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COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA People’s Empowerment, Rights, Human Advocacy, and Legal Knowledge Initiative (PERHAKI) Division Editorial Office: Karanganyar 003/001, Pekutan, Mirit, Kab. Kebumen, Jawa Tengah
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Health Justice Review
Published by COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31646840     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65815
Core Subject :
Indonesian Health Justice Review (e-ISSN: 3164-6840) is published by COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA, issued four times a year in March, June, September, and December, and was first published in 2024. It is a double anonymous peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary academic journal focusing on the relationship between law, health policy, and social justice in Indonesia. The journal publishes scholarly works examining health law, healthcare regulation, public health policy, health equity, access to healthcare, the right to health, medical ethics, and human rights. It welcomes studies addressing health disparities and the legal and policy challenges affecting vulnerable and marginalized populations, including low-income communities, indigenous communities, persons with disabilities, women, and rural populations. The journal encourages interdisciplinary research connecting health and law with public health, sociology, political science, economics, human rights, and related fields. It publishes original research articles, review articles, case studies, and other scholarly works relevant to its scope. The journal applies an Open Access Policy, providing free and immediate access to published articles. Copyright is retained by the authors, and articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 50 Documents
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Access to Health in Indonesia: The Impact of Universal Health Coverage on Equity and Social Justice Riko Wijaya; Damar Prasetyo; Ahmad Zulkifli; Wei Ming Zhang
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/k49pj475

Abstract

Indonesia’s Universal Health Coverage (JKN) program, launched in 2014, has significantly expanded access to healthcare services for millions of Indonesians. However, its impact on equity and social justice remains a topic of ongoing debate. This paper explores how JKN has improved or hindered access to healthcare, particularly for marginalized and low-income communities. Using a combination of quantitative data analysis, surveys, and interviews with healthcare providers and recipients, the study assesses the accessibility, affordability, and quality of healthcare services under the JKN framework. The findings highlight that while JKN has made substantial strides in providing healthcare to a wider population, significant disparities persist, especially in rural areas, remote islands, and among informal sector workers who remain outside the program. Furthermore, the quality of care remains inconsistent, with underfunded local clinics and a shortage of healthcare professionals in underserved regions. The paper argues that achieving true health equity requires not only expanding coverage but also addressing systemic barriers such as infrastructure, financial constraints, and administrative inefficiencies. Recommendations include enhancing the capacity of local healthcare facilities, improving integration of health services, and addressing the social determinants of health through more comprehensive policy interventions.
Health Inequalities in Indonesia’s Rural Areas: Addressing the Gap in Healthcare Access and Outcomes Siti Mariam Abdul Malik; Maya Pramesti
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/0w7v5162

Abstract

Healthcare access and outcomes in Indonesia’s rural areas are marked by significant disparities when compared to urban centers. This paper examines the causes and consequences of these health inequalities, focusing on the barriers rural populations face in accessing essential healthcare services. Through data analysis, field surveys, and interviews with rural residents and healthcare professionals, the study explores factors such as distance to healthcare facilities, financial barriers, limited healthcare infrastructure, and cultural beliefs that affect healthcare utilization. The research reveals that rural communities experience higher rates of preventable diseases, poor maternal and child health outcomes, and limited access to specialized medical care, which contribute to overall health disparities. Despite the Indonesian government’s efforts to improve healthcare access through programs like JKN, the rural-urban health divide persists due to inadequate resources, insufficient healthcare personnel, and limited health education. The paper argues that addressing health inequalities in rural Indonesia requires targeted interventions that focus on improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing healthcare worker incentives to work in rural areas, and enhancing health literacy among rural populations. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at reducing these disparities and achieving greater healthcare equity for rural communities.
The Role of Traditional Medicine in Indonesia’s Healthcare System: A Path to Integrating Cultural Practices and Health Justice Galih Wicaksono; Siti Nur Aisyah
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/ab72ra08

Abstract

Traditional medicine plays a significant role in the healthcare system of Indonesia, particularly in rural and indigenous communities. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of integrating traditional medicine into Indonesia’s modern healthcare system in a way that respects cultural practices while promoting health justice. Drawing on qualitative research, including interviews with traditional healers, patients, and healthcare providers, the study investigates the legal, social, and cultural barriers to integrating traditional medicine into formal healthcare policies. The research finds that while traditional medicine is widely trusted and utilized by various communities, it often operates outside the formal health system, limiting its potential to contribute to health justice. Moreover, there are concerns regarding safety, efficacy, and regulation, particularly in terms of ensuring that traditional practices complement, rather than conflict with, evidence-based medical care. The paper advocates for a balanced approach, proposing policies that regulate and integrate traditional healing practices into Indonesia’s healthcare system, ensuring that they meet safety standards and complement the work of modern medical professionals. Recommendations include creating a regulatory framework that acknowledges the value of traditional medicine, training healthcare workers in cultural competence, and promoting research into the benefits of traditional practices for disease prevention and health promotion.
Mental Health and Social Justice: Analyzing the Legal and Policy Barriers to Mental Health Care Access in Indonesia Liana Haryani; Mei Hsiu Chen
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/vkxd1543

