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Achmad Fawaid
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics
Published by CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31633676     DOI : -
Core Subject :
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics is a double blind peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes original research articles and critical studies at the intersection of linguistics, medicine, and health communication. This journal is published quarterly as a platform for the dissemination of theoretical, empirical, and interdisciplinary findings that explore how language is used, interpreted, and negotiated in medical, clinical, and healthcare contexts. It addresses a broad range of topics, including but not limited to medical discourse analysis, doctor–patient communication, clinical interaction, health narratives, language and illness, medical terminology and semantics, health communication in media and digital platforms, cross-cultural medical communication, and language-centered approaches to healthcare practices and policies.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 12 Documents
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Doctor–patient communication in rural Indonesia: a pragmatic study of directive speech acts in clinical consultations Iin Linda Nazulpa
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Language, health, and clinical interaction in Indonesian contexts
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i1.536

Abstract

Background: Rural healthcare communication in Indonesia presents complex interactional challenges where institutional authority intersects with sociocultural norms of politeness and hierarchy. Objective: This study aims to examine how directive speech acts are produced, mitigated, and sequentially organized in rural clinical consultations. Method: Using a qualitative pragmatic design, 42 recorded consultations (864 directive tokens) from community health centers, private clinics, and mobile services were transcribed and analyzed through Speech Act Theory, Politeness Theory, and Conversation Analysis. Results: The results show that advice (44.0%) and instruction (28.7%) dominate over direct commands (8.5%), indicating preference for mitigated authority. Negative politeness strategies account for 65.3% of directives, with modal verbs and hedges as primary mitigation devices. Sequential analysis reveals that short pauses correlate with immediate acknowledgment, whereas longer pauses significantly predict repair sequences. Implication: This study demonstrates that medical authority in rural Indonesia is enacted through calibrated mitigation and interactional sensitivity rather than overt coercion. Novelty: The novelty lies in integrating illocutionary classification, face management analysis, and sequential metrics into a unified model of directive negotiation in non-Western clinical discourse.
Medical jargon and patient comprehension: a linguistic analysis of informed consent practices in Indonesian hospitals Naridatul Laila
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Language, health, and clinical interaction in Indonesian contexts
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i1.537

Abstract

Background: Informed consent remains a central ethical requirement in healthcare, yet disparities in health literacy and institutional medical language continue to challenge genuine patient comprehension in Indonesian hospitals. Objective: This study aims to examine how medical jargon, discursive authority, and pragmatic interactional patterns shape patient understanding within written and spoken informed consent practices. Method: Using a qualitative-dominant mixed-method design, this research analyzes 45 consent documents, 26 recorded consultations, and 20 patient interviews through lexical density and readability metrics, Critical Discourse Analysis, and pragmatic repair theory. Results: The findings reveal consistently high lexical density and low readability levels exceeding patients’ educational profiles. Discursive patterns demonstrate systematic de-agentivization and risk transfer framing through passive constructions and legal register. Interactional analysis further shows doctor-dominated turn-taking, frequent closed confirmation checks, and limited patient-initiated repair, correlating with measurable comprehension gaps. Implication: These findings imply that improving informed consent in Indonesian healthcare requires not only simplifying language but also restructuring communicative practices to enhance patient agency, comprehension, and ethical participation. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in integrating corpus-based computational metrics with critical and pragmatic discourse analysis to conceptualize informed consent as a multi-layered discursive ecosystem rather than a purely legal or ethical instrument.
Language barriers in healthcare delivery: a sociolinguistic case study of multilingual patients in Indonesian urban clinics Maratusholikhah Nurtyas
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Language, health, and clinical interaction in Indonesian contexts
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i1.538

