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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Soils
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : 0852257X     EISSN : 20866682     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.v25i1
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
Journal of Tropical Soils (JTS) publishes all aspects in the original research of soil science (soil physic and soil conservation, soil mineralogy, soil chemistry and soil fertility, soil biology and soil biochemical, soil genesis and classification, land survey and land evaluation, land development and management environmental), and related subjects in which using soil from tropical areas.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Konservasi Alam dan Lahan
Articles 817 Documents
 46   47   48   49   50 
Perubahan Populasi Protozoa dan Alga Dominan pada Air Genangan Tanah Padi Sawah yang Diberi Bokashi Berkelanjutan Niswati, Ainin; Dermiyati, .; Arif, Mas Achmad Syamsul
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 13 No. 3: September 2008
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2008.v13i3.225-231

Abstract

Protozoa and alga play important roles in biogeochemical nutrient cycles in freshwater environment, especially in the paddy fields.  The changes from the conventional technologies to organic technologies will change the communities structures of organisms lived in the paddy fields environment.  The fields experiment was conducted to study the population dynamic of protozoa and algae dominant inhabited in  the floodwater of the paddy fields subjected by continues ‘bokashi’ application.  The results showed that protozoa and algae inhabited in the paddy fields in present study were dominated by Euglena, Pleodorina, Volvox, and Diatom. The continued application of  bokashi for 4 years significantly increased the total population of protozoa and algae, however, the significantly effect was obtained in the population of Volvox only.  The population of protozoa and algae were affected by the time of flooding of paddy fields where it increases exponentially at the 20 and 30 days after flooding and stable after that, ecxept for Euglena where it increases little by little with time of flooding.
Identifikasi dan Kuantifikasi Metabolit Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Aktivitas Rhizoctonia solani pada Tanaman Kedelai Setiawati, Tri Candra; Mihardja, Paniman Asna
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 13 No. 3: September 2008
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2008.v13i3.233-240

Abstract

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) metabolites are organic acids, phosphomonoesterase enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) and antibiotic, which is able to dissolve insoluble phosphate. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria used in this study was expected to suppress Rhizoctonia solani attacks. This experiment was aimed at (1)  identifiying and quantifying  PSB metabolites, and (2) examining their capability as biocontrol agent for Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and hydroponics soybean. This study was conducted in three stages. The first stage of this study was culturing two PSB isolates (Pseudomonas putida 27.4B and Pseudomonas diminuta) in the Pikovskaya medium to analyze their metabolites. The second and third stage of this study was testing the antagonist of two bacteria to suppressed R. solani activity, which was conducted in vitro, and in hydroponics medium soybean as indicator plant. The results showed that P. putida 27.4B and P. diminuta produced organic acids i.e.: citrate, formic, succinic, acetic, propionate, butyrate, and oxalate. The totals of organic acids from each bacterium were 70,3 mg.kg-1 and 61,9 mg.kg-1. Production of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in Pikovskaya medium of P. Putida27.4B was 11,71 μg pNP .mL-1.h-1 and P. diminuta was 24,04  μg pNP.mL-1.h-1. Concentration of this enzyme in soil medium was higher than that in Pikovskaya medium with 26,27 μg pNP.g-1.h-1 and 39,03 μg pNP.g-1.h-1 respectively. This study also showed that total concentration of antibiotics (tetracycline, oxitetracycline and penicillin) produced by the PSB, were 3,2 μg.mL-1 (P. putida 27.4B) and 10,96 μg.m1-1 (P. diminuta), respectively. The results from second stage of this study showed that by using in vitro, the reduced growth of  R. solani was observed 58,35% with P. putida 27.4B and 41,96% with P. diminuta. In addition, inoculations of PSB in hydroponics medium reduced the fungal pathogenesis from 10,71% to 21,42% of pre and post emergence damping-off. Visually, the symptom of pathogen attack appeared within the period of  2 untill 14 days after infection.
Studi Hifa Eksternal CMA dalam Memahami Fungsinya Mengkontribusi Serapan P Tanaman Menggunakan Metode Thin Section Effendy, Machfud; Wijayani, Bhakti Wisnu
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 13 No. 3: September 2008
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2008.v13i3.241-252

