha, but does not require additional manure to achieve 2.05 t/ha.
Short Communication: Acute toxicity effects of titanium nano particle TiO2 NPs on hematological indices in Goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758) ALIAKBAR HEDAYATI; FATEMEH DARABITABAR; SHAYDA AHMADVAND; SHARAREH AHMADVAND
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090208

Abstract

Hedayati A, Darabitabar F, Ahmadvand S, Ahmadvand S. 2017. Short Communication: Acute toxicity effects of titanium nano particle TiO2 NPs on hematological indices in Goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758). Nusantara Bioscience 9: 152-155. Metal nanoparticles which include particles manufactured from metal oxides such as zinc oxide ZnO and titanium oxide TiO2 particles are broadly used due to their inimitable attributes such as diversity level chemistries and can be prepared into a variety of figures and sizes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different TiO2 NPs concentrations on hematology indices in Goldfish (Carassius auratus). 105 goldfish with average total lengths of 6.50 ± 0.43 cm were used in this present study. Goldfish were exposed to a lethal concentration of 50% LC50 nano-titanium dioxide for a period of 0 (control), 24, 48 and 96h static toxicity examination, presented in tanks of 60L. The results of this study shows LC5096h nano titanium dioxide for goldfish is 19985±2.27 ppm and MAC value or the maximum allowable concentration calculated for this toxin is 1998 mg/L. No mortality observed in the control group. Fish exposed to nano-titanium dioxide for 7 days, a significant change in hematological (Hb, MCH, MCHC, MCV, RBC), and immunological (WBC) indices concentrations toward the control groups (p<0/05). The results of this study showed, however, LC50 of nano titanium dioxide was very high that means it doesn’t have much mortality effect, but it has negative effect on blood indices in goldfish and reduces red blood cells and hemoglobin in fish, eventually caused the death of fish.
The increase of Ultisol productivity based on intercropping cassava with peanut and soybean ARIEF HARSONO; HERDINA PRATIWI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090209

Abstract

Harsono A, Pratiwi H. 2017. The increase of Ultisol productivity based on intercropping cassava with peanut and soybean. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 157-163. The research aimed to determine the productivity and economic benefits of intercropping cassava with peanut and soybean on Ultisol dryland. Field experiment covering 2 ha land was conducted at Ultisol in East Lampung during 2011 growing season. A split plot design was used in this research involving four farmers as replications. Each farmer applied two fertilizer packages for the main plot, i.e., (A) ½ dose of recommended NPK + organic fertilizer + biofertilizer, and (B) the recommended dose of NPK. The sub-plot was intercropping system, i.e., (i) the farmer’s monoculture cassava technological package, (ii) the improved farmer’s monoculture cassava technological package, (iii) intercropping cassava + peanut, and (iv) intercropping cassava + peanut +/ soybean. The results indicated that improvement of plant spacing and NPK fertilization could increase the productivity of the farmer’s monoculture cassava technological model by 54-85% of fresh roots. The productivity could be further increased by intercropping cassava with peanut, or intercropping cassava + peanut/+ soybean. The LER of intercropping cassava + peanut was 3.30 when the technological farmer’s monoculture cassava was used as the control in the LER calculation and was 1.78 when the improved technological monoculture cassava was used as the control in the LER calculation. In addition, the LER of intercropping cassava + peanut +/soybean was 3.70 and 1.98, respectively, when the calculation of LER considered, respectively, the farmer’s monoculture cassava and improved monoculture cassava as the control. The intercropping system significantly increased the net income of monoculture system up to 210% and the higher income was generated by intercropping cassava + peanut +/soybean. The use of organic and biological fertilizer reduced the NPK fertilizer requirement by 50% and significantly increased the benefit-cost ratio.
Identification of soybean genotypes based on antixenosis and antibiosis to the armyworm (Spodoptera litura) AYDA KRISNAWATI; MARIDA SANTI YUDHA IKA BAYU; M. MUCHLISH ADIE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090210

Abstract

Krisnawati A, Bayu MSYI, Adie MM. 2017. Identification of soybean genotypes based on antixenosis and antibiosis to the armyworm (Spodoptera litura). Nusantara Bioscience 9: 164-169. Armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) is the main soybean leaf-feeding pest in Indonesia. A total of 10 soybean genotypes was identified for its resistance to armyworm through antixenosis and antibiosis tests. Genotype G100H was used as a resistant check. The experiment was conducted from April to July 2016 in Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang, Indonesia and Laboratory of Optic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia. Based on antixenosis resistance mechanism, two genotypes were resistant, two genotypes were moderately resistant, and six genotypes were susceptible to armyworm. Two resistant genotypes (G511H/Anj-1-4 and G100H) have short and dense trichome in the both of adaxial and abaxial positions. Those trichome orientation become a barrier for insect pests with chewing and biting type of mouth parts. Antibiosis resistance was evaluated based on armyworm growth. The lighter larval and pupal weight, and also a longer period of the larval and pupal stage were shown in two resistant genotypes which based on antixenosis test. Furthermore, the pupal weight seems to be more influential to the weight of larvae due to the mechanism of antibiosis. Hence, G511H/Anj-1-4 can be used as a source of the gene for improvement of soybean resistance to armyworm.
Morphometry and abnormality evaluation of sex-sorted sperm of spotted buffalo (Tedong bonga) EKAYANTI MULYAWATI KAIIN; MUHAMMAD GUNAWAN; TULUS MAULANA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090212

Abstract

Kaiin EM, Gunawan M, Maulana T. 2017. Morphometry and abnormality evaluation of sex-sorted sperm of spotted buffalo (Tedong bonga). Nusantara Bioscience 9: 175-180. This research aimed to determine the morphometry and the abnormality of the spotted buffallo (Tedong bonga) sperm after the separation of X and Y-chromosome-bearing sperms. Semen was collected from the spotted buffalo bull by using an artificial vagina.The semen quality was evaluated macro- and microscopically. Semen that met the required standard were subjected to separation by using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 5% and 10% column method. The quality of sex-sorted sperm was evaluated microscopically, including motility, concentration, viability, abnormality and intact plasma membrane. Smear preparation using Eosin-Nigrosin dyes was made for sperm morphometry and abnormality evaluation.The evaluation of sperm morphometry and abnormality was conducted on 200 sperm cells for each observation and repeated in triplicates of observation, by using Axiovision Imager Z microscope at objective and ocular magnifications 40x and 10x, respectively.The morphological parameters observed were including the length and the width of head sperm and the head area of sperm X or Y. The abnormality parameter consisted of primary and secondary abnormalities. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the head size of the Y sperm of spotted buffalo (27.16 μm2) was smaller than that of the X sperm (29.86 μm2) with the abnormality of the Y sperm (7.85%) was also lower than that of the X sperm (9.7%).

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