Abstract

Background: Indonesia’s extreme linguistic diversity, combined with rapid urbanization, has intensified multilingual encounters in primary healthcare settings, raising concerns about communicative equity and patient safety. Objective: This study investigates how language barriers operate interactionally and institutionally in urban clinics by examining code-switching practices, sequential repair patterns, and language ideologies embedded in policy frameworks. Method: Using a qualitative multi-method design, this research analyzes 52 recorded consultations, 27 sociolinguistic interviews, and institutional documents through Interactional Sociolinguistics, Conversation Analysis, and Institutional Discourse Analysis. Results: The findings reveal that code-switching clusters in diagnostic and instructional phases, functioning as an alignment strategy under epistemic pressure. Sequential breakdown–repair patterns occur systematically in high-information segments, with minimal agreement tokens frequently masking incomplete comprehension. Institutional policies emphasizing standardized Indonesian and efficiency metrics generate alignment gaps that shift communicative responsibility onto patients and families. Implication: These results demonstrate that multilingualism operates simultaneously as communicative resource and structural vulnerability. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in integrating micro-level sequential analysis with macro-level ideological critique, offering a layered explanatory model that reconceptualizes language barriers as structurally patterned phenomena within healthcare governance.
Verbal strategies for delivering bad news in oncology settings: a discourse-pragmatic approach Agus Setyo Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Language, health, and clinical interaction in Indonesian contexts
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i1.539

Abstract

Background: Cancer disclosure in oncology settings presents profound communicative challenges, as physicians must convey life-altering information while preserving patient dignity, trust, and emotional stability. Objective: This study aims to examine the sequential organization, politeness strategies, and discursive framing mechanisms employed by oncologists when delivering serious diagnoses and poor prognoses. Method: Using a qualitative multi-method design, this research analyzes 32 recorded oncology consultations, 12 physician interviews, and institutional communication guidelines through Conversation Analysis, politeness theory, and discourse-pragmatic framing analysis. Results: The findings reveal a recurrent sequential structure comprising preparatory pre-sequences, mitigated disclosure, strategic pauses, empathic alignment, and prognostic reframing. Politeness strategies such as hedging, inclusive pronouns, and euphemistic substitution systematically mitigate face-threatening acts while maintaining epistemic authority. Discursive framing shifts emphasis from biomedical finality to quality-of-life orientation and therapeutic continuity, balancing realism and hope. Implication: These findings suggest that effective cancer disclosure requires integrating sequential, relational, and framing strategies to balance medical clarity with emotional support, thereby enhancing patient trust and ethical communication in oncology. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in integrating sequential, relational, and framing dimensions into a unified discourse-pragmatic model, offering both theoretical refinement and practical implications for ethically responsible communication in oncology.
Narratives of illness in patient blogs: exploring personal voices and medical identity in Indonesian digital health discourse Muhammad Syaifuddin
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Language, health, and clinical interaction in Indonesian contexts
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i1.540

Abstract

Background: Digital health communication has expanded rapidly in Indonesia, where patient-authored blogs increasingly function as platforms for narrating illness experiences and negotiating medical identity. Objective: This study aims to examine how narrative structure, medical authority, and identity positioning are constructed and interactionally validated in Indonesian online illness narratives. Method: Using a qualitative corpus-informed design, this research analyzes 42 long-form patient blogs (≈247,000 words) and 812 associated comments through Narrative Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Positioning Theory. Results: The findings reveal a patterned narrative progression from diagnostic rupture to treatment trajectory and acceptance-oriented closure rather than restitution. Medical authority is not rejected but recontextualized through hybrid discourse combining biomedical terminology, embodied lexicon, and spiritual framing. Identity roles such as Believer, Educator, Fighter, and Family-Embedded Self are strategically mobilized and differentially reinforced through comment engagement. Implication: These findings indicate that digital illness narratives in Indonesia function as participatory spaces where medical authority and patient identities are actively negotiated and socially validated through narrative and interactional dynamics. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its integrative methodological triangulation and its demonstration that digital illness discourse in Indonesia constitutes a measurable site of authority negotiation and socially ratified identity construction within a non-Western sociocultural context.
Constructing empathy through language: a linguistic perspective on compassionate communication in mental health services Youstiana Dwi Rusita
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Language, health, and clinical interaction in Indonesian contexts
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i1.541