Abstract

The study of the external hyphae of AMF was conducted for getting data of the soil hyphae distribution from the observation using thin section preparation. The experiment was arranged in factorial fully randomized design. The 1st factors are dosages of P application: 0; 45; 90; 135; and 180 kg ha-1.  The second factor was AMF spore inoculation: with inoculation and without inoculation.  The observations were conducted to roots and shoots oven dried, absorption of P, P32- fertilizer and P31 from soil.  The soil was separated from T-pots and to prepare for making the thin section of soil for observation to hyphae distribution at every 2 cm level.  The experiment results showed that the prepared of thin section was documented at the 200 µm x 200 µm (= 40.000 µm2) dimension can be used for external hifas observation.  In the 400 µm2 areas of soil without AMF inoculated has about 24 to 27 external hyphal, so at the  40.000 µm2 areas has 2.400 until 2.700 hyphae.  The soil was AMF inoculated has 19 to 25 hyphae at  400 µm2 areas of soil, and in the 40.000 µm2 areas has  1.900 until 2.500 hyphae and the length of hyphae about 67-75 m g-1.  The diameter hifas at soil without AMF inoculation about 8-10 µm, and at the soil with AMF inoculated has hyphae diameter about 8-11 µm, and the long of hyphae about 53-69 m g-1.  The growth speed of hyphae about 0.74-0.89 m day-1 or about 0.031-0.035 m hour-1.  The inoculated plant with AMF spore gave more in contribution to P32 fertilizer and soil P31 than that in uninoculated plant, but the yield of shoot and root oven dried was higher for plants without inoculated AMF spore.  The inoculated soil with spore of AMF caused to sum of AMF spore and soil P availability was higher than that in uninoculated soil.
Konversi Hutan Menjadi Lahan Usahatani Karet dan Kelapa Sawit serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Aliran Permukaan dan Erosi Tanah di DAS Batang Pelepat Sunarti, .; Sinukaban, Naik; Sanim, Bunasor; Tarigan, Suria Darma
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 13 No. 3: September 2008
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2008.v13i3.253-260

Abstract

Forest conversion to some land use happened in all watershed, includes Batang Pelepat watershed. The objectives of this research are to know effect of forest conversion to land of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and palm oil (Elaeis guinensis Jack) farming on run off and soil erosion and different of erosion rate on agro technology of rubber and palm oil farming in Batang Pelepat watershed. The research was carried out during 3 months, begin October to December 2006. Run off and soil erosion measured plot with gutter in the lower of plot. Experimental design for this research is randomized complete block design, with land use type as treatment and slope class as replication or block. Data analyzed statistically by variance analysis (F-test) and Duncan New Multiple Range Test on confidence 95% (α = 0.05). The results of this research show that area of forest coverage in Batang Pelepat watershed was decreasing. In 1986 this area still 94,50% of watershed area, but in 1994 area of forest only 78,17% and in 2006 forest area 64,20% of watershed area. Forest conversion was carried out to land of rubber and palm oil farming with some actual agro technologies. Land of monoculture rubber I resulted the highest run off and soil erosion more than the other land use type and showed different of run off and soil erosion on land of secondary forest. 
Effect of Oxalic Acid, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ on Release of Fixed Potassium and Basal Distance of Smectite in Smectitic Soils Nursyamsi, Dedi
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 14 No. 3: September 2009
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2009.v14i3.177-184

Abstract

Laboratory experiment aimed to study effect of oxalic acid, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ on the release of fixed potassium and basal distance of smectite in smectitic soils was conducted in Laboratory of Soil Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan. The experiment used four of topsoil samples of Typic Hapludalfs (B1),  Chromic Endoaquerts (B2), Typic Endoaquerts (B3), and Typic Haplustalfs (B4) taken from Jonggol (Bogor), Sidareja (Cilacap), Padas (Ngawi), and Todanan (Blora) respectively. This experiment also used randomized completely block design, six treatments, i.e.: control (water), 1 N of oxalic acid, (oxalic acid+NaOH) pH=7, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ respectively and they were replicated three times. After extracting the samples, potassium concentration in supernatant was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method and basal distance of smectite in clay paste was measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The result showed that oxalic acid, (oxalic acid+NaOH) pH=7, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ increased the release of fixed potassium by clay in all tested soils about 24.63-3744%, 31.88-45.38%, 25.37-48.35%, 27.48-42.32%, and 28.17-35.49%, respectively. Among the treatments, (oxalic acid+NaOH) pH=7 was the most effective in releasing fixed K at Alfisols, while Na+ at Vertisols.  Oxalic acid+NaOH pH=7, Na+, and Fe3+ increased the basal distance of smectite in the soils about 10.41%, 11.48%, and 15.30%, respectively. Among the treatments, Fe3+ was the highest in increasing the basal distance of smectite in the soils.
Use of Plant Derived Ash as Potassium Fertilizer and Its Effects on Soil Nutrient Status and Cocoa Growth Baon, John Bako
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 14 No. 3: September 2009
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2009.v14i3.185-193

