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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011" : 6 Documents clear
EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS BROWNING OF COCONUT ENDOSPERM CULTURE IN VITRO SUKAMTO*, LAZARUS AGUS
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (565.689 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2011.18.1.136

Abstract

The possibility of physiological age and growth regulators affecting callus browning of coconut endosperm was investigated. Solid endosperm explants of four coconut fruits from same brunches of two coconut cultivars “Samoan Dwarf” were grown on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) formula with addition of 10 mg l-1 putresine, 2.50 g l-1 activated charcoal (AC), 1.70 g l-1 phytagel, 0, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram)  combined with 10-5M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Callogenesis occurred on 98.83% of explants.  Callus browning between different physiological ages (antipodal and micropylar tissues) of coconut endosperm at  9, 26 and 31 weeks of culture (WOC) was significantly different, but not at 16 and 21 WOC. Auxins of 2,4-D and Picloram did not affect significantly callus browning of endosperm cultures. Auxin doses at 10-6, 10-5, and 10-4M decreased significantly callus browning at 9 and 16 WOC, respectively,  but at 10-6M  browning was less significant compared to  other doses at  21 WOC. Auxin dose at 10-3 M caused  less significant  browning compared to  other doses at  31 WOC. The addition of BA decreased significantly callus browning at  9 WOC , but did not affect callus browning thereafter. Key words: Coconut, in vitro, Picloram, 2,4-D, BA  
EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SHOOT MULTIPLICATION AND ROOT INDUCTION OF CASSAVA VARIETIES CULTURE IN VITRO SUKMADJAJA, DEDEN; WIDHIASTUTI, HERNI
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (222.072 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2011.18.1.138

Abstract

A study on propagation of three superior cassava Manihot esculenta( Crant) varieties i.e.Darul Hidayah, Malang-6 and Adira-4 through tissue culture technique was conducted at theTissue Culture Lab of SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor. The objective of the experiment was tostudy effect of plant growth regulators on Manihot esculenta propagation, which can be used in cassavamicropropagation protocol. Plant materials used were auxiliary shoots of a stem node. Theexperiment consisted of (i) shoot multiplication, (ii) roots induction, and (iii) acclimatization.The multiple shoot regeneration was observed by using Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal mediasupplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L of benzylaminopurine (BAP) combined with 0.0,0.1 and 1.0mg/L of thidiazuron. The root induction was observed by using 0.1 and 1.0mg/Lof IBA and NAA. The resulting plantlets were transplanted into plastic polybags containingsoil mixed with organic fertilizer (1:1) covered with plastic sheets and transferred to agreenhouse. The result of the study showed that the highest number of shoots for DarulHidayah, Malang-6 and Adira-4 varieties were 4.93 shoots treated with BAP 1 mg/L +thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L, 4.20 shoots at BAP media of 1 mg/L, and 7.20 shoots at the mediaof BAP 1 mg/L + thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L respectively. The highest number of nodes producedwas 2.9 nodes for Darul Hidayah at BAP 5 mg/L, 5.13 nodes for Malang-6 at BAP 0.1 mg/L,and 6.18 nodes forAdira-4 at BAP 5mg/L + thidiazuron 1mg/L. The utilization of auxin IAAor NAA could induce and accelerate the growth of roots which finally could increase thesuccess of acclimatization process. With an average of four multiplication factors of eachculture period, the potency of each cassava shoot propagated through tissue culture couldproduce around 37 000 plants/year. Keywords:Manihot esculenta, shoot multiplication, root induction, BA, thidiazuron, IBA,NAA
COMPARISON OF THREE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF GENE TRANSFER IN HUMPBACK GROUPER ( ) CROMILEPTES ALTIVELIS SUMANTADINATA, KOMAR; SUBYAKTO, SLAMET; ALIMUDDIN; RUSTIDJA; JATI, M. SASMITO; FAIZAL, IRVAN; ALIAH, RATU SITI; TRIASTUTIK, GEMI
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (273.406 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2011.18.1.134

Abstract

Humpback grouper is one of the most cultured fishes in Asia, including Indonesia. Themain problemfaced by humpback culture is its slow growth rate.One of themethods that willbe more effective and efficient to solve the problem is using transgenic technique. This studywas conducted to determine the effectiveness of transfection,microinjection and electroporationtechniques on gene transfer in humpback grouper. transfection was performed byincubating sperm to the foreign DNA (pktBP-ktGH gene construct)-transfectant complexsolution, while was by injecting those complex solution into testis of mature males.Microinjection was conducted in 2-4 cell stage embryos using 25 μg/ml of foreign DNAsolution, and duration of injection was 1, 2 and 3 seconds. Electroporation by 50 V, 30 ms ofpulse length, 5 of pulse number and 0.1 of pulse interval was performed to sperm using threeDNA concentration of 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml. The incorporation of foreign DNA in sperm andembryos were analyzed using PCR method. Based on PCR analysis, an optimum DNAconcentration for electroporation was 10 μg/ml. Limited number of embryos could bemicroinjected during 20-30 min to reach 2-4 cell stage. Microinjection for 1 second showedhigher survival rate of embryos, although none or very low number of larvae was hatched.Transfast was an effective DNA delivery reagent for humpback grouper sperm. Foreign DNAcould be detected in sperm from two out of ten transfected fish at least 36 hours posttransfection (hpt). By transfection, foreign DNA was detected in sperm at 48 hpt 25 Cincubation temperature. Our study revealed that transfection, microinjection as well aselectroporation could be used as transgenesis methods in humpback grouper. By means ofsimplicity and efficacy, however, electroporationwas an appropriate gene transfermethod.oIn vitroin vivoin vivoin vitro
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CELL CULTURE JATROPHA CURCAS ELFAHMI, ELFAHMI; ARTRI; RUSLAN, KOMAR
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2011.18.1.137