Abstract

Background: Mental health disorders affect hundreds of millions globally, and evidence increasingly indicates that perceived empathy in therapeutic communication significantly shapes alliance formation, adherence, and clinical outcomes. Objective: This study aims to examine how empathy is linguistically constructed and interactionally organized across face-to-face counseling, outpatient psychiatry, and tele-mental health contexts. Method: Using a qualitative corpus-based design integrating Conversation Analysis, Appraisal Theory, and discourse-pragmatic stance analysis, this research analyzes 40 therapeutic sessions, practitioner interviews, and institutional communication guidelines. Results: The findings reveal recurrent sequential architectures in which patient disclosure is followed by calibrated pauses, affective acknowledgment, and reformulative expansion that promote narrative elaboration. Linguistic markers of affect, engagement, and graduation systematically co-occur to construct emotional alignment while mitigating stigma and identity threat. A solidarity–authority continuum further demonstrates that compassion is dynamically negotiated through pronoun ecology and modality shifts rather than expressed as a static interpersonal trait. Implication: These findings suggest that empathy in therapeutic settings is not an inherent trait but a dynamically constructed discourse practice that can be systematically trained to improve alliance, reduce stigma, and enhance clinical outcomes. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in advancing a multidimensional linguistic framework that operationalizes empathy as a structured, measurable, and computationally traceable discourse phenomenon within mental health services.
When fluent advice becomes unsafe: evaluating accuracy, uncertainty, and communicative risk in Indonesian AI-generated health responses Novela Eka Candra Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Artificial intelligence, multilingual care, and communicative safety in Indones
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i2.943

Abstract

Background: AI-generated health advice is increasingly encountered by Indonesian users as a convenient source of explanation, reassurance, and self-care guidance, yet its linguistic fluency may conceal biomedical incompleteness, weak uncertainty marking, and unsafe action cues. Objective: This study aims to evaluate Indonesian AI-generated health responses by examining how accuracy, uncertainty communication, and communicative risk interact across safety-sensitive health domains. Method: Using a qualitative-dominant corpus design, this study analysed 15 Indonesian prompt-response units linked to official public-health references and coded each response for accuracy, completeness, disclaimer relevance, referral specificity, directive force, tone, and risk level. Results: Findings show that only 4 responses were both accurate and complete, whereas 5 were accurate but incomplete, 4 were partially aligned with weak red-flag articulation, and 2 were misleading or unsafe. Uncertainty was often present as generic disclaimer language, but it was not consistently translated into specific referral advice or usable escalation thresholds. Implication: Communicative risk emerged when empathetic, calm, or accessible responses softened urgency, normalised self-management, or implied authority beyond available clinical information. Novelty: This study contributes a linguistic-pragmatic model for AI-health evaluation by demonstrating that safe advice requires alignment between factual accuracy, explicit uncertainty, and responsible communicative force.
Can telemedicine hear the patient? interactional asymmetry, symptom narration, and diagnostic uncertainty in Indonesian virtual consultations Mostafa Shaban
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Artificial intelligence, multilingual care, and communicative safety in Indones
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i2.944