Abstract

Analternative to replacing the expensive potassium (K) fertilizers, such as KCl, should be investigated by Indonesia as the third largest cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) producing country. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of plant derived ash (PDAsh) application on soil nutrient status and growth of cocoa. This research was conducted in ICCRI, Jember, using a soil from Balung subdistrict, Jember, East Java. Two series of experiments with and without cocoa plants consisted of six treatments replicated four times were laid in randomized completly block design. The six treatments of K2O applied were 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 mg 2.5 kg-1 soil. Results of this study showed that application of PDAsh as K fertilizer increased the availability of K and Mg in soil and K content in plant tissue. In case of Mn, the concentration in soil decreased in the experiment with cocoa plants, on the other hand the concentration increased where no cocoa plants and the relation followed quadratic curve. The results also indicated that application of PDAsh up to 1500 mg K2O 2.5 kg-1soil resulted in soil pH of 7.4 in two months after application and reached 6.8 in 6 months compared with the pH of ash was 13. Application of PDAsh 700 mg 2.5 kg-1soil resulted in optimum cocoa seedling growth compared to other dosages tested, in term of plant height, plant diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry shoot weight.
Kandungan Fosfor Tanaman Padi dan Emisi Karbon Tanah Gambut yang Diaplikasi dengan Amelioran Fe3+ dan Fosfat Alam pada Beberapa Tingkat Pemberian Air Nelvia, .
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 14 No. 3: September 2009
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2009.v14i3.195-204

Abstract

The addition of ameliorant Fe3+ and rock phosphates containing high Fe cation can reduce effect of toxic organic acids, increase peat stability through formation of complex compounds and reduce carbon emission. The research was conducted in the laboratory and green house of the Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University. Peat samples with hemic degree of decomposition were taken from Riau. Rock phosphates were taken from the rock phosphates of PT. Petrokimia Gresik, Christmas Island phosphates, and Huinan China and FeCl3.6H2O was used as the other Fe3+ source.  The aims of the research were to study (a) the effect of the applications of ameliorant Fe3+ and rock phosphates on the P content of plants dan (b) the effect of the application ameliorant Fe3+ and the contribution of Fe cation in rock phosphates in the decrease of carbon emission. The results showed that the P content of plants rice increased 58 – 286 % with the applications of ameliorant Fe3+ and rock phosphates. The estimation of carbon loss through CO2 and CH4 emissions from peats if planted continuously with rice was around 2.5, 2.2 and 2.6   Mg of C ha-1 year-1 respectively in field capacity condition, two times of field capacity condition, and 5 cm of saturated condition.  The application of ameliorant Fe3+ and rock phosphates containing high Fe cation increased the stability of peats and reduced the carbon loss around  1.7 Mg of C ha-1 year-1 (64%) in 5 cm of saturated condition, 1,3 Mg of C ha-1 year-1 (58%) in two times of field capacity condition, and 1.0 Mg of C ha-1 year-1 (41%) in field capacity condition. 
Correlation between Soil Test Phosphorus of Kaolinitic and Smectitic Soils with Phosphorus Uptake of Lowland Rice Masjkur, Mohammad
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 14 No. 3: September 2009
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2009.v14i3.205-209

