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Judiciary ( Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan )
Published by Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
ISSN : 18583865     EISSN : 30633869     DOI : -
Core Subject :
JUDICIARY ( Jurnal Hukum & Keadilan ) diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya secara berkala 2 kali dalam setahun (Juni dan Desember). Jurnal ini adalah jurnal yang bertemakan Ilmu Hukum, dengan manfaat dan tujuan bagi perkembangan Ilmu Hukum, dengan mengedepankan sifat orisinalitas, kekhususan dan kemutakhiran artikel pada setiap terbitannya. Tujuan dari publikasi Jurnal ini adalah untuk memberikan ruang mempublikasikan pemikiran hasil penelitian orisinal, para akademisi yaitu mahasiswa maupun dosen yang belum pernah dipublikasikan pada media lainnya. Memfokuskan diri mempublikasikan artikel ilmiah hukum dengan topik-topik sebagai berikut: Hukum Perdata Hukum Tata Negara Hukum Administrasi Hukum Pidana Hukum Internasional Hukum Acara Hukum Adat Hukum Bisnis Hukum Kepariwisataan Hukum Lingkungan Hukum Dan Masyarakat Hukum Informasi Teknologi dan Transaksi Elektronik Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Hukum Kontemporer.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 15 issue 1 (2026)" : 10 Documents clear
Constitutional Validity and Impact of the 1959 and 2001 Presidential Decrees on Indonesian Constitutional Law Temmy Adhytama
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.293

Abstract

The Presidential Decree of 5 July 1959 and the Presidential Proclamation of 23 July 2001 were two extra-constitutional presidential actions arising from structural deadlock among state institutions, despite being separated by more than four decades and differing political contexts. This article analyzes the constitutional validity of both actions and their impact on the checks and balances mechanism within Indonesian constitutional law following the amendment of the 1945 Constitution. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches, supported by descriptive qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings show that the validity of the 1959 Decree is more accurately assessed through the doctrine of staatsnoodrecht, given that the Constitutional Assembly was functionally paralyzed at the time and the President's action subsequently gained de facto recognition from the House of Representatives. In contrast, the 2001 Proclamation received no such recognition from any state institution and was declared unlawful by the Supreme Court, ultimately leading to President Abdurrahman Wahid's removal by the People's Consultative Assembly. The differing outcomes of these two events demonstrate that the risk of abuse of presidential emergency power depends on the capacity of other state institutions to restrain and scrutinize such actions. Both events also gave rise to significant constitutional restrictions, particularly the prohibition on dissolving the House of Representatives and the establishment of a judicial impeachment mechanism through the Constitutional Court. This article recommends strengthening legislative and judicial oversight of presidential emergency powers to prevent similar patterns from recurring in the future.
Effectiveness of Consumer Protection across Public Service Sectors in Indonesia from a Normative Juridical Perspective Meysa Afriska Dewi; Aulia Nur Indah Septiana; Ahmad Fakhrudin
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.308

Abstract

Public services in Indonesia, covering sectors such as education, health, transportation, and electricity, remain vital to daily life, yet consumers within these sectors continue to face poor service quality, non-transparent tariffs, and weak complaint mechanisms despite the long-standing existence of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Prior studies have generally examined consumer protection either as a broad legal certainty issue or within a single sector, leaving a gap in cross-sectoral analysis of how consumer protection is actually enforced across the full range of public services regulated under Law Number 25 of 2009. This study aims to identify the main problems consumers face, evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations across twelve public service sectors, and formulate recommendations for strengthening consumer protection. Using a normative juridical method with statute and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes primary legal materials alongside complaint data from the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia. The findings show that regulatory frameworks are generally adequate in written form, but enforcement effectiveness varies sharply between sectors overseen by a single independent regulator, such as financial services under the Financial Services Authority, and sectors whose oversight is dispersed across local governments, such as education, environment, and clean water, where protracted delays and service denial dominate reported maladministration. The study recommends centralized sectoral oversight, uniform complaint-handling standards, and more explicit compensation provisions for education and health consumers.
Standard Contract Clauses from the Perspective of Consumer Protection Law Sita Fatimatus Solikah; Siti Maulidiana
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.311

Abstract

The legal relationship between business actors and consumers under Indonesian law is formally equal, yet consumers frequently occupy a weaker bargaining position because standard clauses (klausula baku) are drafted unilaterally by business actors before any agreement is reached. This condition raises two problems, namely how the concept and regulation of standard clauses operate within Indonesian consumer contract law, and how such clauses should be assessed from the perspective of Islamic contract law (akad), given that unilaterally imposed terms may conflict with the principle of mutual consent (an taradin minkum) and the prohibition of excessive uncertainty (gharar). This study aims to examine the concept and legal arrangement of standard clauses under Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and to analyze standard clauses from the perspective of Islamic contract law. The research applies a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, drawing on primary legal materials and recent literature published between 2021 and 2025. The findings show that Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law prohibits eight categories of exonerative clauses, and any clause that violates these provisions is void by operation of law, while comparative practice in the United Kingdom and the United States relies respectively on a statutory fairness test and the doctrine of unconscionability. From the perspective of Islamic contract law, standard clauses are permissible so long as they do not contain gharar and do not coerce consent, and the khiyar mechanism serves as a corrective instrument that positive consumer law alone does not provide.
Social Change as a Driver of Legal Reform in Indonesia through a Sociology of Law Perspective Nazla Ceschia Revaandhini; Dinda Dinanti
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.353