Abstract

Background: Indonesia’s rapid normalization of telemedicine has widened access to medical contact while intensifying concern over whether platform-mediated consultation can adequately receive patient experience, symptom ambiguity, and diagnostic concern. Objective: This study examines how interactional asymmetry, symptom narration, and diagnostic uncertainty are organized in Indonesian virtual consultation discourse. Method: A qualitative corpus-based discourse-pragmatic design was applied to 20 public and verifiable telemedicine documents from government institutions, health platforms, hospital websites, app pages, and public consultation materials, coded through asymmetry mapping, symptom-narration analysis, and diagnostic-closure analysis. Results: Findings show that virtual consultation access is structured by institutional eligibility, platform routing, doctor selection, payment, emergency exclusion, and professional interpretation, positioning patients as active users whose agency remains procedurally constrained. Patient symptoms are made clinically usable through complaint prompts, uploaded evidence, symptom-checking tools, medical histories, and consultation summaries, yet extended illness chronology and contextual experience receive less visible space than short platform-ready entries. Implication: Diagnostic uncertainty is managed through referral, provisional recommendation, prescription pathways, safety boundaries, evidence requests, and digital non-substitution disclaimers, indicating that telemedicine offers guidance while preserving limits of remote clinical judgment. Novelty: This study contributes a discourse-pragmatic account of Indonesian telemedicine as mediated listening architecture where access, narration, and uncertainty are co-produced within platformed clinical communication.
Lost between languages and symptoms: multilingual communication breakdowns and patient safety in Indonesian emergency care Noni Fidya Ayu Anandasari
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Artificial intelligence, multilingual care, and communicative safety in Indones
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i2.945

Abstract

Background: Multilingual emergency care in Indonesia operates at the intersection of clinical urgency, regional language diversity, and patient-safety demands, where symptoms must be transformed rapidly into actionable diagnostic and triage information. Objective: This study examines how multilingual communication breakdowns are represented and how they become safety-relevant across Indonesian emergency-care discourse. Method: Using a qualitative corpus-based discourse-pragmatic design, this study analyzed 22 publicly verifiable documents, including Indonesian regulations, Ministry materials, national clinical-communication studies, emergency-language access research, and global patient-safety frameworks. Results: Findings show that communication risk is most visibly institutionalized through governance language, yet multilingual procedures remain under-specified in relation to dialect, interpreter access, family mediation, and patient-understandable explanation. Interactional analysis indicates that breakdowns cluster around symptom elicitation, consent, discharge instruction, documentation, and mediation, suggesting that misunderstanding emerges across care transitions rather than at a single conversational point. Implication: Safety-linkage analysis further shows that diagnostic uncertainty, triage prioritization, documentation continuity, disclosure, and institutional readiness are the main pathways through which linguistic ambiguity may become patient-safety vulnerability. Novelty: By integrating medical linguistics, discourse pragmatics, and diagnostic-safety analysis, this study reframes language access as emergency-care infrastructure and offers a cautious model for examining multilingual risk without claiming unsupported causality for future empirical work in multilingual, high-pressure clinical research settings.
From radiology report to patient narrative: comparing expert- and AI-generated simplifications of Indonesian medical information Ica Maulina Rifkiyatul Islami
Indonesian Journal of Medical Linguistics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Artificial intelligence, multilingual care, and communicative safety in Indones
Publisher : CV Narasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67490/ijml.v1i2.946

Abstract

Background: Radiology reports increasingly enter patient-facing digital health environments, yet their technical vocabulary, compressed syntax, and implicit diagnostic reasoning often exceed lay comprehension, particularly in multilingual Indonesian healthcare contexts. Objective: This study aims to compare how expert- and AI-generated simplifications transform Indonesian radiology-related information into patient narratives across readability, semantic fidelity, and narrative-pragmatic alignment. Method: A comparative qualitative-dominant corpus design was applied to 68 coded meaning units derived from 17 publicly verifiable radiology-related documents, with paired expert and AI simplifications analysed through health-literacy, clinical-risk, and patient-centred discourse matrices. Results: Findings show that AI-generated simplifications more frequently improved lexical accessibility, direct patient address, explanatory sequencing, orientation sentences, and actionable guidance. Expert-generated simplifications more consistently preserved uncertainty, diagnostic caution, warning, proportional reassurance, and source-bound clinical meaning. Implication: Results further indicate that readability gains and patient-centred voice do not automatically guarantee semantic accountability, because fluent AI explanations may introduce unsupported additions, softened risk, or overconfident reformulation. Novelty: This study contributes a triadic framework for evaluating medical simplification as readability transformation, semantic fidelity, and narrative-pragmatic alignment rather than as plain-language rewriting alone.

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