Abstract

Jatropha curcas belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family which has potential economically. This plant has been reported to contain toxic compounds such as curcin and phorbol ester and its derivatives. These compounds may become a problem if J. curcas will be explored as a source of biofuel. In order to provide safety plants, the research on the study of phytochemical and initiation of cell and organ culture have been carried out. J curcas which has been collected from different regions in Indonesia showed to contain relatively the same profile of chemical contents. Dominant compounds that were detected by GCMS are hidrocarbon such as  2-heptenal, decadienal, hexsadecane, pentadecane, cyclooctane etc, fatty acid such as oktadecanoate acid, etthyl linoleate, ethyl stearate, heksadecanoate acid and steroid such as stigmasterol, fucosterol, sitosterol. No phorbol ester and its derivatives have been detected yet by the GCMS method. Callus and suspension cultures of J. curcas have been established to be used for further investigation.   Keywords: Jatropha curcas, phytochemical, biofuel, cell culture, steroid, hydrocarbon, fatty acid
DIETARY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR AFLATOXIN B FROM PROCESSED PEANUT PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BOGOR 1 SETYAWATI DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY; SANTI, SANTI AMBARWATI; INA, INA RETNOWATI
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2011.18.1.133

Abstract

A research on dietary exposure assessment for aflatoxin B (AFB1) fromprocessed peanutproducts in Municipality of Bogor was carried out. The objectives of this study were todetermine the contents of AFB1 in processed peanut products at retail levels, and to obtaininformation whether there is a risk to public health caused by the consumption of processedpeanut products contaminated by AFB1. Survey of processed peanut product consumptionwas carried out by interviewing each respondent using a questionnaire of weekly processedpeanut product consumption. Sampling of processed peanut products was conducted at thelocations where the respondents obtained processed peanut products. The number of roastedpeanuts with skin pods, flour-coated peanuts and or sauces samples was 33,respectively, while the number of and sauces samples was 18 and 12, respectively.The total number of processed peanut product sampleswas 129.AFB1contentwas determinedusingThin LayerChromatographymethod.Estimation of the dietary exposure assessmentwasdetermined using the actual survey data consisting of AFB1 content, consumption data andbody weight. The highest contaminated sample percentage and mean of AFB1 content wasfound in roasted peanuts with skin pods i.e. 42% of 33 samples and 43.2 μg/kg, respectively,followed by flour-coated peanuts (30% of 33 samples and 34.3 μg/kg), and or(21%of 33 samples and 17.1 μg/kg).Mean of estimated dietary exposure for AFB1 found inchildren was 15.2 ng kg bw day and 95 percentile exposure was 38.9 ng kg bw day , while inadults 9.0 ng kg bw day and 95 percentile exposure was 27.0 ng kg bw day . The excesscancer risk of AFB1 exposure in Bogor fromthis study on children and adults was calculated as193 and 115 cancers/year, respectively-1 -1 th -1 -1-1 -1 th -1 -1pecel gado-gadosiomay sataipecel gado-gado1.
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATIONS OF 16S MITOCHONDRIAL GENE SEQUENCES OF YELLOW RICE STEM BORER,scirpopbaga incertulas (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) FROM WEST JAVA RAFFIUDIN, RIKA; WINNIE, RUTH MARTHA; SAMUDRA, I MADE
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 1 June 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2011.18.1.135

Abstract

Yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is one of the most important rice pest insects in Asia, including Indonesia. However, there is a lack of genetic data for this important agricultural insect.  Therefore, this study was conducted to explore intraspecific differentiation of S. incertulas partial 16S mitochondrial gene from Bogor, Karawang, Indramayu and Cirebon (West Java, Indonesia). Here, we reported a total of 325 bp of 16S mitochondrial gene of S. incertulas from the obtained samples. Among all DNA sequences, three haplotypes of 16S mitochondrial gene were observed and submitted to GenBank under Accession Number of GU191881, GU191882, GU191883, respectively for haplotype 1, 2, and 3.  The haplotype 1 was found in all S. incertulas surveyed locations, except Bogor. The haplotype 2  and 3 were found only in from Cirebon and Bogor samples. These haplotype variations can be applied as DNA markers for S. incertulas early larva detection method among other rice stem borers. Hence, further explorations of the mitochondrial variations of S. incertulas in Java and other parts of Indonesia are needed.   Keywords: moth, haplotypes, genetic differentiations,  molecular identification

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