Abstract

Social change is a continuous process of shifting structures and orders within society, one that often creates a gap between the law in force and the evolving needs of the community, as reflected in the recent amendments to the ITE Law and the Criminal Code. Although the relationship between law and social change is not a new subject, most prior studies tend to focus on a single legal product in isolation or on a single theoretical framework, so that few have mapped how various theoretical perspectives operate together to explain the dynamics of legal reform in Indonesia. This article aims to examine how social change occurs within society and how it acts as a driving factor for legal reform in Indonesia from a sociology of law perspective. The research applies a library research approach, drawing on books, scientific articles, and various printed and electronic documents as its main sources, which are then analyzed descriptively to explain the relationship between social change, society, and legal reform in Indonesia. The findings show that changes in values, norms, behavior, social structures, and technological advancement create a mismatch between the law in force and the needs of society, generating an urgent need for legal reform, as seen in the amendments to the ITE Law and the Criminal Code. Thus, it can be concluded that social transformation plays a key role in legal reform, ensuring that law remains relevant, flexible, and capable of meeting the ever-changing dynamics of Indonesian society.
Government Responsibility in Controlling Deforestation: A Constitutional Perspective on Article 28H(1) and Article 33(3) of the 1945 Constitution Ramdan Sukria; Taufiq Alamsyah
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.367

Abstract

Indonesia holds one of the world's largest tropical forest reserves, yet persistent deforestation continues to threaten the constitutional guarantee of a good and healthy environment enshrined in Article 28H(1) and the state's mandate to manage natural resources for public welfare under Article 33(3) of the 1945 Constitution. While prior studies have examined the constitutional right to environment in general terms, this study offers novelty by using the December 2025 flash flood disaster in Sumatra, which killed hundreds and displaced thousands, as a concrete case study to empirically test the extent to which these constitutional mandates have been implemented in forest governance. Employing a normative juridical method with a statute approach, this study analyzes national forestry and environmental regulations against the constitutional provisions. The findings show that despite a net national deforestation figure of 175,400 hectares in 2024, law enforcement institutions handled only 187 criminal cases and imposed 3,474 administrative sanctions in the same year, a scale gap that reflects weak institutional oversight rather than a lack of regulatory instruments. The study concludes that fulfilling the constitutional mandate on environmental protection requires strengthening institutional enforcement capacity and integrating ecological indicators into national development planning, rather than relying on normative declarations alone.
Application of the Lex Specialis Principle in Addressing Child Sexual Violence by Biological Parents Winda Aryati
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.372

Abstract

Sexual violence against children committed by biological parents constitutes a complex human rights violation, as it occurs within family power relations that are difficult to reach through external oversight. Indonesian regulation addresses this issue through three overlapping legal regimes, namely the Criminal Code, the Child Protection Law, and the Sexual Violence Crimes Law, yet prior studies have rarely examined how these three regimes should relate to one another, particularly through the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali, when the perpetrator holds the status of biological father. This study aims to analyze the application of criminal provisions to a reported case of sexual intercourse committed by a father against his biological child that remains under legal process, and to formulate the appropriate hierarchy among the three regulations. This study employs normative legal research with a statute approach and a case approach, referring to a case reportedly occurring in the Banten region. The findings indicate that the reported conduct potentially fulfills the elements of criminal offenses under all three regulations at once, such that the Child Protection Law and the Sexual Violence Crimes Law should be prioritized as lex specialis over the Criminal Code. This study further finds that the completeness of victim protection norms on paper does not necessarily correspond with their implementation in practice, so that strengthening technical law enforcement guidelines and pursuing further harmonization among the regulations remain necessary to ensure effective child protection.
Theft as a Complaint Offence (Delik Aduan) under Indonesian Criminal Law: A Normative-Juridical Study in Light of the 2023 Criminal Code Reform, with Reference to Decision Number 497/Pid.B/2023/PN.Sby Widya Ericke Cindy Elviana; Imam Suroso
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.386