Abstract

Mental health remains one of the most neglected aspects of Indonesia’s healthcare system, with significant legal, social, and cultural barriers preventing access to care. This paper explores the legal and policy challenges that hinder mental health care access, particularly for marginalized populations, such as low-income individuals, women, and rural residents. Using a combination of policy analysis, interviews with mental health professionals, and case studies, the research identifies the gaps in mental health legislation, the stigma surrounding mental illness, and the insufficient allocation of resources for mental health services. Findings suggest that Indonesia’s mental health care system is underfunded, lacks proper infrastructure, and is constrained by outdated laws and practices. Mental health services are often seen as secondary to physical health, and there is a significant lack of trained professionals, particularly in rural areas. The paper argues that mental health care is an essential component of health justice and that addressing the social determinants of mental health—such as poverty, gender inequality, and social exclusion—is critical for achieving equitable healthcare for all. Recommendations include the expansion of mental health services, comprehensive reform of mental health laws, and increased public awareness to reduce stigma and promote mental well-being as part of the broader health agenda.
Gender Inequality in Health: Examining the Impact of Health Policy on Women’s Health Rights in Indonesia Farah Nadia Zulkifli; Rudi Agung Kurniawan
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/dgzdg830

Abstract

Gender inequality in Indonesia has profound effects on women’s health rights, limiting their access to essential services such as maternal care, reproductive health, and gender-based violence support. This paper critically examines how health policies in Indonesia contribute to or mitigate these gender disparities, particularly in the context of maternal and reproductive health services. Through a review of national health policies, legal frameworks, and interviews with healthcare providers and women’s rights advocates, the study identifies key barriers women face in accessing adequate healthcare. Findings suggest that although progress has been made, women—especially those in rural and low-income areas—continue to experience restricted access to maternal care, contraceptive services, and safe childbirth options due to cultural norms, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and lack of education. The paper argues that addressing gender inequality in health requires a systemic approach that includes policy reform, education, and the removal of legal barriers to women’s health rights. Recommendations include improving access to reproductive health services, strengthening policies around gender-based violence, and ensuring that health policies promote the autonomy and rights of women, particularly in marginalized communities.
Health Justice in the Era of Universal Health Coverage: Legal Accountability of Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) in Protecting Vulnerable Populations Zulfa Azza Kusuma Dewi; Samsul Bahri
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): December, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/3qpvzn73

Abstract

The global expansion of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has positioned health as a fundamental human right, yet its realization depends heavily on legal accountability and institutional design. Indonesia’s National Health Insurance System (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN) represents one of the largest single-payer schemes in the world, covering more than two hundred million citizens. Despite its scale, persistent disparities in access, quality of care, and financial protection remain, particularly among vulnerable populations such as informal workers, rural communities, and persons with disabilities. This article examines JKN through a health justice framework, focusing on the extent to which legal mechanisms ensure equity, accountability, and rights-based protection. Using normative legal analysis combined with policy review, the study evaluates statutory regulations, administrative practices, and judicial decisions related to JKN implementation. The paper situates Indonesia’s experience within global UHC debates, highlighting tensions between cost containment, privatization of service delivery, and state obligations under international human rights law. The findings reveal that while JKN has significantly reduced catastrophic health expenditures, gaps in legal enforcement, weak grievance mechanisms, and unequal regional capacities undermine substantive health justice. This study argues that health justice requires not only coverage expansion but also enforceable legal safeguards that address structural inequality. Strengthening regulatory oversight, improving legal remedies for beneficiaries, and aligning national policies with international health rights norms are essential for advancing equitable health systems in Indonesia and comparable Global South contexts.
Digital Health, Data Sovereignty, and Justice: Legal Challenges of Telemedicine Expansion in Post-Pandemic Indonesia Hendrikus Adiputra; Jingga Putri; Ravion Iskandar Valeon
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): December, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/4askxw02