Abstract

Correlation between soil test phosphorus (P) and plant-available P parameters were affected by soil properties, such as soil pH, particle-size composition, and mineralogy. The objectives of this research were: (1) to determine P concentration extracted by several soil P test method in kaolinitic and smectitic soil, and (2) to determine correlation between soil P test and soil properties, P fractions, P sorption parameters, and P uptake of lowland rice. The soil P test in kaolinitic and smectitic soil used solutions of HCl 25%, Truog, Olsen, Bray1, Mehlich1, and Morgan Venema and were correlated with P uptake of lowland rice in field experiment. Concentration of  Truog-P in kaolinitic soil was significantly higher than smectitic soil, while concentration of  Morgan-P in kaolinitic soil was significantly lower than smectitic soil. Concentration differences of HCl 25%-P, Olsen-P, Bray1-P, and Mehlich1-P between kaolinitic and smectitic soil were not significant.  In kaolinitic soil correlation between HCl 25%-P, Olsen-P, Bray1-P, and Mehlich1-P, and Morgan-P with P uptake of lowland rice were not significant. In smectitic soil HCl 25%-P, Olsen-P, Bray1-P, and Mehlich1-P correlated significantly with P uptake of lowland rice, while Morgan-P was not significant.
Pengaruh Kombinasi NPK dan Pupuk Kandang terhadap Sifat Tanah dan Pertumbuhan serta Produksi Tanaman Caisim Sarno, .
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 14 No. 3: September 2009
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2009.v14i3.211-219

Abstract

The study was conducted in Keputran village, Tanggamus District, Lampung Province.  The aim of this study to find out a proper combination of NPK fertilizer and chicken manure for the vegetable crops, especially chinese mustard (Brassica campetris Var. Chinensis L.) in order to increase the production.   A randomized complete block design was used in this experiment with ten treatments and three replications. The result showed that the application of chicken manure with the dosage of less than 5 Mg ha-1 was combined with NPK fertilizer did not effective to affect the increasing of growth and production of chinese mustard. Meanwhile application of chicken manure more than 5 Mg ha-1 was combined with NPK fertilizer significantly affected the growth, production of chinese mustard and soil properties i.e. C-total, total-N, P available, exchangeable K, and humic and fulvic acid. The application of chicken manure effective to reduce NPK fertilizer need.  The best yield was found in using 50% of NPK fertilizer to dosage recommendation and 50% application of chicken manure to dosage 20 Mg ha-1.
The Rule of Organic Fertilizer on Fertilizer Efficiency and Requirement Rate for Vegetable Crop on Inceptisols Ciherang, Bogor Widowati, Ladiyani Retno
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 14 No. 3: September 2009
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2009.v14i3.221-228

Abstract

Utilization of organic fertilizer is an alternative to increase soil health and supply a small amount of plant nutrient. Meanwhile agricultural soil in Indonesia commonly have low organic carbon content (<2%) therefore application of organic fertilizer is recommended. Based on that, the aim of the research is to measure the effectiveness of organic fertilizer on caisim (Brassica chinensis L.) growth, to measure the release of  N-NO3- and N-NH4+, to determine the recommendation of organic fertilizer for caisim on Incentisols Ciherang, Bogor. The research had been conducted at Research and Soil Testing Laboratory and green house of Soil Research Institute, Laladon – Bogor on April to July 2008 using soil sample of Inceptisols Ciherang, Bogor.  The treatments were:  Control (No fert.), NPK, rates of NPK + 500 kg organic fertilizer, 500 kg and 1000 kg organic fertilizer (No NPK), NPK+250 and 750 kg organic fertilizer. The five replications research had been conducted with Completely Randomized Design. The result indicated thats: (1) NPK fertilizer increased with addition of organic fertilizer approved by the evidence of increasing of  plant high 2-10%, leaves number 1-2%, and crop production 16-36%. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of treatment NPK+various rate of organic fertilizer were higher than NPK alone with value of 136-181%. (2) The release of NH4+-N and NO3--N from anorganic  fertilizer (NPK treatment) in four weeks incubation period  showed balance proportion with N rate. Nitrogen released from organic fertilizer in the same incubation period are 5.39 mg  NH4+-N kg-1 and  12.39 mg NO3- -N kg-1.  (3) The best organic fertilizer rate based on fertilizer curve for Inceptisols Cicadas-Bogor  having low C and N-organic is 560 kg organic fertilizer + NPK (300 kg Urea ha-1; 50 kg SP-36 ha-1; 50 kg KCl ha-1) produce caisim 134 g bag-1.

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