Abstract

Theft committed within a family constitutes a distinct category of property crime under Indonesian criminal law because it is treated as a complaint offense (delik aduan), allowing prosecution only upon the victim’s complaint. Indonesia’s transition from the colonial-era Criminal Code (KUHP) to the 2023 National Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023), effective 2 January 2026, has revised the legal framework governing family theft, yet its implications for cases decided under the previous Code remain insufficiently examined. This study analyzes the regulation and sanctions for family theft under both the old and new Criminal Codes and examines the mechanisms available for resolving such cases, including restorative justice, as well as the factors influencing victims’ decisions to pursue formal prosecution. Using a normative-juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the research qualitatively analyzes legal materials through deductive descriptive analysis. The findings show that criminal liability and sanctions for family theft depend primarily on the familial relationship between the offender and the victim and on the victim’s decision to file a complaint. These principles are illustrated by Surabaya District Court Decision Number 497/Pid.B/2023/PN.Sby, in which the victim’s parents chose formal prosecution after the proceeds of the theft were used to purchase narcotics, demonstrating that restorative settlement may be considered inappropriate under certain circumstances. Although restorative justice remains an important mechanism for preserving family harmony, its application is discretionary and depends on the willingness of the parties and the seriousness of the underlying conduct.
Employer Liability for Fire Losses: An Analysis of Decision No. 129/Pdt.G/2022/PN Pal Dinda Putri Nur Aini; Siti Ngaisah
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.387

Abstract

This article examines employer liability and the proof of damages in Palu District Court Decision No. 129/Pdt.G/2022/PN Pal. The dispute arose from an explosion involving liquefied petroleum gas cylinders transported in a company vehicle and driven by its employee, resulting in a fire and damage to the Plaintiff’s property. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The primary legal materials comprise the Indonesian Civil Code and the court decision, while the secondary materials address unlawful acts, negligence, employer liability, causation, and compensation. The findings demonstrate that the employment relationship and the connection between the employee’s conduct and his assigned work provided an adequate basis for applying Article 1367 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code. However, the judgment did not clearly distinguish between the employee’s underlying unlawful act and the vicarious liability imposed on the employer. The partial award of material damages and rejection of immaterial damages were defensible under evidentiary principles because compensation must correspond to losses proved during the proceedings. Nevertheless, the court should have identified more systematically the evidence supporting each loss, the method used to determine the awarded amount, and the reasons for rejecting individual components of the claim. This article proposes an integrated framework combining fault, employment relationship, scope of employment, causation, and proof of loss when assessing employer liability for fire-related damage.
Judicial Reasoning in Adjudicating the Annulment of Catholic Marriage: A Critical Analysis of Decision Number 39/Pdt.P/2021/Pn.Psb Agnes Medicindy Putri Ardi; Sinarianda Kurnia Hartantien
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.389

Abstract

Marriage annulment in Indonesia lies at the intersection of national civil law and the religious law governing the spouses, particularly for Catholics whose marriages are also subject to the Codex Iuris Canonici (KHK). Although marriage annulment differs fundamentally from divorce, its application in Indonesian courts remains insufficiently examined, especially in cases involving Catholic marriages. This study analyzes Decision Number 39/PDT.P/2021/PN.PSB, in which the Pasaman Barat District Court granted a Catholic couple’s petition for marriage annulment, to assess whether the court’s reasoning is consistent with Indonesian Marriage Law and the substantive doctrine of canonical nullity. Using normative legal research with statutory and case approaches, the study examines the decision alongside relevant legislation, the KHK, and scholarly literature. The findings show that while the court referred to canonical provisions, its reasoning primarily relied on Article 2 of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, rather than the substantive grounds for nullity established under the KHK. This demonstrates a conflation between civil marriage validity and canonical marriage validity, resulting in doctrinal inconsistency. The study concludes that judges should clearly distinguish civil and canonical concepts of marriage validity when adjudicating religiously grounded annulment petitions to ensure greater legal certainty and doctrinal coherence.
Implementation of Legal Protection for Child Victims of Sexual Violence in the East Java Regional Police Jurisdiction Zhellmadda Quanes Redjshi; Jonaedi Efendi
Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan Vol. 15 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55499/judiciary.v15i1.390

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of legal protection for child victims of sexual violence within the jurisdiction of the East Java Regional Police, focusing on the Women and Children Service Unit of the Sub-Directorate for Adolescents, Children, and Women. It employs empirical legal research with a socio-legal approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews with two investigators as key informants and direct observation of victim-handling procedures. Secondary data were collected from legislation and scholarly literature. The data were analysed qualitatively by comparing normative child-protection standards with investigative and service practices. The findings demonstrate that the East Java Regional Police have implemented complaint registration, needs assessment, legal assistance, healthcare services, social rehabilitation, and coordination with regional service institutions. Nevertheless, implementation has not been fully effective. The principal barriers include the limited number of investigators with expertise in child psychology and forensic interviewing, difficulties in obtaining consistent accounts from child victims, limited witness testimony, medical or psychological examinations that do not always produce clinical findings, and inadequate temporary protection facilities. The study concludes that procedural compliance with legislation does not necessarily ensure substantive protection. Effective protection requires improved investigator competence, standardised child-friendly interviewing, stronger interinstitutional coordination, and sustained recovery services. These measures are necessary to protect the child’s dignity while preserving the accuracy and evidentiary value of the investigative process.

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