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the global adoption of digital health technologies, positioning telemedicine as a critical tool for health system resilience. In Indonesia, telemedicine expanded rapidly, bridging geographical barriers across the archipelago. However, this transformation raises complex legal and ethical questions concerning data protection, equity, and health justice. This paper critically examines the legal framework governing telemedicine in Indonesia, focusing on data sovereignty, patient privacy, and unequal digital access. Employing a socio-legal approach, the study analyzes statutory regulations, ministerial policies, and emerging case practices, while situating Indonesia within global digital health governance debates. The findings demonstrate that although telemedicine improves efficiency and access for urban populations, it risks deepening health inequities for communities lacking digital infrastructure or literacy. Moreover, ambiguities in data ownership, cross-border data flows, and the role of private digital platforms challenge state responsibility in protecting patients’ rights. From a health justice perspective, the paper argues that digital health must be governed not merely as a technological innovation but as a public health good subject to legal accountability. The article proposes a justice-oriented regulatory model that integrates data protection, equitable access, and transparent public–private partnerships. Indonesia’s experience offers valuable insights for Global South countries navigating the intersection of digital transformation, health rights, and legal governance.
Environmental Health Justice and Extractive Industries: Legal Protection of Indigenous Communities in Indonesia’s Mining Regions Aqriel Thane Zafiroth; Nyssa Aurelith
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): December, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/22ph4g16

Abstract

Environmental degradation caused by extractive industries poses significant health risks to communities worldwide, disproportionately affecting Indigenous peoples. Indonesia, as a major global mining hub, faces persistent conflicts between economic development and environmental health justice. This article investigates the legal protection of Indigenous communities’ health rights in mining regions, with a focus on environmental health impacts such as water contamination, air pollution, and occupational hazards. Through normative legal analysis and selected case studies, the paper examines national environmental laws, Indigenous rights recognition, and judicial responses to mining-related health harms. The study situates Indonesia’s legal framework within international environmental and human rights standards, including the right to a healthy environment. Findings reveal systemic gaps in enforcement, limited community participation, and unequal power relations between corporations and Indigenous groups. Despite progressive legal recognition of environmental and health rights, practical access to justice remains constrained. This paper argues that environmental health justice requires stronger legal integration between health law, environmental regulation, and Indigenous rights. By foregrounding health impacts in environmental governance, Indonesia can advance more equitable and sustainable development. The analysis contributes to global discussions on environmental health justice in resource-rich developing countries.
Reproductive Health Justice and Legal Pluralism: Navigating State Law, Religion, and Women’s Autonomy in Indonesia Noor Qanitha; Ahmad Munir
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): December, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/0ejxkd77

Abstract

Reproductive health justice remains a contested issue globally, particularly in legally plural societies where state law intersects with religious and customary norms. Indonesia presents a unique case in which reproductive health regulation is shaped by statutory law, Islamic jurisprudence, and local cultural values. This article examines how legal pluralism affects women’s reproductive health rights, focusing on access to contraception, maternal healthcare, and abortion services. Using a doctrinal and feminist legal analysis, the study evaluates relevant legislation, religious discourses, and policy implementation practices. The findings indicate that while Indonesia formally recognizes reproductive health rights, restrictive interpretations and moral governance often limit women’s autonomy in practice. Disparities are especially pronounced among rural, low-income, and adolescent women. The paper argues that reproductive health justice requires harmonizing legal pluralism with rights-based principles that prioritize bodily autonomy and gender equality. By situating Indonesia within global reproductive justice debates, the article highlights the challenges faced by Muslim-majority democracies in balancing cultural legitimacy and international human rights obligations. The study proposes legal and policy reforms that strengthen women’s agency while respecting socio-religious diversity.
Health Justice in Correctional Settings: Legal Responsibility for Prisoners’ Right to Health in Indonesia Mohammad Yousof; Faisal Herlambang Putra
Indonesian Health Justice Review Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): December, 2025
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/w9r9nf15

Abstract

Prisoners represent one of the most marginalized populations in health systems worldwide, often excluded from mainstream health justice discourse. In Indonesia, chronic prison overcrowding, limited healthcare infrastructure, and infectious disease outbreaks highlight systemic failures in protecting prisoners’ right to health. This article analyzes the legal responsibility of the state in ensuring health justice within Indonesian correctional facilities. Through normative legal analysis and policy review, the study examines constitutional guarantees, correctional laws, and international human rights standards applicable to prisoners’ health. The findings reveal a significant gap between legal norms and practical implementation, exacerbated by institutional neglect and resource constraints. The paper argues that denying adequate healthcare to prisoners constitutes structural injustice and undermines public health more broadly. Framing prisoners’ health as a matter of health justice rather than charity, the article calls for stronger legal accountability, intersectoral coordination, and integration of prison health services into the national health system. Indonesia’s experience underscores a global challenge in aligning punitive justice systems with human rights-based health obligations.

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